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End-to-End 2D Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Lung Nodule Identification and Abnormal Detection in Cloud

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 461-475页

作者： Safdar Ali Saad asad Zeeshan Asghar Atif Ali Dohyeun Kim Department of Software Engineering the University of LahoreDefence Road CampusLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityAra CampusJeju City63243Korea

The extent of the peril associated with cancer can be perceivedfrom the lack of treatment, ineffective early diagnosis techniques, and mostimportantly its fatality rate. Globally, cancer is the second leading cause ofdeath and among over a hundred types of cancer;lung cancer is the secondmost common type of cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer-relateddeaths. Anyhow, an accurate lung cancer diagnosis in a timely manner canelevate the likelihood of survival by a noticeable margin and medical imagingis a prevalent manner of cancer diagnosis since it is easily accessible to peoplearound the globe. Nonetheless, this is not eminently efficacious consideringhuman inspection of medical images can yield a high false positive rate. Ineffectiveand inefficient diagnosis is a crucial reason for such a high mortalityrate for this malady. However, the conspicuous advancements in deep learningand artificial intelligence have stimulated the development of exceedinglyprecise diagnosis systems. The development and performance of these systemsrely prominently on the data that is used to train these systems. A standardproblem witnessed in publicly available medical image datasets is the severeimbalance of data between different classes. This grave imbalance of data canmake a deep learning model biased towards the dominant class and unableto generalize. This study aims to present an end-to-end convolutional neuralnetwork that can accurately differentiate lung nodules from non-nodules andreduce the false positive rate to a bare minimum. To tackle the problem ofdata imbalance, we oversampled the data by transforming available images inthe minority class. The average false positive rate in the proposed method isa mere 1.5 percent. However, the average false negative rate is 31.76 *** proposed neural network has 68.66 percent sensitivity and 98.42 percentspecificity.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks medical image processing lung nodule identification data imbalance deep learning

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Tree ring derived summer temperature variability over the past millennium in the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第4期17卷 1026-1036页

作者： Fayaz asad Haifeng ZHU Tabassum YASEEN Ru HUANG Mukund Palat RAO Department of Botany Bacha Khan University CharsaddaKhyber Dakhtun Khaw 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals Barcelona 08193Spain Department of Plant Science University of California Davis(UC Davis)95616CaliforniaUSA Tree Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityNY 10964USA

Long-term high resolution climate proxies are essential for understanding climate variability particularly,in regions such as the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan,where few long-term climate records are *** standard dendrochronological methods,an 1132-year(882 to 2013 C.E.)tree-ring chronology of Juniperus excelsa *** was established from the western Himalayas,northern Pakistan(WHNP).Tree growth was negatively and significantly(r=-0.65)correlated with the growing season(June-July)mean temperature,and positively and weakly(r=0.22)associated with *** inverse relationship of tree radial growth with temperature and positive association with precipitation demonstrated that forest growth is sensitive to high temperature related *** a reliable STD chronology and robust reconstruction model,a 928-year(1086 to 2013 C.E.)mean temperature reconstruction was developed for the WHNP using the substantial negative correlation between the summer temperature and standard tree ring-width *** to statistical validation,the reconstruction accounted for 41.6% of the climatic variation for the period of 1956-2013 *** *** extreme-warm periods occurred in 1093 C.E.(29.42℃)and extreme cold periods in 1088 C.E.(26.99℃)observed during the past 928 *** reconstruction's multi-taper method(MTM)spectral analysis reveals significant(p<0.05)2-3-year and 63.8-year *** the 2-3-year cycle occurred within the range of ENSO variation,which indicates that ENSO had an impact on the regional temperature in our studied area.

关键词： tree rings Juniperus excelsa dendrochronology reconstruction western Himalaya

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How much information is lost when sampling driving behavior data?Indicators to quantify the extent of information loss

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2020年第1期3卷 17-29页

作者： Jun Liu asad Khattak Lee Han Quan Yuan Department of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Purpose–Individuals’driving behavior data are becoming available widely through Global Positioning System devices and on-board diagnostic *** incoming data can be sampled at rates ranging from one Hertz(or even lower)to hundreds of *** to capture substantial changes in vehicle movements over time by“undersampling”can cause loss of information and misinterpretations of the data,but“oversampling”can waste storage and processing *** purpose of this study is to empirically explore how micro-driving decisions to maintain speed,accelerate or decelerate,can be best captured,without substantial loss of ***/methodology/approach–This study creates a set of indicators to quantify the magnitude of information loss(MIL).Each indicator is calculated as a percentage to index the extent of information loss(EIL)in different *** overall information loss index named EIL is created to combine the MIL *** from a driving simulator study collected at 20 Hertz are analyzed(N=718,481 data points from 35,924 s of driving tests).The study quantiﬁes the relationship between information loss indicators and sampling ***–The results show that marginally more information is lost as data are sampled down from 20 to 0.5 Hz,but the relationship is not *** four indicators of MILs,the overall EIL is 3.85 per cent for 1-Hz sampling rate driving behavior *** sampling rates are higher than 2 Hz,all MILs are under 5 per cent for importation ***/value–This study contributes by developing a framework for quantifying the relationship between sampling rates,and information loss and depending on the objective of their study,researchers can choose the appropriate sampling rate necessary to get the right amount of accuracy.

关键词： Driver behaviours and assistance Sensor data processing Information loss Instantaneous driving decisions Sampling rate Undersampling

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3D Simulation Research on Urea-SCR DeNO_x Catalyst for Diesel Engine

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2009年第4期18卷 428-432页

作者：姜磊葛蕴珊 asad Naeem Shah 谭建伟 School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology

In order to reduce oxides of nitrogen （NOx） emanated from a diesel engine, a comprehensive urea selective catalyst reduction （SCR） DeNOx catalyst was modeled in which numerical simulations were used as a complementary tool for the experimental investigations to make the design decisions, and hence shorten the de- velopment process. In this approach, relevant conversion reactions were studied in 1D model, and the parame- ters obtained in this way were transferred to 3D simulations. According to the results of the study, the conver- sion of NO and NO2 increased with the increase in monolith solid temperature. With the increase in the ratio of NO2/NOx the conversion of NO, NO2 and NOx increased resulting in maximum reduction of NOxat the ratio of 1; beyond this ratio, the conversion of NO2 and NOx decreased; however, NO continued to be converted till the ratio was 1.8. The conversion of NOx decreased with the increase in space velocity.

关键词： diesel engine selective catalyst reduction (SCR) oxides of nitrogen (NO~) computational fluid dynamics

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Multi-Modality and Feature Fusion-Based COVID-19 Detection Through Long Short-Term Memory

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4357-4374页

作者： Noureen Fatima Rashid jahangir Ghulam Mujtaba Adnan Akhunzada Zahid Hussain Shaikh Faiza Qureshi Center of Excellence for Robotics Artificial Intelligenceand BlockchainDepartment of Computer ScienceSukkur IBA UniversitySukkurPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad–Vehari CampusPakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu88400Malaysia Department of Mathematics Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurPakistan

The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic poses the worldwide challenges surpassing the boundaries of country,religion,race,and *** current benchmark method for the detection of COVID-19 is the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)***,this testing method is accurate enough for the diagnosis of ***,it is time-consuming,expensive,expert-dependent,and violates social *** this paper,this research proposed an effective multimodality-based and feature fusion-based(MMFF)COVID-19 detection technique through deep neural *** multi-modality,we have utilized the cough samples,breathe samples and sound samples of healthy as well as COVID-19 patients from publicly available COSWARA *** set of experimental analyses were performed to evaluate the performance of our proposed *** useful features were extracted from the aforementioned modalities that were then fed as an input to long short-term memory recurrent neural network algorithms for the classification *** set of experimental analyses were performed to evaluate the performance of our proposed *** experimental results showed that our proposed approach outperformed compared to four baseline approaches published *** believe that our proposed technique will assists potential users to diagnose the COVID-19 without the intervention of any expert in minimum amount of time.

关键词： Covid-19 detection long short-term memory feature fusion deep learning audio classification

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Groundwater arsenic poisoning in a primary educational institution:health risks to school-going children

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第6期41卷 1069-1082页

作者： Md.Sohel Rana Md.jahangir Alam MdAbu Musa Sazal Kumar Md.Aminur Rahman Zonal Laboratory Department of Public Health Engineering(DPHE)RangpurBangladesh Department of Chemistry Carmichael CollegeRangpurBangladesh Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Islamic UniversityKushtia7003Bangladesh School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(GCER) College of EngineeringScience and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia Zonal Laboratory Department of Public Health Engineering(DPHE)Jashore-7400Bangladesh

This study aimed to estimate arsenic(As)and iron(Fe)content in tubewell water(n=58)in primary educational institutions and subsequently assess the health risks to school-going *** described that the As concentration ranged between 0.002 and 0.994 mg L^(-1)with an average value of 0.044 mg L^(-1);which exceeded the World Health Organization(WHO)provisional guideline value of 0.01 mg L^(-1).Similarly,the Fe content varied from 0.05 to 10 mg L^(-1)averaging to 2.84 mg L^(-1).Samples of 55.17%contained a greater As concentration than0.01 mg L^(-1)and 18.97%greater than Bangladesh drinking water quality(BDWQ)standard of 0.05 mg L^(-1),***,75.86%of samples contained a higher Fe concentration than the maximum Bangladesh permissible limit of 1 mg L^(-1).Health risk assessment indicated that girls are more vulnerable than boys *** average hazard quotients(HQs)for As intake through drinking water were 6.01±17.85 and 7.41±22.03 for boys and girls,respectively,implying non-carcinogenic health risks to both *** HQs for Fe intake were less than threshold value of 1 indicating no health issues may arise from Fe intake ***,consumption of As and Fe may trigger health risks to students as indicated by the hazard index(HI),which was higher than *** average cancer risk(CR)values for both boys(0.0027±0.008)and girls(0.0033±0.0099)exceeded the threshold limit of 10-6-10-4,suggesting a possibility of lifetime cancer risks to the school-going ***,school authorities should find alternative ways to ensure safe drinking water for school-going children to avoid possible cancer and non-cancer health risks through consumption of As-poisoning water.

关键词： Arsenic Iron Human health risks Groundwater

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Measuring quality of experience for 360-degree videos in virtual reality

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第10期63卷 108-122页

作者： Muhammad Shahid ANWAR Jing WANG asad ULLAH Wahab KHAN Sadique AHMAD Zesong FEI School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology Iqra University

In recent years, we witness dramatic growing attention in immersive media technologies like 360-degree videos and virtual reality(VR). However, measuring the quality-of-experience(QoE) for 360-degree VR videos is not a trivial task. Streaming such videos to head mounted displays(HMDs) is extremely bandwidth-demanding when compared to traditional 2D videos. In HTTP adaptive streaming, QoE tends to deteriorate significantly during fluctuating network conditions, which results in various bitrate changes and causes multiple stalling events during playback. Thus, understanding how the human visual system perceives 360-degree video with the effect of stalling and different bitrate levels becomes inevitable. In this paper, we investigate the impact of stalling on users QoE under different bitrate levels and the interaction between stalling event and bitrate level for 360-degree videos in VR. To aim this, we first build a 360-degree videos database by encoding videos in three different bitrate levels(1, 5, and 15 Mbps) with 4 K resolutions(3840×1920 pixels). We then simulate various stalling events in the videos and conduct a subjective experiment in a virtual reality environment to investigate the human responses. Finally, we use a Bayesian method to estimate and predict the QoE while measuring the quality drop owing to various stalling events and bitrate changes. Proposed solution and prediction results show a strong dependency between playback stalling and bitrate of 360-degree video in VR. Stalling always impacts the QoE of 360-degree videos, but the strength of this negative impact depends on the video bitrate level. The adverse effect of stalling events is more profound when bitrate level approaches to the high and low end, which is in close agreement with subjective opinion.

关键词： quality of experience stalling virtual reality 360-degree video

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Properties of Chemically Synthesized Nano-geopolymer Cement based Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete(SCGC)

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2019年第1期34卷 98-106页

作者： Muhammad Ali Sikandar Byung Wan Jo Zafar Baloch Muhammad asad Khan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CECOS University

The physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting geopolymer concrete(SCGC) using chemically synthesized nano-geopolymer cement was investigated. Nano-geopolymer cement was synthesized using nano-silica, alkali activator, and sodium aluminate in the laboratory. Subsequently, nine nanogeopolymer cement sbased SCGC mixes with varying nano-geopolymer cement content, alkali activator content, coarse aggregate(CA) content, and curing temperature were produced. The workability-related fresh properties were assessed through slump flow diameter and slump flow rate measurements. Mechanical performances were evaluated through compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity measurements. In addition, rapid chloride penetration test, water absorption, and porosity tests were also performed. It was assessed that all mix design parameters influenced the fresh and hardened properties of SCGC mixes. Based on test results, it was deduced that nano-geopolymer cement SCGC performed fairly well. All the SCGC mixes achieved the 28-day compressive strength in the range of 60-80 MPa. Additionally, all mixes attained 60% of their 28-day strength during the first three days of elevated temperature curing. FTIR and SEM analyses were performed to evaluate the degree of polymerization and the microstructure respectively for SCGC mixes.

关键词： geopolymer compressive strength self-compacting concrete alkali activator nano-silica

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Neuraminidase Gene Reveals that the H5N1 Strains Prevalent in Chickens During 2006 Bird Flu Outbreaks in Two Regions of Maharashtra, India Are Genetically Different

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2009年第1期7卷 57-61页

作者： Mohd Danishuddin asad U. Khan Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit Aligarh Muslim University

In February 2006, two outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 occurred in chickens in two neighboring districts （first in Nandurbar and second in Jalgaon） of Maharashtra, India, in a span of 12 days. In the present study, the neuraminidase （NA） gene of the two Indian H5N1 isolates was taken into consideration to find if the two strains are genetically similar. Phylogenetic analysis of the NA gene showed that the H5N1 strains isolated from the two outbreaks were not originated from the same source. The first Indian isolate （Nandubar/7972/06） was clustered closest to an isolate from chicken in Vietnam in 2004, whereas the second Indian isolate （Jalgaon/8824/06） showed resemblance to strains isolated from swan in Italy and Iran in 2006. Moreover, amino acid sequence analysis showed varying hot spots for substitutions between these two Indian isolates, and three substitutions were found at functional domain sites. Secondary structure changes due to these substitutions were also reported. This study reveals that the H5N1 strains isolated from chickens during 2006 bird flu outbreaks in two neighboring districts of Maharashtra, India are genetically different.

关键词： avian influenza virus H5N1 neuraminidase phylogeny mutation

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Investigation of heat transfer of a building wall in the presence of phase change material(PCM)

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2020年第2期1卷 199-206页

作者： Rafid jahangir Khan Md.Zubayer Hossain Bhuiyan Dewan Hasan Ahmed Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology141-142 Love RoadTejgaon Industrial AreaDhakaBangladesh

The energy consumption in buildings for heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning is increasing with the in-creasing demand for thermal *** energy storage with phase change material(PCM)has attracted growing attention for its role in achieving energy conservation in buildings with thermal *** paper investigates the effect of PCM on the heat transfer rate in a building wall and the role of PCM on the indoor thermal comfort of the *** models of building wall fragments were developed for the experimental *** one model,tests were conducted for different positions of the PCM layer in the building wall to identify the optimal position of the PCM layer inside the *** another model,tests were carried out integrating PCM,air gap,and other conventional building materials(brickbat and sand),one at a time,to investigate the role of PCM on the heat transfer rate in the building wall *** results show that placing the PCM layer closer to the heat source gives a low-temperature gain of the cold water bath(indoor state)as compared with the PCM layer near the heat *** PCM,the temperature rise of the cold water bath(indoor state)of the building wall fragment was the lowest,and the slope of the temperature rise of the cold water bath becomes steadier with time i.e.,fewer temperature *** was a significant time delay for the cold water bath to reach a given *** heat required for a unit degree increase in the temperature of the cold water bath was higher and the peak heat flux of the wall was lower relative to the other building materials.

关键词： Phase change material(PCM) Thermal energy storage Building wall fragment Thermal comfort

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