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End-to-End 2D Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Lung Nodule Identification and Abnormal Detection in Cloud

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 461-475页

作者： Safdar Ali Saad asad Zeeshan Asghar Atif Ali Dohyeun Kim Department of Software Engineering the University of LahoreDefence Road CampusLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityAra CampusJeju City63243Korea

The extent of the peril associated with cancer can be perceivedfrom the lack of treatment, ineffective early diagnosis techniques, and mostimportantly its fatality rate. Globally, cancer is the second leading cause ofdeath and among over a hundred types of cancer;lung cancer is the secondmost common type of cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer-relateddeaths. Anyhow, an accurate lung cancer diagnosis in a timely manner canelevate the likelihood of survival by a noticeable margin and medical imagingis a prevalent manner of cancer diagnosis since it is easily accessible to peoplearound the globe. Nonetheless, this is not eminently efficacious consideringhuman inspection of medical images can yield a high false positive rate. Ineffectiveand inefficient diagnosis is a crucial reason for such a high mortalityrate for this malady. However, the conspicuous advancements in deep learningand artificial intelligence have stimulated the development of exceedinglyprecise diagnosis systems. The development and performance of these systemsrely prominently on the data that is used to train these systems. A standardproblem witnessed in publicly available medical image datasets is the severeimbalance of data between different classes. This grave imbalance of data canmake a deep learning model biased towards the dominant class and unableto generalize. This study aims to present an end-to-end convolutional neuralnetwork that can accurately differentiate lung nodules from non-nodules andreduce the false positive rate to a bare minimum. To tackle the problem ofdata imbalance, we oversampled the data by transforming available images inthe minority class. The average false positive rate in the proposed method isa mere 1.5 percent. However, the average false negative rate is 31.76 *** proposed neural network has 68.66 percent sensitivity and 98.42 percentspecificity.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks medical image processing lung nodule identification data imbalance deep learning

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Tree ring derived summer temperature variability over the past millennium in the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第4期17卷 1026-1036页

作者： Fayaz asad Haifeng ZHU Tabassum YASEEN Ru HUANG mukund Palat RAO Department of Botany Bacha Khan University CharsaddaKhyber Dakhtun Khaw 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals Barcelona 08193Spain Department of Plant Science University of California Davis(UC Davis)95616CaliforniaUSA Tree Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityNY 10964USA

Long-term high resolution climate proxies are essential for understanding climate variability particularly,in regions such as the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan,where few long-term climate records are *** standard dendrochronological methods,an 1132-year(882 to 2013 C.E.)tree-ring chronology of Juniperus excelsa *** was established from the western Himalayas,northern Pakistan(WHNP).Tree growth was negatively and significantly(r=-0.65)correlated with the growing season(June-July)mean temperature,and positively and weakly(r=0.22)associated with *** inverse relationship of tree radial growth with temperature and positive association with precipitation demonstrated that forest growth is sensitive to high temperature related *** a reliable STD chronology and robust reconstruction model,a 928-year(1086 to 2013 C.E.)mean temperature reconstruction was developed for the WHNP using the substantial negative correlation between the summer temperature and standard tree ring-width *** to statistical validation,the reconstruction accounted for 41.6% of the climatic variation for the period of 1956-2013 *** *** extreme-warm periods occurred in 1093 C.E.(29.42℃)and extreme cold periods in 1088 C.E.(26.99℃)observed during the past 928 *** reconstruction's multi-taper method(mTm)spectral analysis reveals significant(pmpact on the regional temperature in our studied area.

关键词： tree rings Juniperus excelsa dendrochronology reconstruction western Himalaya

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Optimized Binary Neural Networks for Road Anomaly Detection:A TinymL Approach on Edge Devices

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 527-546页

作者： Amna Khatoon Weixing Wang asad Ullah Limin Li mengfei Wang School of Information Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an710064China School of Information Engineering Xi’an Eurasia UniversityXi’an710065China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China

Integrating Tiny machine Learning(TinymL)with edge computing in remotely sensed images enhances the capabilities of road anomaly detection on a broader *** devices efficiently implement a Binary Neural Network(BNN)for road feature extraction,utilizing quantization and compression through a pruning *** modifications resulted in a 28-fold decrease in memory usage and a 25%enhancement in inference speed while only experiencing a 2.5%decrease in *** showcases its superiority over conventional detection algorithms in different road image *** constrained by computer resources and training datasets,our results indicate opportunities for future research,demonstrating that quantization and focused optimization can significantly improve machine learning models’accuracy and operational *** Cortex-m0 gives practical feasibility and substantial benefits while deploying our optimized BNN model on this low-power device:Advanced machine learning in edge *** analysis work delves into the educational significance of TinymL and its essential function in analyzing road networks using remote sensing,suggesting ways to improve smart city frameworks in road network assessment,traffic management,and autonomous vehicle navigation systems by emphasizing the importance of new technologies for maintaining and safeguarding road networks.

关键词： Edge computing remote sensing TinymL optimization BNNs road anomaly detection quantization model compression

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The Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Strategic Interests

The Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Strategic Interes...

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作者： ilyas CAN DOGAN 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

Considering China’s increasing political and economic significance in the 21st century,it is not surprising that China attracts a lot of attention due to its numerous achievements and the diverse challenges faced by the *** China constantly expands its impact zone,more and more countries are gradually being affected by China’s policies and *** this context,it is crucial to notice that the Belt and Road Initiative is the most comprehensive and essential one in today’s *** purpose of this study is to examine the Belt and Road Initiative and its harmony with Turkey’s strategic *** this framework,the author explores Sino-Turkish relations’ historical background,BRI’s primary content,Turkey’s participation in the BRI,and potential challenges between Turkey and ***,the author targets to examine the project’s compliance with Turkey’s strategic *** understand both countries’ interests and solve conflict resolution between these countries,the author aims to explain the opportunities and challenges of cooperation between China and *** meet the objectives of this study,the author builds the basis of the survey with China’s rise,China-Turkey relations,and Turkish foreign ***,the researcher delineates the original Silk Road,the Belt and Road Initiative’s overview,and the project’s benefits to China and other BRI ***,the author scrutinizes Turkey’s opinion on the project by examining Turkish media’s,policymakers,and Turkey’s ***,the researcher discusses Turkey’s selffinanced projects and its compliance with Belt and Road *** findings of this study indicate that the middle corridor initiative is compatible with Belt and Road ***,the analysis demonstrates that the project overall is consistent with Turkish foreign policy and strategic ***,as far as the economy is concerned,the Turkish and Chinese demography have simila

关键词： The Belt and Road Initiative China Turkey-China relations

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Ethnobotany of Ghalegay,District Swat,Pakistan

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云南植物研究 2006年第3期28卷 305-314页

作者： Farrukh Hussain ilyas Iqbal mufakhirah Jan Durrani Department of Botany University of Peshawar Pakistan Department of Botany SBK Women University Quetta Pakistan

Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various *** on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2%) were classified as medicinal,forty-seven as fire wood (37.3%),forty-five as forage (35.7%),twenty-eight as honey bee species (22.2%),twenty-seven as vegetable species (21.4%),25 as edible fruits (14 wild and 11cultivated),thirteen as timber wood (10.3%),twelve as ornamental (9.5%),eleven as furniture wood,ten as shelter and thatch makers (7.9%),ten as fencing (7.9%),five as poisonous (4%),four as religious/superstitious species,three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools (2.4%),three as utensil cleaner species (2.4%),three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning *** area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.

关键词：人类植物学药用植物巴基斯坦民族植物学

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Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： K.mUHAmmAD m.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(mHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in mATHEmATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： Nanofluidics

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Design and Simulation of Flow Field for Bone Tissue Engineering Sca old Based on Triply Periodic minimal Surface

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Chinese Journal of mechanical Engineering 2019年第2期32卷 193-202页

作者： Zhen Wang Chuanzhen Huang Jun Wang Peng Wang Shisheng Bi Ch asad Abbas Centre for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (Ca JET ) Key Laboratory of High-efciency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education) School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University School of mechanical and manufacturing Engineering The University of New South Wales (UNSW )

A novel method was proposed to design the structure of a bone tissue engineering scafold based on triply periodic minimal *** this method,reverse engineering software was used to reconstruct the surface from point cloud *** method overcomes the limitations of commercially available software packages that prevent them from generating models with complex surfaces used for bone tissue engineering ***,the fluid feld of the scafolds was simulated through a numerical method based on fnite volume and the cell proliferation performance was evaluated via an in vitro *** cell proliferation and the mass flow evaluated in a bioreactor further verifed the flow feld simulated using computational fluid *** result of this study illustrates that the pressure value drops rapidly from 0.103 Pa to 0.011 Pa in the y-axis direction and the mass flow is unevenly distributed in the *** mass flow in the side outlets is observed to be approximately 24.3 times higher thanthe ***,although the mean value of wall shear stress is signifcantly more than 0.05 Pa,there is stil a large area with a suitable shear stress below 0.05 Pa where most cells can proliferate *** result shows that th inlet velocity 0.0075 m/s is suitable for cell proliferation in the *** study provides an insight into the design analysis,and in vitro experiment of a bone tissue engineering scafold.

关键词： Bone tissue engineering Porous sca old Flow field Reverse engineering Cell proliferation

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Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Engine Oil: Atangana–Baleanu Fractional model

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Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 2915-2932页

作者： Saqib murtaza Farhad Ali Nadeem Ahmad Sheikh ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Department of mathematics City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Computational Analysis Research Group Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City70000Vietnam Faculty of mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City70000Vietnam Department of mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmah UniversityAl-Majmah11952Saudi Arabia Department of mathematics College of Arts and SciencePrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Al-Dawaser11991Saudi Arabia

The present article aims to examine the heat and mass distribution in a free convection flow of electrically conducted,generalized Jeffrey nanofluid in a heated rotatory *** flow analysis is considered in the presence of thermal radiation and the transverse magnetic field of strength *** medium is porous accepting generalized Darcy’s *** motion of the fluid is due to the cosine oscillations of the *** has been formed by the uniform dispersing of the Silver nanoparticles in regular engine *** problem has been modeled in the form of classical partial differential equations and then generalized by replacing time derivative with Atangana–Baleanu(AB)time-fractional *** taking the Laplace transform technique(LTT)and using physical boundary conditions,exact expressions have been obtained for momentum,energy,and concentration *** impact of a number of parameters on fluid flow is shown *** numerical tables have been computed for variation in the rate of heat and mass transfer with respect to rooted ***,the classical solution is recovered by taking the fractional parameter approaching *** is worth noting that by adding silver nanoparticles in regular engine oil,its heat transfer rate increased by 14.59%,which will improve the life and workability of the engine.

关键词： Jeffrey fluid silver nanoparticles engine oil Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivatives Laplace transform technique

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Generalized model of Blood Flow in a Vertical Tube with Suspension of Gold Nanomaterials: Applications in the Cancer Therapy

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Computers, materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 171-192页

作者： Anees Imtiaz Oi-mean Foong Aamina Aamina Nabeel Khan Farhad Ali ilyas Khan Department of mathematics City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Computer and Information Sciences Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri IskandarMalaysia Computational Analysis Research Group Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi MinhVietnam Faculty of mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi MinhVietnam Department of mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Gold metallic nanoparticles are generally used within a lab as a tracer,to uncover on the presence of specific proteins or DNA in a sample,as well as for the recognition of various *** are bio companionable and have properties to carry thermal energy to tumor cells by utilizing different clinical *** the cancer cells are very smaller so for the infiltration,the properly sized nanoparticles have been injected in the *** this reason,gold nanoparticles are very *** in mind the above applications,in the present work a generalized model of blood flow containing gold nanoparticles is considered in this *** blood motion is considered in a cylindrical tube under the oscillating pressure gradient and magnetic *** problem formulation is done using two types of fractional approaches namely CF(Caputo Fabrizio)and AB(Atangana-Baleanue)derivatives,whereas blood is considered as a counter-example of Casson *** solutions of the problem are obtained using joint Laplace and Hankel transforms,and a comparative analysis is made between CF and *** are computed in tables and shown in various plots for embedded parameters and *** is found that adding 0.04-unit gold nanoparticles to blood,increase its heat transfer rate by 4 percent compared to regular *** is also noted that the heat transfer can be enhanced in the blood with memory.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement blood flow Casson fluid AB CF fractional derivatives

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Computational Analysis of the Oscillatory mixed Convection Flow along a Horizontal Circular Cylinder in Thermally Stratified medium

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Computers, materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 109-123页

作者： Zia Ullah muhammad Ashraf Saqib Zia Yuming Chu ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Department of mathematics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan Department of mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of mathematics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou313000China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of mathematical modeling and Analysis in Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha410114China Faculty of mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh72915Vietnam Department of mathematics College of Arts and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Aldawaser11991Saudi Arabia

The present work emphasizes the significance of oscillatory mixed convection stratified fluid and heat transfer characteristics at different stations of non-conducting horizontally circular cylinder in the presence of thermally stratified *** remove the difficulties in illustrating the coupled PDE’s,the finite-difference scheme with efficient primitive-variable formulation is proposed to transform dimensionless *** numerical simulations of coupled non-dimensional equations are computed in terms velocity of fluid,temperature and magnetic field which are computed to examine the fluctuating components of skin friction,heat transfer and current density for various emerging *** governing parameters namely,thermally stratification parameter𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑡,mixed-convection parameter𝜆𝜆,Prandtl number Pr,magnetic force parameter𝜉𝜉and magnetic-Prandtl number𝛾𝛾are displayed graphically at selected values for velocity and heat transfer *** is computed that heat transfer attains maximum amplitude and good variations in the presence of thermally stratified parameter at each position𝛼𝛼=𝜋𝜋6⁄,𝛼𝛼=𝜋𝜋3⁄and𝛼𝛼=𝜋𝜋around the surface of non-conducting horizontally *** velocity of fluid attains certain height at station𝛼𝛼=𝜋𝜋6⁄for higher value of stratification *** is also found that the temperature gradient decreases with stratification parameter𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑡,but it increases after a certain distance𝑌𝑌from the *** novelty of the current work is that due to non-conducting phenomena the magnetic effects are strongly observed far from the surface but exact at the surface are zero for each position.

关键词： mixed-convection oscillatory stratified flow non-conducting cylinder thermal stratification heat transfer.

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