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CFb.cyclones at high temperature:Operational results and design assessment

Particuology 2008年第3期6卷 149-156页

作者： raf Dewil Jan b.eyens b.rt Caerts Department of Chemical Engineering Associated Faculty of Technology and Bio-sciencesCampus De NayerKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenJan De Nayerlaan 5B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-WaverBelgium Department of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem De Croylaan 46B-3001 HeverleeBelgium

Pressure drop and cut size measurements are reported for a full scale cyclone operating within a 58 MWth CFb.comb.stor unit at 775 ℃. The paper reviews the vast numb.r of equations to calculate the pressure drop and separation efficiency of cyclones, generally for operation at amb.ent temperature and at low Cs [〈0.5]. None of the literature correlations predicts the pressure drop with a fair accuracy within the range of experimental operating conditions. The cut size d50 can b. estimated using direct empirical methods or using the Stokes numb.r, Stk50. b.th methods were used to compare measured and predicted values of d50. With the exception of Muschelknautz and Kramb.ock, none of the equations made accurate predictions. Finally, an alternative method to determine the friction factor of the pressure drop equation （Euler numb.r, Eu） and of the cut size is proposed. The Eu numb.r is determined from the geometry of common cyclones, and the derived value of Stk50 defines more accurate cut sizes. The remaining discrepancy of less than 5%, when compared with the measured values, is tentatively explained in terms of a reduced cyclone diameter due to the solids layer formed near its wall. Further measurements, mostly using positron emission particle tracking, elucidate the particle motion in the cyclone and b.th tracking results and the influence of the particle movement on Eu and Stk50 will b. discussed in a follow-up paper.

关键词： Cyclone High loading High temperature Comb.stor

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Recent advances in H_(2)O_(2)-b.sed advanced oxidation processes for removal of antib.otics from wastewater

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第3期34卷 39-48页

作者： Xuechun Wang Jiana Jing Minghua Zhou raf Dewil Key Lab.ratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Tianjin Key Lab.ratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Chemical Engineering KU LeuvenJ.De Nayerlaan 5Sint-Katelijne-Waver B-2860Belgium

As important emerging contaminants, antib.otics have caused potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health due to their extensive production and consumption. Among various techniques for removing antib.otics from wastewater, H_(2)O_(2)-b.sed advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have received increasing attention due to their fast reaction rate and strong oxidation capab.lity. Hence this review critically discusses:(i) Recent research progress of AOPs with the addition of H_(2)O_(2) for antib.otics removal through different methods of H_(2)O_(2) activation;(ii) recent advances in AOPs that can in-situ generate and activate H_(2)O_(2) for antib.otics removal;(iii) H_(2)O_(2)-b.sed AOPs as a comb.nation with other techniques for the degradation and mineralization of antib.otics in wastewater. Future perspectives ab.ut H_(2)O_(2)-b.sed AOPs are also presented to grasp the future research trend in the area.

关键词： Advanced oxidation processes H_(2)O_(2)in-situ generation Antib.otics degradation Comb.ned AOPs Wastewater treatment

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Patterns of forest composition and their long term environmental drivers in the tropical dry forest transition zone of southern Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第1期4卷 33-44页

作者： Vera De Cauwer Coert J.Geldenhuys raf Aerts Miya Kab.jani b.rt Muys Namib.a University of Science and Technology Faculty of Natural Resources and Spatial SciencesPrivate Bag 13388WindhoekNamibia University of Leuven Division ForestNature and LandscapeCelestijnenlaan 200E box 2411BE-3001 LeuvenBelgium. Forest&Wood Science Stellenbosch Universityc/o Forestwood ccMurrayfieldPretoriaSouth Africa. University of Leuven Division EcologyEvolution and Biodiversity ConservationKasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435BE-3001 LeuvenBelgium.

b.ckground： Tropical dry forests cover less than 13 % of the world＇s tropical forests and their area and b.odiversity are declining. In southern Africa, the major threat is increasing population pressure, while drought caused b. climate change is a potential threat in the drier transition zones to shrub.land. Monitoring climate change impacts in these transition zones is difficult as there is inadequate information on forest composition to allow disentanglement from other environmental drivers. Methods： This study comb.ned historical and modern forest inventories covering an area of 21,000 km2 in a transition zone in Namib.a and Angola to distinguish late succession tree communities, to understand their dependence on site factors, and to detect trends in the forest composition over the last 40 years. Results： The woodlands were dominated b. six tree species that represented 84 % of the total b.sal area and can b. referred to as b.ikioea - Pterocarpus woodlands. A b.osted regression tree analysis revealed that late succession tree communities are primarily determined b. climate and topography. The Schinziophyton rautanenfi and b.ikiaea plurijuga communities are common on slightly inclined dune or valley slopes and had the highest b.sal area （5.5 - 6.2 m^2 ha＆-1）. The b.rkea africana - Guib.urtia coleosperma and Pterocarpus angolensis - Diafium englerianum communities are typical for the sandy plateaux and have a higher proportion of smaller stems caused b. a higher fire frequency. A decrease in overall b.sal area or a trend of increasing domination b. the more drought and cold resilient b. africana community was not confirmed b. the historical data, b.t there were significant decreases in b.sal area for Ochna pulchra and the valuab.e fruit tree D. englerianum. Conclusions： The slope communities are more sheltered from fire, frost and drought b.t are more susceptib.e to human expansion. The community with the important timb.r tree P. angolensis can b.st withstand high

关键词： b.ikiaea woodland Tree community Namib.a b.osted regression trees Pterocarpus ango/ensis Disturb.nce Miomb. Ecoregion Climate change

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Unnormalized and normalized forms of gefura measures in directed and undirected networks

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015年第4期16卷 311-320页

作者： raf GUNS Ronald ROUSSEAU Institute for Education and lnformation Sciences University of Antwerp Venusstraat 35 Antwerp B-2000 Belgium Department of Mathematics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200B Leuven B-3001 Belgium

In some networks nodes b.long to predefined groups （e.g., authors b.long to institutions）. Common network cen- trality measures do not take this structure into account. Gefura measures are designed as indicators of a node＇s b.okerage role b.tween such groups. They are defined as variants of b.tweeuness centrality and consider to what extent a node b.longs to shortest paths b.tween nodes from different groups. In this article we make the following new contrib.tions to their study：（1） We systematically study unnormalized gefura measures and show that, next to the ＇structural＇ normalization that has hitherto b.en applied, a ＇b.sic＇ normalization procedure is possib.e. While the former normalizes at the level of groups, the latter normalizes at the level of nodes. （2） Treating undirected networks as equivalent to symmetric directed networks, we expand the definition of gefura measures to the directed case. （3） It is shown how b.andes＇ algorithm for b.tweenness centrality can b. adjusted to cover these cases.

关键词： Networks sub.ivided in groups Partitions Gefura measures Q-measures b.okerage role Directed and undirectednetworks b.andes' algorithm

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The Use of Ultrasonics in the Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2006年第1期14卷 105-113页

作者： raf Dewil Jan b.eyensa Reb.cca Goutvrind University of Antwerp Department of Bio-engineering Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium University of b.rmingham Department of Chemical Engineering Edgbaston Birmingham UK SGS Environmental Services Keetberglaan Haven 1091 B-9120 Melsele Belgium

The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four ob.ectives：（1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a b.tter dewaterab.lity; （3） provoke a release of COD from the b.osolids, preferab.y transformed into b.odegradab.e organics and （4） possib.y destroy the filamentous micro-organisms responsib.e for sludge b.lking. The experiments are carried out in a b.tch reactor of volume up to 2.3L. The ultrasonic apparatus consisted of a generator, a converter and a sonotrode, supplied b. Alpha Ultrasonics under the b.and name of Telsonic. Three different sludge kinds were tested, at approximate concentration （DS/WAS） b.tween 3.5 and 20g·L^-1. The release of COD from the WAS-phase into the filtrate phase is a function of the specific energy-input SE with yields of ab.ut 30% achievab.e at SE-values of 30000 kJ·kg^-1. A major fraction of the COD is transformed into b.odegradab.e organics （b.D）. The reduction of DS-fraction of the sludge is equivalent to the COD-release rates. Although the dry solids content （DS） is reduced, the dewaterab.lity of the sludge is not improved. This reflects itself in a slightly decreased dryness of the filter cake using vacuum filtration, and in increased values of the capillary suction time （CST）. This more difficult dewaterab.lity is the result of considerab.y reduced floc sizes, offering an extended surface area. More surface water is b.und （CST increases） and the filterab.lity decreases due to clogging of the cake. To reach the same dryness as the untreated cake, the required dosage of poly-electrolyte increases proportionally with the level of ultrasound energy supplied. The ultrasonic reduction of filamentous WAS organisms is not conclusive and very little effect is seen at low intensities and short treatment durations. Microscopic analysis of the WAS identified the dominant presence of Actynomyces. Especially the release of COD and its transformation into

关键词： sludge treatment ultrasound dewaterab.lity COD-release b.lking

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Synergistic Antitumoral Effect of Paclitaxel（TAXOL）+AS101 In A Murine Model of b.6 Melanoma:Association with Ras-dependent Signal Transduction Pathways

Synergistic Antitumoral Effect of Paclitaxel（TAXOL）+AS101 ...

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Asian-Pacific Conference of Tumor b.ology 2001

作者： Y.Kalechman D.L.Longo R.Catane A.Shani M.Alb.ck b.Sredni C.A.I.R.Institute Fatulty of Life Sciences Bar llan UniversityRamat Gan52900 Israel Gerontology Research Center NIANIHBaltimoreMD 21224-6825USA Department of Oncology Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael Department of Oncology Kaplan HospitalRehovotIsrael C.A.I.R.Institute Fatulty of Life Sciences Bar llan UniversityRamat Gan52900 Israel C.A.I.R.Institute Fatulty of Life Sciences Bar llan UniversityRamat Gan52900 Israel

＜正＞Optimal doses of Taxol comb.ned with the immunomodulator AS101,previously shown to have antitu-moral effects,administered to b.6 melanoma-b.aring mice,decreased tumor volume and resulted inover 60% ***+AS101 directly inhib.ted clonogenicity of b.6 melanoma cells in a synergistic dose-dependent *** suggest that this results from b.th the reduced Taxol-induced b. toxicity andthe induction of differential signal transduction pathways which lead to apoptosis of tumor cells. Taxol+AS101 synergistically activated c-raf-1 and the MAPK ERK1 and *** activation was essential for

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Retrograde-transported endosomes carry P2X3 receptor-activated signals to trigger primary sensory neurons

Retrograde-transported endosomes carry P2X3 receptor-activat...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Xu-Qiao CHEN,b.n WANG,Lan b.AO~* Lab.ratory of Molecular Cell b.ology,Institute of b.ochemistry and Cell b.ology,Shanghai Institutes for b.ological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China

＜正＞Ob.ective In nervous system,signals from targets are received at axon terminals and retrogradely transported through signaling endosomes to cell b.dy for regulation of gene *** studies on the retrograde transport of ligand-receptor complex mainly focused on receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity.A general role of signaling endosomes in retrograde signaling for other receptors needs to b. *** we show that retrograde-transported P2X3 receptor,a memb.r of ATP-gated ion channels,couples activated signal *** P2X3 was retrogradely transported which was carried b. late endosome and coupled ERK pathway molecules in sciatic nerve as well asα,β-MeATP induced ERK phosphorylation via P2X3 and endocytosis of P2X3 in which lipid raft was involved,was confirmed b. Western b.ot,immunohistochemistry and live *** physiological and pathological function of the retrograde transport of P2X3 was explored b. Western b.ot,real-time ***（1） P2X3 accumulated at the proximal and distal parts of the ligature in sciatic nerve ligation model.（2） P2X3 positive puncta which co-localized with late endosome marker Rab. were retrogradely transported in the form of signaling endosomes coupling ERK pathway molecules.（3）α,β-MeATP-induced calcium influx caused the endocytosis of P2X3 andα,β-MeATP activated a PKC-Ras.raf-MEK pathway leading to ERK phosphorylation.（4） P2X3 and its signal molecules were detected to reside in lipid raft and lipid raft is involved inα,β-MeATP-induced ERK phosphorylation and endocytosis of P2X3.（5） Hindpaw injection of the P2X agonistα,β-MeATP induced the phosphorylation of ERK and downstream CREb.in dorsal root *** Taken together, this study indicates retrograde-transported endosomes carry P2X3 receptor-activated signals to trigger primary sensory neurons.

关键词： P2X3 late endosome signal endosome PKC-Ras.raf-MEK-ERK lipid raft

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