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CFB cyclones a. high tempera.ure:Opera.iona. results a.d design a.sessment

Pa.ticuology 2008年第3期6卷 149-156页

作者： raf Dewil Ja. Ba.yens Ba.t Ca.rts Depa.tment of Chemica. Engineering Associated Faculty of Technology and Bio-sciencesCampus De NayerKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenJan De Nayerlaan 5B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-WaverBelgium Depa.tment of Chemica. Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Depa.tment of Chemica. Engineering Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem De Croylaan 46B-3001 HeverleeBelgium

Pressure drop a.d cut size mea.urements a.e reported for a.full sca.e cyclone opera.ing within a.58 MWth CFB-combustor unit a. 775 ℃. The pa.er reviews the va.t number of equa.ions to ca.cula.e the pressure drop a.d sepa.a.ion efficiency of cyclones, genera.ly for opera.ion a. a.bient tempera.ure a.d a. low Cs [〈0.5]. None of the litera.ure correla.ions predicts the pressure drop with a.fa.r a.cura.y within the ra.ge of experimenta. opera.ing conditions. The cut size d50 ca. be estima.ed using direct empirica. methods or using the Stokes number, Stk50. Both methods were used to compa.e mea.ured a.d predicted va.ues of d50. With the exception of Muschelkna.tz a.d Kra.brock, none of the equa.ions ma.e a.cura.e predictions. Fina.ly, a. a.terna.ive method to determine the friction fa.tor of the pressure drop equa.ion （Euler number, Eu） a.d of the cut size is proposed. The Eu number is determined from the geometry of common cyclones, a.d the derived va.ue of Stk50 defines more a.cura.e cut sizes. The rema.ning discrepa.cy of less tha. 5%, when compa.ed with the mea.ured va.ues, is tenta.ively expla.ned in terms of a.reduced cyclone dia.eter due to the solids la.er formed nea. its wa.l. Further mea.urements, mostly using positron emission pa.ticle tra.king, elucida.e the pa.ticle motion in the cyclone a.d both tra.king results a.d the influence of the pa.ticle movement on Eu a.d Stk50 will be discussed in a.follow-up pa.er.

关键词： Cyclone High loa.ing High tempera.ure Combustor

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Predictive Cha.a.teristics of Co-a.thorship Networks: Compa.ing the Unweighted, Weighted, a.d Bipa.tite Ca.es

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Journa. of Da.a.a.d Informa.ion Science 2016年第3期1卷 59-78页

作者： raf Guns Centre for R&D Monitoring (ECOOM) University of Antwerp

Purpose： This study a.ms to a.swer the question to wha. extent different types of networks ca. be used to predict future co-a.thorship a.ong ***/methodology/a.proa.h： We compa.e three types ot networks： unwelgntea.networks, in which a.link represents a.pa.t colla.ora.ion; weighted networks, in which links a.e weighted by the number of joint publica.ions; a.d bipa.tite a.thor-publica.ion networks. The a.a.ysis investiga.es their rela.ion to positive sta.ility, a. well a. their potentia. in predicting links in future versions of the co-a.thorship network. Severa. hypotheses a.e ***： a.ong other results, we find tha. weighted networks do not a.toma.ica.ly lea. to better predictions. Bipa.tite networks, however, outperform unweighted networks in a.most a.l ca.es. Resea.ch limita.ions： Only two rela.ively sma.l ca.e studies a.e considered Pra.tica. implica.ions： The study suggests tha. future link prediction studies on networks should consider using the bipa.tite network a. a.tra.ning network. Origina.ity/va.ue： This is the first systema.ic compa.ison of unweighted, weighted, a.d bipa.tite tra.ning networks in link prediction.

关键词： Network evolution Link prediction Weighted networks Bipa.tite networks Two-mode networks

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Recent a.va.ces in H_(2)O_(2)-ba.ed a.va.ced oxida.ion processes for remova. of a.tibiotics from wa.tewa.er

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Chinese Chemica. Letters 2023年第3期34卷 39-48页

作者： Xuechun Wa.g Jia.a.Jing Minghua.Zhou raf Dewil Key La.ora.ory of Pollution Process a.d Environmenta. Criteria Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Tia.jin Key La.ora.ory of Environmenta. Technology for Complex Tra.s-Media.Pollution Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Tia.jin a.va.ced Wa.er Trea.ment Technology Interna.iona. Joint Resea.ch Center College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Depa.tment of Chemica. Engineering KU LeuvenJ.De Nayerlaan 5Sint-Katelijne-Waver B-2860Belgium

a. importa.t emerging conta.ina.ts, a.tibiotics ha.e ca.sed potentia. ha.a.ds to the ecologica. environment a.d huma. hea.th due to their extensive production a.d consumption. a.ong va.ious techniques for removing a.tibiotics from wa.tewa.er, H_(2)O_(2)-ba.ed a.va.ced oxida.ion processes(a.Ps) ha.e received increa.ing a.tention due to their fa.t rea.tion ra.e a.d strong oxida.ion ca.a.ility. Hence this review critica.ly discusses:(i) Recent resea.ch progress of a.Ps with the a.dition of H_(2)O_(2) for a.tibiotics remova. through different methods of H_(2)O_(2) a.tiva.ion;(ii) recent a.va.ces in a.Ps tha. ca. in-situ genera.e a.d a.tiva.e H_(2)O_(2) for a.tibiotics remova.;(iii) H_(2)O_(2)-ba.ed a.Ps a. a.combina.ion with other techniques for the degra.a.ion a.d minera.iza.ion of a.tibiotics in wa.tewa.er. Future perspectives a.out H_(2)O_(2)-ba.ed a.Ps a.e a.so presented to gra.p the future resea.ch trend in the a.ea.

关键词： a.va.ced oxida.ion processes H_(2)O_(2)in-situ genera.ion a.tibiotics degra.a.ion Combined a.Ps Wa.tewa.er trea.ment

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The Flemish Performa.ce-ba.ed Resea.ch Funding System: a.Unique Va.ia.t of the Norwegia. Model

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Journa. of Da.a.a.d Informa.ion Science 2018年第4期3卷 45-60页

作者： Tim C.E.Engels raf Guns Centre for R&D Monitoring (ECOOM) Faculty of Social Science University of Antwerp

The BOF-key is the performa.ce-ba.ed resea.ch funding system tha. is used in Fla.ders, Belgium. In this pa.er we describe the historica. ba.kground of the system, its current design a.d orga.iza.ion, a. well a. its effects on the Flemish higher educa.ion la.dsca.e. The BOFkey in its current form relies on three bibliometric pa.a.eters: publica.ions in Web of Science, cita.ions in Web of Science, a.d publica.ions in a.comprehensive regiona. da.a.a.e for SSH publica.ions. Ta.en together, the BOF-key forms a.unique va.ia.t of the Norwegia. model: while the system to a.la.ge extent relies on a.commercia. da.a.a.e, it a.oids the problem of ina.equa.e covera.e of the SSH. Beca.se the bibliometric pa.a.eters of the BOF-key a.e reused in other funding a.loca.ion schemes, their overa.l importa.ce to the Flemish universities is substa.tia..

关键词： Performa.ce-ba.ed resea.ch funding systems Fla.ders(Belgium) Norwegia. model Web of Science Va.B-SHW

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Pa.terns of forest composition a.d their long term environmenta. drivers in the tropica. dry forest tra.sition zone of southern a.rica

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第1期4卷 33-44页

作者： Vera.De Ca.wer Coert J.Geldenhuys raf a.rts Miya.Ka.a.a.i Ba.t Muys Na.ibia.University of Science a.d Technology Faculty of Natural Resources and Spatial SciencesPrivate Bag 13388WindhoekNamibia University of Leuven Division ForestNature and LandscapeCelestijnenlaan 200E box 2411BE-3001 LeuvenBelgium. Forest&Wood Science Stellenbosch Universityc/o Forestwood ccMurrayfieldPretoriaSouth Africa. University of Leuven Division EcologyEvolution and Biodiversity ConservationKasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435BE-3001 LeuvenBelgium.

Ba.kground： Tropica. dry forests cover less tha. 13 % of the world＇s tropica. forests a.d their a.ea.a.d biodiversity a.e declining. In southern a.rica. the ma.or threa. is increa.ing popula.ion pressure, while drought ca.sed by clima.e cha.ge is a.potentia. threa. in the drier tra.sition zones to shrub la.d. Monitoring clima.e cha.ge impa.ts in these tra.sition zones is difficult a. there is ina.equa.e informa.ion on forest composition to a.low disenta.glement from other environmenta. drivers. Methods： This study combined historica. a.d modern forest inventories covering a. a.ea.of 21,000 km2 in a.tra.sition zone in Na.ibia.a.d a.gola.to distinguish la.e succession tree communities, to understa.d their dependence on site fa.tors, a.d to detect trends in the forest composition over the la.t 40 yea.s. Results： The woodla.ds were domina.ed by six tree species tha. represented 84 % of the tota. ba.a. a.ea.a.d ca. be referred to a. Bdikioea.- Pteroca.pus woodla.ds. a.boosted regression tree a.a.ysis revea.ed tha. la.e succession tree communities a.e prima.ily determined by clima.e a.d topogra.hy. The Schinziophyton ra.ta.enfi a.d Ba.kia.a.plurijuga.communities a.e common on slightly inclined dune or va.ley slopes a.d ha. the highest ba.a. a.ea.（5.5 - 6.2 m^2 ha.-1）. The Burkea.a.rica.a.- Guibourtia.coleosperma.a.d Pteroca.pus a.golensis - Dia.ium engleria.um communities a.e typica. for the sa.dy pla.ea.x a.d ha.e a.higher proportion of sma.ler stems ca.sed by a.higher fire frequency. a.decrea.e in overa.l ba.a. a.ea.or a.trend of increa.ing domina.ion by the more drought a.d cold resilient B. a.rica.a.community wa. not confirmed by the historica. da.a. but there were significa.t decrea.es in ba.a. a.ea.for Ochna.pulchra.a.d the va.ua.le fruit tree D. engleria.um. Conclusions： The slope communities a.e more sheltered from fire, frost a.d drought but a.e more susceptible to huma. expa.sion. The community with the importa.t timber tree P. a.golensis ca. best withsta.d high

关键词： Ba.kia.a.woodla.d Tree community Na.ibia boosted regression trees Pteroca.pus a.go/ensis Disturba.ce Miombo Ecoregion Clima.e cha.ge

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Unnorma.ized a.d norma.ized forms of gefura.mea.ures in directed a.d undirected networks

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Frontiers of Informa.ion Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015年第4期16卷 311-320页

作者： raf GUNS Rona.d ROUSSEa. Institute for Educa.ion a.d lnforma.ion Sciences University of Antwerp Venusstraat 35 Antwerp B-2000 Belgium Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200B Leuven B-3001 Belgium

In some networks nodes belong to predefined groups （e.g., a.thors belong to institutions）. Common network cen- tra.ity mea.ures do not ta.e this structure into a.count. Gefura.mea.ures a.e designed a. indica.ors of a.node＇s brokera.e role between such groups. They a.e defined a. va.ia.ts of betweeuness centra.ity a.d consider to wha. extent a.node belongs to shortest pa.hs between nodes from different groups. In this a.ticle we ma.e the following new contributions to their study：（1） We systema.ica.ly study unnorma.ized gefura.mea.ures a.d show tha., next to the ＇structura.＇ norma.iza.ion tha. ha. hitherto been a.plied, a.＇ba.ic＇ norma.iza.ion procedure is possible. While the former norma.izes a. the level of groups, the la.ter norma.izes a. the level of nodes. （2） Trea.ing undirected networks a. equiva.ent to symmetric directed networks, we expa.d the definition of gefura.mea.ures to the directed ca.e. （3） It is shown how Bra.des＇ a.gorithm for betweenness centra.ity ca. be a.justed to cover these ca.es.

关键词： Networks subdivided in groups Pa.titions Gefura.mea.ures Q-mea.ures Brokera.e role Directed a.d undirectednetworks Bra.des' a.gorithm

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The Use of Ultra.onics in the Trea.ment of Wa.te a.tiva.ed Sludge

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Chinese Journa. of Chemica. Engineering 2006年第1期14卷 105-113页

作者： raf Dewil Ja. Ba.yensa.Rebecca.Goutvrind University of a.twerp Department of Bio-engineering Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium University of Birmingha. Department of Chemical Engineering Edgbaston Birmingham UK SGS Environmenta. Services Keetberglaan Haven 1091 B-9120 Melsele Belgium

The present pa.er reports on extensive investiga.ions using a. ultra.omc trea.ment ot Wa., to study its potentia. to meet one or a.l of four objectives：（1） reduce Wa. qua.tities; （2） a.hieve a.better dewa.era.ility; （3） provoke a.relea.e of COD from the biosolids, prefera.ly tra.sformed into biodegra.a.le orga.ics a.d （4） possibly destroy the fila.entous micro-orga.isms responsible for sludge bulking. The experiments a.e ca.ried out in a.ba.ch rea.tor of volume up to 2.3L. The ultra.onic a.pa.a.us consisted of a.genera.or, a.converter a.d a.sonotrode, supplied by a.pha.Ultra.onics under the bra.d na.e of Telsonic. Three different sludge kinds were tested, a. a.proxima.e concentra.ion （DS/Wa.） between 3.5 a.d 20g·L^-1. The relea.e of COD from the Wa.-pha.e into the filtra.e pha.e is a.function of the specific energy-input SE with yields of a.out 30% a.hieva.le a. SE-va.ues of 30000 kJ·kg^-1. a.ma.or fra.tion of the COD is tra.sformed into biodegra.a.le orga.ics （BOD）. The reduction of DS-fra.tion of the sludge is equiva.ent to the COD-relea.e ra.es. a.though the dry solids content （DS） is reduced, the dewa.era.ility of the sludge is not improved. This reflects itself in a.slightly decrea.ed dryness of the filter ca.e using va.uum filtra.ion, a.d in increa.ed va.ues of the ca.illa.y suction time （CST）. This more difficult dewa.era.ility is the result of considera.ly reduced floc sizes, offering a. extended surfa.e a.ea. More surfa.e wa.er is bound （CST increa.es） a.d the filtera.ility decrea.es due to clogging of the ca.e. To rea.h the sa.e dryness a. the untrea.ed ca.e, the required dosa.e of poly-electrolyte increa.es proportiona.ly with the level of ultra.ound energy supplied. The ultra.onic reduction of fila.entous Wa. orga.isms is not conclusive a.d very little effect is seen a. low intensities a.d short trea.ment dura.ions. Microscopic a.a.ysis of the Wa. identified the domina.t presence of a.tynomyces. Especia.ly the relea.e of COD a.d its tra.sforma.ion into

关键词： sludge trea.ment ultra.ound dewa.era.ility COD-relea.e bulking

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Na.iona. Lists of Schola.ly Publica.ion Cha.nels: a. Overview a.d Recommenda.ions for Their Construction a.d Ma.ntena.ce

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Journa. of Da.a.a.d Informa.ion Science 2021年第1期6卷 50-86页

作者： Ja.ne Pölönen raf Guns Ema.uel Kulczycki Gunna. Sivertsen Tim C.E.Engels Federa.ion of Finnish Lea.ned Societies Snellmaninkatu 1300170 HelsinkiFinland University of a.twerp Faculty of Social SciencesCentre for R&D Monitoring(ECOOM)Middelheimlaan 12020 AntwerpBelgium a.a. Mickiewicz University Scholarly Communication Research GroupSzamarzewskiego 89c60-568 PoznańPoland Nordic Institute for Studies in Innova.ion Research and Education(NIFU)P.O.Box 28150608 TøyenOsloNorway

Purpose: This pa.er presents a. overview of different kinds of lists of schola.ly publica.ion cha.nels a.d of experiences rela.ed to the construction a.d ma.ntena.ce of na.iona. lists supporting performa.ce-ba.ed resea.ch funding systems. It a.so contributes with a.set of recommenda.ions for the construction a.d ma.ntena.ce of na.iona. lists of journa.s a.d book ***/methodology/a.proa.h: The study is ba.ed on a.a.ysis of previously published studies, policy pa.ers, a.d reported experiences rela.ed to the construction a.d use of lists of schola.ly publica.ion cha.nels. Findings: Severa. countries ha.e systems for resea.ch funding a.d/or eva.ua.ion, tha. involve the use of na.iona. lists of schola.ly publica.ion cha.nels(ma.nly journa.s a.d publishers). Typica.ly, such lists a.e selective(do not include a.l schola.ly or non-schola.ly cha.nels) a.d differentia.ed(distinguish between cha.nels of different levels a.d qua.ity). a. the sa.e time, most lists a.e embedded in a.system tha. encompa.ses multiple or a.l disciplines. This ra.ses the question how such lists ca. be orga.ized a.d ma.nta.ned to ensure tha. a.l releva.t disciplines a.d a.l types of resea.ch a.e a.equa.ely represented. Resea.ch limita.ion: The conclusions a.d recommenda.ions of the study a.e ba.ed on the a.thors' interpreta.ion of a.complex a.d sometimes controversia. process with ma.y different sta.eholders *** implica.ions: The recommenda.ions a.d the rela.ed ba.kground informa.ion provided in this pa.er ena.le mutua. lea.ning tha. ma. feed into improvements in the construction a.d ma.ntena.ce of na.iona. a.d other lists of schola.ly publica.ion cha.nels in a.y geogra.hica. context. This ma. foster a.development of responsible eva.ua.ion ***/va.ue: This pa.er presents the first genera. overview a.d typology of different kinds of publica.ion cha.nel lists, provides insights on expert-ba.ed versus metrics-ba.ed eva.ua.ion, a.d formula.es a.set of recommend

关键词： Publica.ion cha.nel lists Resea.ch funding Schola.ly communica.ion Journa. ra.king

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概念视角下信息计量学的三个层面

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图书馆理论与实践 2014年第9期 46-50页

作者： raf Guns 王岗不详宁夏图书馆银川750011

简要回顾信息计量学研究内容的现行模型,并就模型的记录层面、社会层面、认知层面分别进行了讨论;在此基础上,讨论了每个层面内部以及层面之间的关系,并特别论述了引用关系的性质,研究了映射、距离远近以及影响等概念在该模型中的位置。

关键词：信息计量学文献计量学引用实体-关系模型概念模型信息信息检索

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Ga.ifica.ion of pla.tic wa.te a. wa.te-to-energy or wa.te-to-synga. recovery route

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Na.ura. Science 2013年第6期5卷 695-704页

作者： a.ke Brems raf Dewil Ja. Ba.yens Rui Zha.g College of Life Science a.d Technology The Key Laboratory of Bioprocess of Beijing Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China Depa.tment of Chemica. Engineering Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control Section Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Heverlee Belgium

The disposa. of pla.tic solid wa.te (PSW) ha. become a.ma.or worldwide environmenta. problem. New susta.na.le processes ha.e emerged, i.e. either a.va.ced mecha.ica. recycling of PSW a. virgin or second gra.e pla.tic feedstock, or therma. trea.ments to recycle the wa.te a. virgin monomer, a. synthetic fuel ga., or a. hea. source (incinera.ion with energy recovery). These processes a.oid la.d filling, where the non-biodegra.a.le pla.tics rema.n a.la.ting environmenta. burden. Within the therma. trea.ments, ga.ifica.ion a.d pyrolysis ga.n increa.ed interest. Ga.ifica.ion ha. been widely studied a.d a.plied for bioma.s a.d coa., with results reported a.d published in litera.ure. The a.plica.ion to the trea.ment of PSW is less documented. Ga.ifica.ion is commonly opera.ed a. high tempera.ures (> 600℃ to 800℃) in a. a.r-lea. environment (or oxygen-deficient in some a.plica.ions): the a.r fa.tor is genera.ly between 20% a.d 40% of the a.ount of a.r needed for the combustion of the PSW. Ga.ifica.ion produces mostly a.ga. pha.e a.d a.solid residue (cha. a.d a.hes). The use of a.r introduces N2 in the product ga.es, thus considera.ly reducing the ca.orific va.ue of the synga., beca.se of the dilution. The pa.er will review the existing litera.ure da.a.on PSW ga.ifica.ion, both a. the result of la.ora.ory a.d pilot-sca.e resea.ch. Processes developed in the pa.t will be illustra.ed. Recently, the use of a.sequentia. ga.ifica.ion a.d combustion system (a. very high tempera.ures) ha. been a.plied to va.ious pla.tic-conta.ning wa.tes, with a.mospheric emissions shown to be inva.ia.ly below the lega. limits. Opera.ing results a.d conditions will be reviewed in the pa.er, a.d completed with recent own la.-sca.e experimenta. results. These results demonstra.e tha. ga.ifica.ion of PSW ca. be considered a. a.first order rea.tion, with va.ues of the a.tiva.ion energy in the order of 187 to 289 kJ/mol a. a.function of the PSW na.ure.

关键词： Pla.tic Wa.te Re-Use Ga.ifica.ion Synga. Cha. Susta.na.ility Rea.tion Ra.e

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