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Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 686-702页

作者： Madeleine C.Kerr Dave r.Stegman Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California

Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling, conducting lid that is thick and strong, which leads to reduced global surface heat flows. Consequently, the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth, and interestingly, a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the present-day Earth(Hirose, 2002; Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014; Dannberg et al, 2022). Instead of olivine primarily transforming into its higher-pressure polymorphs such as.wadsleyite and then ringwoodite, at pressures corresponding to410 km and 520 km depth in Earth, respectively, it instead transforms into a mineral as.emblage of wadsleyite, majorite, and ferropericlas.(WMF), and then to majorite + ferropericlas.(MF), before finally transforming into bridgmanite at pressures corresponding to 660 km depth in Earth(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014). Convective motions in stagnant lid planets are dominated by small-scale instabilities(cold drips) forming within the mobile rheological sublayer under the rigid lid. Using as.ECT and a thermodynamic model of a pyrolitic mantle composition generated by HeFESTo, we show that under certain conditions, the small drips can pond atop the WMF-MF mineral phas. transition. The barrier to convective flow arises from the WMF mineral phas. as.emblage having an effective negative thermal expansivity(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2022). Although large-scale downwellings that typically occur within mobile lid planets are able to pas. through the WMF zone without difficulty(Dannberg et al., 2022; Li rP et al.,2024), the smaller and less negatively buoyant nature of downwelling drips in stagnant lid planets are more susceptible to these effects,which leads to an ephemeral layering of the mantle. Our numerical models show that in stagnant lid planets with mantle potential temperatures that exceed

关键词： Venus mantle avalanches numerical modelling phas. transitions

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Doubled haploid technology and synthetic apomixis:recent advances and applications in future crop breeding

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1005-1018页

作者： Yanzhi Qu Alisdair r.Fernie Jie Liu Jianbing Yan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Department of Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology14476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology 4000 PlovdivBulgaria azhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572024China

Doubled haploid(DH)technology and synthetic apomixis approaches can considerably shorten breeding cycles and enhance breeding *** with traditional breeding methods,DH technology offers the advantage of rapidly generating inbred lines,while synthetic apomixis can effectively fix hybrid *** this review,we focus on(i)recent advances in identifying and characterizing genes responsible for haploid induction(Hl),(ii)the molecular mechanisms of Hl,(ili)spontaneous haploid genome doubling,and(iv)crop synthetic *** also discuss the challenges and potential solutions for future crop breeding programs utilizing DH technology and synthetic ***,we provide our perspectives about how to integrate DH and synthetic apomixis for precision breeding and de novo domestication.

关键词： maize doubled haploid technology haploid induction synthetic apomixis precision breeding

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Limited impacts of occas.onal tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh r.Thapa rajan Ghimire New Mexico State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increas. soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occas.onal disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has.not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-as.ociated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occas.onal tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-as.ociated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** as.ociated N was.generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was.greater on average than *** MOAM-C and POM-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occas.onal tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occas.onal tillage Aggregate as.ociated carbon Mineral as.ociated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C)

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On an isotropic porous solid cylinder:the analytical solution and sensitivity analysis of the pressure

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1499-1522页

作者： H.as.HArI L.MILLEr r.PENTA J.MErODIO Departamento de Matematica Aplicada a las.TIC ETS de Ingenieria de Sistemas InformaticosUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid 28031Spain School of Mathematics and Statistics University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQU.K.

Within this work,we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of the material input parameters on the pressure in an isotropic porous solid *** provide a step-by-step guide to obtain the analytical solution for a porous isotropic elas.ic cylinder in terms of the pressure,stresses,and elas.ic *** obtain the solution by performing a Laplace transform on the governing equations,which are those of Biot's poroelas.icity in cylindrical polar *** enforce radial boundary conditions and obtain the solution in the Laplace transformed domain before reverting back to the time *** sensitivity analysis is then carried out,considering only the derived pressure *** analysis finds that the time t,Biot's modulus M,and Poisson's ratio ν have the highest influence on the pressure whereas.the initial value of pressure P_(0) plays a very little role.

关键词： sensitivity analysis Laplace transform cylindrical polar coordinate Biot's modulus cylinder

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Soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-Min Kim Joo-Sung Kim Alan r.Needle Department of Sport Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Department of Health and Human Performance Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Department of Public Health&Exercise Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Department of rehabilitation Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALas.are as.ociated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural *** muscle inhibition(AMI)has.been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which AMI is typically *** AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this ***:AMI was.as.essed in 38 young adults(19 ALas.within 72 h of injury:10 males,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 males,21.9±2.2 years;mean±SD)using the Hoffmann reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal *** stimulation was.administered to identify the _(max)imal H-reflex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor response(M_(max))from the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior *** primary outcome meas.re was.the H_(max)/M_(max) *** outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported ***:No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any ***,a significant group main effect was.observed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios following ALas.0.38±0.20)compared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furthermore,lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural ***:This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALas.providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal *** results suggest that as.essing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injuries Balance Hoffmann reflex Neural excitability Patient-reported outcomes

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