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Fatal motorcycle accidents in Fars Province, Iran： a com- munity-based survey

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2012年第4期15卷 222-227页

作者： Seyed Taghi Heydari Najmeh Maharlouei Aft Foroutan Yaser Sarikhani Fariborz Ghaffarpasand arya hedjazi Mohammad Zarenezhad Ghasem Moafian Mohammad Reza Aghabeigi Payam Peymani Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi Maryam Dehghankhalili Hassan Joulaei Kamran B. Lankarani Health Policy Research Center School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran Legal Medicine Research Center Shiraz Iran

Objective： To identify the main character- istics of victims of motorcycle accidents in Fars Province, Iran. Methods： This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fars Province which has the fourth largest population of all 31 provinces in Iran from March 2009 to June 2010. We included data from all 542 recorded cases of fatalities due to motor vehicle accidents. Data were recorded from the foren- sic medicine registry consisting of demographic and acci- dent-related information. Demographic information con- sisted of name, age, sex, status of fatal victim （motorcycle driver vs passenger） and educational level. Results： Of the 2 345 autopsy records from the foren- sic medicine archives, 542 （23.1%） gave the cause of death as motor vehicle accidents. Mean age of these victims was （31.4±16.5） years, and the male to female ratio was 28. Head injury was the most common cause of death in these victims, and overall they tended to have a low level of education. Motorcycle accidents frequently involved younger age groups （15-35 years）, and head trauma related with non-use of a helmet was the most common cause of death. Conclusions： Head injury is frequent among victims in the province we studied. This situation may be related to the victims＇ low socioeconomic status and little education regarding traffic laws leading to speeding and disregard of these laws along with their weak enforcement.

关键词： Accidents, traffic Motorcycles Iran

WO_(3) passivation layer-coated nanostructured TiO_(2): An efficient defect engineered photoelectrode for dye sensitized solar cell

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第5期42卷 91-98页

作者： arya Babu arya Vasanth Shantikumar Nair Mariyappan Shanmugam Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamKochiKerala-682041India

Major loss factors for photo-generated electrons due to the presence of surface defects in titanium dioxide(Ti O_2)were controlled by RF-sputtered tungsten trioxide(WO_3) passivation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assured the coating of WO3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer by showing Ti 2 p, W 4 f and O 1 s characteristic peaks and were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The coating of WO_3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer did not affect dye adsorption significantly. Dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) fabricated using WO_3-coated Ti O_2 showed an enhancement of ~10% compared to DSSCs fabricated using pristine Ti O_2-based photo-electrodes. It is attributed to the WO_3 passivation on Ti O_2 that creates an energy barrier which favored photo-electron injection by tunneling but blocked reverse electron recombination pathways towards holes available in highest occupied molecular orbital of the dye molecules. It was further evidenced that there is an optimum thickness(duration of coating) of WO_3 to improve the DSSC performance and longer duration of WO_3 suppressed photo-electron injection from dye to Ti O_2 as inferred from the detrimental effect in short circuit current density values. RF-sputtering yields pinhole-free,highly uniform and conformal coating of WO_3 onto any area of interest, which can be considered for an effective surface passivation for nanostructured photovoltaic devices.

关键词： charge transport recombination tungsten oxide solar cell interface defects

Performance Analysis of Thermoacoustic Refrigerator of 10 W Cooling Power Made up of Poly-Vinyl-Chloride for Different Parallel Plate Stacks by Using Helium as a Working Fluid

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第6期30卷 2037-2055页

作者： N V Shivakumara BHEEMSHA arya Department of Mechanical Engineering BMS College of EngineeringBengaluru 560019India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government PolytechnicChannasandraBengaluru 560067India

Refrigerants are usually provided in the conventional refrigeration system although the refrigerants produce Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)and Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs),which are hazardous to the ***,these disadvantages can be overcome by using air or inert gas in the thermoacoustic refrigeration *** the present experimental work,helium is used as a working gas with an operating pressure range of 0.2 MPa to 1.0 MPa in order to study the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerator(TAR)which is fabricated using Poly-Vinyl-Chloride(PVC).The parallel plate stacks with different porosity ratios have been considered to study the performance of *** temperature difference between the hot and cold heat exchanger and acoustic dynamic pressure were recorded by using Bruel and Kjaer data acquisition system under different operating *** effect of different operating parameters such as operating frequency(200 Hz to 600 Hz),cooling load(2 W to 10 W)and drive ratio(0.6%to 1.6%)have also been considered to study the performance of *** TAR also modeled in DeltaEC software and the results are compared with the experimental outcomes and found to be in good *** experimental results show that-2.1℃is the lowest temperature measured at cold heat exchanger by achieving the highest temperature difference of about 32.9℃.An improvement is around 36%as compared to that of previous experiments that used aluminium *** highest Coefficient of Performance(COP)and the Relative Coefficient of Performance(COPR)are found to be 2.024 and 0.217,respectively.

关键词： thermoacoustic refrigerator parallel plate stack porosity ratio temperature difference COP COPR

Design and Energy Estimation of QCA Based Simple Data Path Selector Cum Router Unit for Nano Communication

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China Communications 2022年第11期19卷 231-240页

作者： Angshuman Khan Rajeev arya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaBihar 800005India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering University of Engineering and ManagementJaipurRajasthan 303807India

Quantum dot cellular automata(QCA)is promising nanotechnology due to the three main advantages:faster speed,nanoscale size,and ultrasmall power *** paper proposed a simple data path selector cum router as the‘multiplexerchannel-demultiplexer’unit using QCA,an unavoidable building block of nano communication.A Simple 2×2 block and the extended 4×4 block of data path selectors have been proposed in this *** layouts of the proposed designs have been verified in QCADesigner,and the energy dissipation has been evaluated using two tools,QCAPro and QCQDesigner-E(QDE).The suggested designs reached a significant improvement in cell complexity(cell count)and covered area over the existing *** precise,the proposed 2×2(4×4)block shows 86%(63%)lower cell complexity and 87%(37%)smaller area than the prior reported similar *** addition,the currently reported 2×2(4×4)unit has 86%(60%)lower QDE based energy dissipation compared with prior reported designs.

关键词： nanocommunication quantum dot cellular automata router switch

UAV Clustering Scheme for FANETs using Elbow-Hybrid Metaheuristic Techniques

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第9期38卷 321-337页

作者： Kundan Kumar Rajeev arya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaPatna800005India

Great strides have been made to realistically deploy multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)within the commercial domain,which demands a proper coordination and reliable communication among the *** suffer from limited time of *** techniques suffer from high delay,low throughput,and early node death due to aerial topology of UAV *** deal with these issues,this paper proposes a UAV parameter vector which considers node energy,channel state information and mobility of *** intelligently estimating the proposed parameter,the state of UAV can be predicted ***,efficient clustering may be achieved by using suitable metaheuristic *** the current work,Elbow method has been used to determine optimal cluster count in the deployed *** proposed UAV parameter vector is then integrated into two popular hybrid metaheuristic algorithms,namely,water cycle-moth flame optimization(WCMFO)and Grey Wolf-Particle Swarm optimization(GWPSO),thereby enhancing the lifespan of the system.A methodology based on the holistic approach of parameter and signal formulation,estimation model for intelligent clustering,and statistical parameters for performance analysis is carried out by the energy consumption of the network and the alive node *** simulations are run to demonstrate node density variations to validate the theoretical developments for various proportions of network system *** proposed method presents significant improvement over conventional stateof-the-art methods.

关键词： Clustering elbow method hybrid UAVs FANETs energy consumption

Habitat preferences and nest site selection by sympatric populations of Middle Spotted Woodpecker(Dendrocoptes medius) and Syrian Woodpecker(Dendrocopos syriacus) in natural mountain forests of Southwest Iran

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 81-90页

作者： arya Shafaeipour Jerzy Michalczuk Behzad Fathinia Department of Biology Yasouj UniversityYasujIran Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of RzeszowZelwerowicza 435-601RzeszowPoland

We examined habitat preferences and nesting requirements of sympatric populations of Middle Spotted Woodpecker(Dendrocoptes medius) and Syrian Woodpecker(Dendrocopos syriacus).We carried out our study in 2015–2018 in natural mountain forests of Southwest *** compared selected features of nesting,territory,and outside territory tree stands of the studied *** Middle Spotted Woodpecker occupied only oak forests,but the Syrian Woodpecker inhabited heterogenic forests that included the preferred tree of this species,the Mount Atlas *** recorded that in the breeding territories of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker,a greater area covered by tree crowns,as well as a larger number of trees,and a larger trunk basal area were observed in comparison to the territories occupied by the more plastic Syrian *** habitat preferences demonstrated by both species could be a result of the selection of tree stands that provide the necessary food resources for each woodpecker *** of Syrian Woodpecker to use heterogenic forest stands including tree species that produce fruits and as Mount Atlas Mastic trees,which likely allowed this species to colonise in Asia and Europe non-forest tree stands as orchards or *** results showed that poor tree condition and large tree trunk dimensions had a positive impact on the selection of nesting sites by both *** presence of trees with large trunk dimensions was associated with multiple years of use of woodpecker breeding sites in the studied *** habitats in suitable condition for both studied woodpeckers can be achieved by preserving natural forests in the mountain regions of Iran.

关键词： Habitat conservation Nesting requirements Primary cavity nesters Species co-occurrence

Locally varying geostatistical machine learning for spatial prediction

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2024年第1期5卷 28-45页

作者： Francky Fouedjio Emet arya Rio Tinto Data&Analytics152-158 St Georges TerracePerthWA 6000Australia Kaplan Business School Pty Ltd Perth Campus1325 Hay StWest PerthWA6005Australia Edith Cowan University School of Science270 Joondalup DriveJoondalupWA 6027Australia

Machine learning methods dealing with the spatial auto-correlation of the response variable have garnered significant attention in the context of spatial ***,under these methods,the relationship between the response variable and explanatory variables is assumed to be homogeneous throughout the entire study *** assumption,known as spatial stationarity,is very questionable in real-world situations due to the influence of contextual ***,allowing the relationship between the target variable and predictor variables to vary spatially within the study region is more ***,existing machine learning techniques accounting for the spatially varying relationship between the dependent variable and the predictor variables do not capture the spatial auto-correlation of the dependent variable ***,under these techniques,local machine learning models are effectively built using only fewer observations,which can lead to well-known issues such as over-fitting and the curse of *** paper introduces a novel geostatistical machine learning approach where both the spatial auto-correlation of the response variable and the spatial non-stationarity of the regression relationship between the response and predictor variables are explicitly *** basic idea consists of relying on the local stationarity assumption to build a collection of local machine learning models while leveraging on the local spatial auto-correlation of the response variable to locally augment the training *** proposed method’s effectiveness is showcased via experiments conducted on synthetic spatial data with known characteristics as well as real-world spatial *** the synthetic(***)case study,the proposed method’s predictive accuracy,as indicated by the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)on the test set,is 17%(resp.7%)better than that of popular machine learning methods dealing with the response variable’s spatial auto-correla

关键词： Data augmentation Geostatistics Local stationarity Machine learning Conditional simulation Spatial auto-correlation Spatial non-stationarity Spatial uncertainty

Digitally controlled oscillator design with a variable capacitance XOR gate

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第10期32卷 86-92页

作者： Manoj Kumar Sandeep K.arya Sujata Pandey Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and TechnologyHisarIndia Amity University NoidaIndia

A digitally controlled oscillator（DCO） using a three-transistor XOR gate as the variable load has been presented.A delay cell using an inverter and a three-transistor XOR gate as the variable capacitance is also proposed. Three-,five- and seven-stage DCO circuits have been designed using the proposed delay *** output frequency is controlled digitally with bits applied to the delay *** three-bit DCO shows output frequency and power consumption variation in the range of 3.2486-4.0267 GHz and 0.6121-0.3901 mW,respectively,with a change in the control word *** five-bit DCO achieves frequency and power of 1.8553-2.3506 GHz and 1.0202-0.6501 mW,respectively,with a change in the control word ***,the seven-bit DCO shows a frequency and power consumption variation of 1.3239-1.6817 GHz and 1.4282-0.9102 mW,respectively, with a varying control word *** power consumption and output frequency of the proposed circuits have been compared with earlier reported circuits and the present approaches show significant improvements.

关键词： digital control oscillator delay cell power consumption variable capacitance voltage controlled oscillators XOR gate

Control of UPQC Based on Steady State Linear Kalman Filter for Compensation of Power Quality Problems

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2020年第2期6卷 52-65页

作者： Sayed Javed Alam Sabha Raj arya Department of Electrical Engineering Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of TechnologySuart 395007India

A frequency lock loop(FLL)based steady state linear Kalman filter(SSLKF)for unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)control in three-phase systems is *** SSLKF provides a highly accurate and fast estimation of grid frequency and the fundamental components(FCs)of the input *** Kalman filter is designed using an optimized filtering technique and intrinsic adaptive bandwidth architecture,and is easily integrated into a multiple model ***,the Kalman state estimator is fast and *** fundamental positive sequence components(FPSCs)of the grid voltages in a UPQC system are estimated via these SSLKF-FLL based *** estimation of reference signals for a UPQC controller is based on these ***,both active filters of a UPQC can perform one and more functions towards improving power quality in a distribution *** addition to the SSLKF-FLL based algorithm,a bat optimization algorithm(based on the echolocation phenomenon of bats)is implemented to estimate the value of the proportional integral(PI)controller *** bat algorithm has a tendency to automatically zoom into a region where a promising alternative solution occurs,preventing the solution from becoming trapped in a local *** complete three-phase UPQC is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink platform and the hardware is tested under various power quality problems.

关键词： Damping factor echo-location FPSC harmonics ITSE SSLKF-FLL power quality