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Global assessment of nitrogen fertilizer:The SCOPE/IGBP Nitrogen Fertilizer Rapid Assessment Project

Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z2期48卷 759-766页

作者： arvin R.mosier J.Keith Syers John R.Freney Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL 32611USA Mae Fah Luang University Chaiang Rai Thailand CSIRO Plant Industry ACT 2601 Australia

Nitrogen (N) availability is a key role in food and fiber production. Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human *** continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems, significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems. There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment. Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment, and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer *** address this important issue, a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer (NFRAP) was conducted by SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) during late 2003 and early 2004. This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI). As part of this assessment, a successful international workshop was held in Kampala, Uganda on 12 -16 January, 2004. This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems, with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the *** of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China. The results of the assessment are presented in a book (SCOPE 65)which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer.

关键词： crop production, environmental quality, nitrate leaching, soil fertility.

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A Credit System to Solve Agricultural Nitrogen Pollution

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The Innovation 2021年第1期2卷 1-2页

作者： Baojing Gu Hans J.M.van Grinsven Shu KeeLam Oene Oenema Mark A.Sutton arvin mosier Deli Chen College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058PR China Policy Simulation Laboratory Zhejiang University310058 HangzhouChina Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency(PBL) Postbus 30314The Netherlands School of Agriculture and Food The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010 Australia Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands NERC Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Bush EstatePenicuikEH260QBUK

Increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer have been used in agriculture during the last decades to boost food production for the increasing global human *** marked increase in reactive nitrogen use has also contributed to severe nitrogen pollution and multiple impacts on human and ecosystems'health.1 Nitrogen is an important precursor to air pollution(e.g.,fine particulate matter,near-surface ozone),water pollution(algal blooms,nitrate contamination),biodiversity loss(nitrogen deposition and eutrophication),soil acidification(ammonium fertilizer use),and global warming(nitrous oxide).2 Agricultural nitrogen pollution has decreased in some high-income countries,such as those in the European Union(EU),during the last decades,but the remaining nitrogen pollution still causes serious *** societal cost of nitrogen pollution by agriculture in the EU has been estimated to range from V35 to V230 billion per year and this cost appears to be greater than the farm profits from nitrogen fertilizer use,which range from V20 to V80 billion per year.3 Socioeconomic trade-offs between farmers and society need to be introduced to decrease nitrogen pollution.

关键词： pollution cost income

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