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Imaging of the pediatric thymus:Clinicoradiologic approach

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2017年第1期6卷 10-23页

作者： Smita Manchanda Ashu S Bhalla Manisha Jana arun K gupta Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical Sciences

The thymus is a lymphatic organ that undergoes dynamic changes with age and *** is important to be familiar with these physiological changes in the thymus gland to be able to identify pathology and make an accurate *** thymus may be involved in multisystem disorders or show focal isolated *** aim of this article is to review the radiological anatomy of the thymus,normal variants,and pathology including hyperplasia and benign/malignant lesions involving the thymus gland in the pediatric age *** also propose an algorithmic approach for imaging evaluation of a suspected thymic mass on the basis of morphologic features.

关键词： Thymus Pediatric Thymus hyperplasia Thymus neoplasms Mediastinum

Thermal Effect on Vibration of Parallelogram Plate of Bi-Direction Linearly Varying Thickness

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Applied Mathematics 2011年第1期2卷 33-38页

作者： arun K. gupta Manoj Kumar Sanjay Kumar Anupam Khanna 不详

In this paper, the effect of thermal gradient on the vibration of parallelogram plate with linearly varying thickness in both direction having clamped boundary conditions on all the four edges is analyzed. Thermal effect on vibration of such plate has been taken as one-dimensional distribution in linear form only. An approximate but quiet convenient frequency equation is derived using Rayleigh-Ritz technique with a two-term deflection function. The frequencies corresponding to the first two modes of vibration of a clamped parallelogram plate have been computed for different values of aspect ratio, thermal gradient, taper constants and skew angle. The results have been presented in tabular forms. The results obtained in this study are reduced to that of unheated parallelogram plates of uniform thickness and have generally been compared with the published one.

关键词： Parallelogram Plate Vibration Thermal Gradient Linearly Thickness Both Directions

CT patterns of nodal disease in pediatric chest tuberculosis

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World Journal of Radiology 2011年第1期3卷 17-23页

作者： Amar Mukund Rashmi Khurana Ashu S Bhalla arun K gupta Sushil K Kabra Department of Radiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

AIM:To highlight various patterns of nodal involvement and post treatment changes in pediatric chest tuberculosis based on contrast enhanced computed tomography(CECT) scans of ***:This was a retrospective study consisting of 91 patients aged less than 17 years,who attended Paediatrics OPD of All India Institute of Medical Sciences with clinically diagnosed tuberculosis or with chest radiographs suggestive of chest *** patients had an initial chest radiograph as well as CECT of the chest and follow up imaging after 6 mo,and in some cases 9 mo,of completion of anti-tubercular treatment(ATT).CECT of these patients was reviewed for the location and extent of nodal involvement along with determination of site,size,enhancement pattern and ***:Enlargement of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes was found in 88/91 patients(96.7%),with the most common locations being paratracheal(84.1%),and subcarinal(76.1%).The most common pattern of enhancement was found to be *** nodes were conglomerate in 56.8% and discrete in 43.2%.In addition,perinodal fat was obscured in 84.1% of *** the post-treatment scan,there was 87.4% reduction in the size of the *** nodes post-treatment were discrete and homogenous with perinodal fat *** was found both pre-and post-treatment,but there was an increase in incidence after treatment(41.7%).There was hence a reduction in size,change in enhancement pattern,and appearance of perinodal fat with ***:Tubercular nodes have varied appearance and enhancement *** and obscuration of perinodal fat suggest *** residual nodes decision to continue ATT requires clinical correlation.

关键词： Tuberculosis Lymph nodes Contrast enhanced computed tomography

Extraction of Keratin Protein from Chicken Feather

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2012年第8期6卷 732-737页

作者： arun gupta Nuruldiyanah Bimi Kamarudin Chua Yeo Gek Kee Rosli Bin Mohd Yunus Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering University Malaysia Pahang Gambang Campus Pahang 25100 Malaysia

The present research was conducted to extract keratin protein from chicken feathers. Protein is an important nutrient needed by our body to maintain body structures and is an important ingredient for cosmetic products. Chicken feathers have high level of keratin protein content and can become a suitable protein source. The main processes involved are first dissolving chicken feathers using different reducing agents and later on separating the protein from chemicals. Reducing agents used are potassium cyanide, thioglycolic acid and sodium sulphide. Once the feathers are dissolved using reducing agents, ammonium sulfate solution is added to the solution for the precipitation of protein. The precipitated protein is washed with water several times and sodium hydroxide solution is used to obtain protein back in the solution form. Out of three different reducing agents used, sodium sulfide gives the highest efficiency in dissolving chicken feathers since the feathers are dissolved in a very short period of time. The percentage of keratin protein is evaluated by means of biuret test and FTIR analysis. The analysis by FTIR confirmed the presence of carboxyl acid and amino groups in the protein solution. The biuret test helps in determining the concentration of protein obtained from different methods. Thus these two tests confirm the presence of protein in the solution. From this research, it can be concluded that protein can be extracted from chicken feathers. The keratin protein solution can be used for several purposes such as anti-aging cream, shampoo, and conditioner and for medical purposes such as bone replacement and bone graft.

关键词： Chicken feather reducing agents protein precipitation analysis.

Skeletal dysplasias: A radiographic approach and review of common non-lethal skeletal dysplasias

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第10期6卷 808-825页

作者： Ananya Panda Shivanand Gamanagatti Manisha Jana arun Kumar gupta Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 110029 India

Skeletal dysplasias are not uncommon entities and a radiologist is likely to encounter a suspected case of dysplasia in his practice. The correct and early diagnosis of dysplasia is important for management of complications and for future genetic counselling. While there is an exhaustive classification system on dysplasias, it is important to be familiar with the radiological features of common dysplasias. In this article, we enumerate a radiographic approach to skeletal dysplasias, describe the essential as well as differentiating features of common non-lethal skeletal dysplasias and conclude by presenting working algorithms to either definitively diagnose a particular dysplasia or suggest the most likely differential diagnoses to the referring clinician and thus direct further workup of the patient.

关键词： Skeletal dysplasia Short limb dwarfism Rhizomelia Radiograph Skeletal survey Review Spondylopepiphyseal dysplasia Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia Achondroplasia Algorithm Approach

Diffusion weighted imaging in gynecological malignancies-present and future

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World Journal of Radiology 2016年第3期8卷 288-297页

作者： Dinesh Manoharan Chandan J Das Ankita Aggarwal arun K gupta Department of Radiology Diagnosis All India Institute of Medical Science

The management of gynaecological malignancies has undergone a significant change in recent years with our improved understanding of cancer biogenetics, development of new treatment regimens and enhanced screening. Due to the rapid blooming of newer methods and techniques in gynaecology, surgery and oncology the scope and the role of imaging has also widened. Functional imaging in the form of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) has been recently found to be very useful in assessing various tumours. Its ability to identify changes in the molecular level has dramatically changed the diagnostic approach of radiologists which was solely based on morphological criteria. It can improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging, lend a hand in assessing tumour response to treatment regimens and detect tumour recurrence with better spatial resolution, negative radiation and diagnostic accuracy compared to positron emission tomography scan. The ability to quantify the diffusion has also lead to potential prediction of tumour aggressiveness and grade which directly correlate with the patient prognosis and management. Hence, it has become imperative for a radiologist to understand the concepts of DWI and its present and evolving role. In this article we present a brief description of the basics of DWI followed by its role in evaluation of female gynaecological malignancies.

关键词： Diffusion weighted imaging Female pelvis Magnetic resonance imaging Gynaecology Malignancy

MRI in central nervous system infections: A simplified patterned approach

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第9期6卷 716-725页

作者： Krithika Rangarajan Chandan J Das Atin Kumar arun Kumar gupta Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesAnsari Nagar East

Recognition and characterization of central nervous system infections poses a formidable challenge to the *** plays a vital role,the lesions typically being relatively inaccessible to tisue *** results of an accurate diagnosis are endlessly re-warding,given the availability of excellent pharmaco-logical *** availability of numerous magnetic resonance(MR)sequences which provide functional and molecular information is a powerful tool in the hands of the ***,the plethora of se-quences and the possibilities on each sequence is also intimidating,and often confusing as well as time *** a large number of reviews have already described in detail the possible imaging findings in each infection,we intend to classify infections based on their imaging *** this review we describe an algorithm for first classifying the imaging findings into patterns based on basic MR sequences(T1,T2 and enhancement pattern with Gadolinium),and then sub-classify them based on more advanced molecular and functional sequences(Diffusion,Perfusion,Susceptibili-ty imaging,MR Spectroscopy).This patterned approachis intended as a guide to radiologists in-training and in-practice for quickly narrowing their list of differentials when faced with a clinical *** entire content of the article has also been summarised in the form of flow-charts for the purpose of quick reference.

关键词： Central nervous system Infection Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging Diffu-sion weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Radiological interventions in malignant biliary obstruction

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World Journal of Radiology 2016年第5期8卷 518-529页

作者： Kumble Seetharama Madhusudhan Shivanand Gamanagatti Deep Narayan Srivastava arun Kumar gupta Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Malignant biliary obstruction is commonly caused by gall bladder carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic nodes. Percutaneous interventions play an important role in managing these patients. Biliary drainage, which forms the major bulk of radiological interventions, can be pal iative in inoperable patients or pre-operative to improve liver function prior to surgery. Other interventions include cholecystostomy and radiofrequency ablation. We present here the indications, contraindications, technique and complications of the radiological interventions performed in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.

关键词： Biliary obstruction Biliary malignancy Biliary drainage Cholecystostomy Biliary interventions Interventional radiology

Perfusion computed tomography in renal cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Radiology 2015年第7期7卷 170-179页

作者： Chandan J Das Usha Thingujam Ananya Panda Sanjay Sharma arun Kumar gupta Department of Radiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Various imaging modalities are available for the diagnosis, staging and response evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC). While contrast enhanced computed tomography(CT) is used as the standard of imaging for size, morphological evaluation and response assessment in RCC, a new functional imaging technique like perfusion CT(p CT), goes down to the molecular level and provides new perspectives in imaging of RCC. p CT depicts regional tumor perfusion and vascular permeability which are indirect parameters of tumor angiogenesis and thereby provides vital information regarding tumor microenvironment. Also response evaluation using p CT may predate the size criteria used in Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, as changes in the perfusion occurs earlier following tissue kinase inhibitors before any actual change in size. This may potentially help in predicting prognosis, better selection of therapy and more accurate and better response evaluation in patients with RCC. This article describes the techniques and role of p CT in staging and response assessment in patients with RCCs.

关键词： Angiogenesis Anti-angiogenic therapy Perfusion computed tomography Renal cell carcinoma