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Assessment and Development of Two Phase Turbulent Mixing Models for Subchannel Analysis Relevant to BWR

World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2014年第4期4卷 195-207页

作者： Mohit P. Sharma arun k. nayak Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Reactor Engineering Division Mumbai India

Determination of turbulent mixing rate of two phase flow between neighboring subchannels is an important aspect of sub channel analysis in reactor rod bundles. Various models have been developed for two phase turbulent mixing rate between subchannels. These models show that turbulent mixing rate is strongly dependent on flow regimes;their validity was examined against specific or limited experiments. It is vital to evaluate these models by comparing the predicted two phase turbulent mixing rate with available experimental data conducted for various subchannel geometries and operating conditions. This paper describes evaluation of different models for two phase turbulent mixing rate for both gas and liquid phase against large range of experimental data which are obtained from various subchannel geometries. The results indicate that there is large discrepancy between the predicted and experimental data for turbulent mixing rate. This paper provides important shortcoming of the previous work.and need for the development of a new model. In the view of this, a two phase flow model is presented, which predicts both liquid and gas phase turbulent mixing rate between adjacent sub channels of reactor rod bundles. The model presented here is for slug churn flow regime, which is dominant as compared to the other regimes lik. bubbly flow and annular flow regimes, since turbulent mixing rate is the highest in slug churn flow regime. The present model has been tested against low pressure and temperature air-water and high pressure and temperature steam-water experimental data found that it shows good agreement with available experimental data.

关键词： Subchannel Analysis Two Phase Turbulent Mixing Model Turbulent Mixing Rate

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Experimental Investigation on Fuel Coolant Interaction Using Simulant Ceramic Melts in Water: Insights and Conclusions

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2020年第4期10卷 139-157页

作者： Nitendra Singh arun k. nayak Parimal P. k.lk.rni Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Reactor Engineering Division Mumbai India

Steam explosion is one of the crucial and poorly understood phenomena which may occur during severe accident scenario and may lead to containment failure. In spite of several experimental and analytical studies, the root cause of steam explosion has not been understood. Recent claims in the literature suggest that the presence of fine fragmentation during steam explosion causes its occurrence. In order to investigate this and understand the root cause of steam explosion, series of experiments were performed with 50 g to 2500 g of CaO-B2O3, a corium simulant in 4.5 litre of water. It was observed that steam explosion may occur even in the absence of fine fragments, which is contrary to the claims in the literature. To investigate further, conversion efficiency analysis was performed. This suggested that the amount of thermal energy converted to mechanical energy is more important deciding factor in explaining the occurrence of steam explosion. The present study discusses the importance of conversion efficiency in deciding steam explosion and also gives a new perspective to look.at steam explosion phenomenology.

关键词： Severe Accident Core Catcher Steam Explosion Fuel Coolant Interaction Fragmentation

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Optimal timing for plastic surgical procedures for common congenital anomalies:A review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 38-61页

作者： Aak.nk.ha Goel arun Goel Divine Aesthetic Surgery New Delhi 110048India Department of Plastic Surgery Lok Nayak Hospital and Associated Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India

Apart from listening to the cry of a healthy newborn,it is the declaration by the attending paediatrician in the labour room that the child is normal which brings utmost joy to *** global incidence of children born with congenital anomalies has been reported to be 3%-6%with more than 90%of these occurring in low-and middle-income group *** exact percentages/total numbers of children requiring surgical treatment cannot be estimated for several *** children are operated under several surgical disciplines,viz,paediatric-,plastic reconstructive,neuro-,cardiothoracic-,orthopaedic surgery *** conditions may be life-threatening,e.g.,trachea-oesophageal fistula,critical pulmonary stenosis,*** require immediate surgical ***,e.g.,hydrocephalus,may need intervention as soon as the patient is fit for ***,e.g.,patent ductus arteriosus need‘wait and watch’policy up to a certain age in the hope of spontaneous *** extremely important category is that of patients where the operative intervention is done based on their *** all the congenital anomalies coming under care of a plastic surgeon are operated as elective surgery(many as multiple stages of correction)at appropriate *** are advantages and disadvantages of intervention at different *** this article,we present a review of optimal timings,along with reasoning,for surgery of many of the common congenital anomalies which are treated by plastic ***,paediatricians and general practitioners/family physicians,who most often are the first ones to come across such children,must k.ow to guide the parents appropriately and convincingly impress upon the them as to why their child should not be operated immediately and also the consequences of too soon or too late.

关键词： Plastic surgery Congenital anomalies Pediatric plastic surgery Facial cleft Microtia Vascular anomalies Syndactyly Hypospadias Optimal timing Pediatric surgery

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Association of hypoglycaemia in screening oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy with low birth weight fetus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第5期10卷 304-310页

作者： Ananth U nayak arun M A Vijay Radha Indusek.ar Sushuma k.lidindi Venk.ta M k.treddy Lak.hminarayanan Varadhan Combined Antenatal Diabetes Clinic University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust

BACk.ROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is a common metabolic derangement in pregnant women. In the women identified to be at high risk.of GDM, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) at 24-28 wk.gestation is the recommended screening test in the United k.ngdom as per National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE). Hypoglycaemia following the glucose load is often encountered and the implication of this finding for the pregnancy, fetus and clinical care is *** To determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia at any time during the screening OGTT and explore its association with birth *** All deliveries between 2009 and 2013 at the local maternity unit of the University hospital were reviewed. Of the total number of 24,154 women without preexisting diabetes, those who had an OGTT for GDM screening based on NICE recommended risk.stratification, who had a singleton delivery and had complete clinical and demographic data for analysis, were included for this study(n =3537). Blood samples for fasting plasma glucose(FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose(2-h PG) and HbA1 c had been obtained. Birth weight was categorised as low(≤ 2500 g), normal or Macrosomia(≥ 4500 g) and blood glucose ≤ 3.5 mmol/L was used to define hypoglycaemia. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association of various independent factors with dichotomized variables; the differences between frequencies/proportions by χ~2 test and comparison between group means was by one-way *** Amongst the study cohort(3537 deliveries), 96(2.7%) women had babies with LBW(< 2500 g). Women who delivered a LBW baby had significantly lower FPG(4.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L, P = 0.001). The proportion of women who had a 2-h PG ≤ 3.5 mmol/L in the LBW cohort was significantly higher compared to the cohorts with normal and macrosomic babies(8.3% vs 2.8% vs 4.2%; P = 0.007). The factors which predicted LBW were FPG, Asian ethnicity and 2-h PG ≤ 3.5 mmol/L,whereas maternal age, 2-h PG ≥ 7.8 mm

关键词： Hypoglycemia Glucose tolerance test Low birth weight Pregnancy

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Oxytocin versus Methylergometrine in the Active Management of Third Stage of Labour

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第11期4卷 666-671页

作者： Ajantha Boopathi Sujir Radhak.ishnan nayak arun Rao Bharathi Rao Andal Hospital Cuddalore India Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent of Manipal University) Mangalore India

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oxytocin versus Methylergometrine in active management of third stage of labour in reducing risk.of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: This study was carried out by randomly assigning into two groups with 150 women in each group.?Group 1 included patients who received injection Oxytocin 10 IU intramuscular within one minute of the birth of the baby. Injection?Methylergometrine?(0.2 mg) was given intravenously at the delivery of anterior shoulder of the baby to women in Group 2. Outcome measures were the duration of third stage, blood loss, pre and post-delivery hematocrit, side effects and incidence of PPH. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test, Fischers test, Mann Whitney test, and t test. p k. nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure were significantly higher in women in Group 2 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Methylergometrine is more effective than Oxytocin in reducing the duration of third stage of labour and blood loss but has significant side effects lik. nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure.

关键词： AMTSL—Active Management of Third Stage of Labour DBP—Diastolic Blood Pressure PCV—Pack.d Cell Volume PPH—Post Partum Hemorrhage SBP—Systolic Blood Pressure

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