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Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： moawiah m.Naffaa Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

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mitochondria–cGAS–STING axis is a potential therapeutic target for senescence-dependent inflammaging-associated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 805-807页

作者： Josém.Izquierdo Centro de Biología molecular Severo Ochoa(CBm) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(CSIC-UAM)MadridSpain

The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of pre... 详细信息

关键词： Latin potential lasting

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Brain-penetrating neurotrophic factor mimetics: HER-096 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1094-1095页

作者： Natalia Kulesskaya Kira m.Holmström Henri J.Huttunen Herantis Pharma Plc EspooFinland

Neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases:A major unmet need in the field of central nervous system diseases is disease-modifying *** for decades there have been various symptomatic treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of the disease,disease-modification,*** that stop,significantly delay,or reverse the progression of the disease,has been turned out to a difficult goal to achieve.

关键词： diseases treatment therapeutic

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Experimental model standardizing polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel to simulate endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasoundelastography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第34期26卷 5169-5180页

作者： Elymir S Galvis-García Sergio Sobrino-Cossío arturo Reding-Bernal Yesica Contreras-marín Karina Solórzano-acevedo Patricia González-Zavala Rosa m Quispe-Siccha Unidad de Endoscopía Gastrointestinal Hospital General de México"Dr.Eduardo Liceaga"Mexico 06720Mexico Unidad de Endoscopia y Fisiología Digestiva HospitalÁngeles del PedregalMexico 10700Mexico Dirección de Investigación Hospital General de México“Dr.Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico 06720Mexico Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Instituto Politécnico Nacional and Hospital General de México"Dr.Eduardo Liceaga"Mexico 06720Mexico Instituto de Investigaciones en materiales and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Hospital General de México"Dr.Eduardo Liceaga"Mexico 06720Mexico Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Hospital General de México"Dr.Eduardo Liceaga"Mexico 06720Mexico

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)and endoscopic ultrasound elastography(EUS-E)simulation lessens the learning curve;however,models lack realism,diminishing *** To standardize the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel for simulating organs and digestive *** PVA hydrogel(Sigma Aldrich,degree of hydrolysis 99%)for simulating EUS/EUS-E lesions was investigated in Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico at Hospital General de méxico“*** Liceaga”,mexico *** evaluated physical,contrast,elasticity and deformation coefficient characteristics in lesions,applying Kappa’s concordance and satisfaction questionnaire(Likert 4-points).RESULTS PVA hydrogel showed stable mechanical *** depended on molecular weight(mW)and concentration(C).PVA bblocks with the greatest density showed lowest tensile strength(r=-0.8,P=0.01).Lesions were EUSgraphically *** and heterogeneous examples were created from PVA blocks or PVA phantoms,exceeding(mW2=146000-186000,C9=15%and C10=20%)with a density under(mW1=85000-124000,C1=7%and C2=9%).We calculated elasticity and deformation parameters of solid(blue)areas,contrasting with the norm(Kappa=0.8;high degree of satisfaction).CONCLUSION PVA hydrogels were appropriate for simulating organs and digestive lesions using EUS/EUS-E,facilitating practice and reducing *** amplified skills,while reducing the learning curve.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound simulators in endoscopy Polyvinyl alcohol Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopic ultrasound elastography Strain Elasticity

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Search for microglia-specific peptides:advances in the discovery toolbox

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 471-472页

作者： Ivan Sarabia Kyle m.Koss Department of Surgery University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory states in the central nervous system(CNS)are the hallmark of neurodegenerative pathology and every injury or stroke-related *** key mediators of these neuroinflammatory states are glial cells known as microglia,the resident immune cell at the core of the inflammatory event,and astroglia,which encapsulate inflammatory insults in proteoglycan-rich scar *** gliotic scar blocks significant portions of healthy axonal networking,preventing *** most neuroinflammation is exclusively based on the responses of said microglia,their phenotypes are suggested to follow those of macrophages;m1 and m2 are opposites of pro-and ***,microglial phenotypes have been identified to be on an inflammatory spectrum encompassing developmental,homeostatic,and reparative behaviors as opposed to their ability to affect devastating cell death cascades and scar tissue formation.

关键词： inflammation pathology death

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SBL-JP-0004: A promising dual inhibitor of JAK2 and PI3KCD against gastric cancer

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Oncology research 2025年第1期33卷 235-243页

作者： Hassan m Otifi Department of Pathology College of Medicine King Khalid University Abha 62521 Saudi Arabia.

Background:Gastric cancer (GC) remains a global health burden and is often characterized by heterogeneous molecular profiles and resistance to conventional therapies. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase and PI3K and Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways play pivotal roles in GC progression, making them attractive targets for therapeutic interventions.methods:This study applied a computational and molecular dynamics simulation approach to identify and characterize SBL-JP-0004 as a potential dual inhibitor of JAK2 and PI3KCD kinases. KATOIII and SNU-5 GC cells were used for evaluation.Results:SBL-JP-0004 exhibited a robust binding affinity for JAK2 and PI3KCD kinases, as evidenced by molecular docking scores and molecular dynamics simulations. Binding interactions and Gibbs binding free energy estimates confirmed stable and favorable interactions with target proteins. SBL-JP-0004 displayed an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) value of 118.9 nm against JAK2 kinase and 200.9 nm against PI3KCD enzymes. SBL-JP-0004 exhibited potent inhibition of cell proliferation in KATOIII and SNU-5 cells, with half-maximal growth inhibitory concentration (GI) values of 250.8 and 516.3 nm, respectively. A significant elevation in the early phase apoptosis (28.53% in KATOIII cells and 26.85% in SNU-5 cells) and late phase apoptosis (17.37% in KATOIII cells and 10.05% in SNU-5 cells) were observed with SBL-JP-0004 treatment compared to 2.1% and 2.83% in their respective controls.Conclusion:The results highlight SBL-JP-0004 as a promising dual inhibitor targeting JAK2 and PI3KCD kinases for treating GC and warrant further preclinical and clinical investigations to validate its utility in clinical settings.

关键词： Dual inhibition Gastric cancer (GC) JAK2 molecular docking molecular dynamics simulation PI3KCD SBL-JP-0004

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Emerging melt quality control solution technologies for aluminium melt

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China Foundry 2009年第4期6卷 358-365页

作者： arturo Pascual Foseco Foundry(China)Co. Ltd.2002 Leishing International Plaza1319 Yan'an RoadShanghaiChinaJr

The newly developed ＂mTS 1500＂ melt Treatment System is performing the specifically required melt treatment operations like degassing, cleaning, modification and/or grain refinement by an automated process in one step and at the same location. This linked process is saving time, energy and metal losses allowing - by automated dosage of the melt treatment agents - the production of a consistent melt quality batch after batch. By linking the mTS metal Treatment System with sensors operating on-line in the melt, i.e., with a hydrogen sensor ＂Alspek H＂, a fully automated control of parts of the process chain like degassing is possible. This technology does guarantee a pre-specified and documented melt quality in each melt treatment batch. Furthermore, to ensure that castings are consistent and predictable there is a growing realization that cdtical parameters such as metal cleanliness must be measured prior to casting. There exists accepted methods for measuring the cleanliness of an aluminum melt but these can be both slow and costly. A simple, rapid and meaningful method of measuring and bench marking the cleanliness of an aluminum melt has been developed to offer the foundry a practical method of measuring melt cleanliness. This paper shows the structure and performance of the integrated mTS melt treatment process and documents achieved melt quality standards after degassing, cleaning, modification and grain refinement operations under real foundry conditions. It also provides an insight on a melt cleanliness measuring device ＂Alspek mQ＂ to provide foundry men better tools in meeting the increasing quality and tighter specification demand from the industry.

关键词： melt quality aluminum casting melt treatment cleanliness measuring

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Nonlinear forced vibration in a subcritical regime of a porous functionally graded pipe conveying fluid with a retaining clip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 101-122页

作者： m.GHOLAmI m.EFTEKHARI Department of mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGm) that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip, focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics. The nonlinear governing equations for the FGm pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle, and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin *** direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations. A thorough analysis of various parameters, including the clip stiffness, the power-law index, the porosity, and the clip location, is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics. Through the analysis of the first natural frequency, the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness, while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of FGm composition. The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index, offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior. Furthermore, the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness, revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in FGm porous pipes with a retaining clip, providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.

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Introduction of Dr. Andrew V Schally

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 923-924页

作者： arturo m.ndoza-Valdes UROLOGO Hospital Medica Sur Puente dePiedra 150 T2-625 Col. Toriello Guerra Tlalpan14050Mexico DF.

Ifirst met Dr. Andrew V Schally （PhD, mDhc （multi）, DSc, Distinguished medical Research Scientist, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Professor of Pathology and Department of medicine, miller School of medicine, University of miami, miami, Florida, USA） many years ago, probably around the beginning of the 1990＇s in one of his visits to mexico City （Figure 1）. He has many friends in my country since some of the investigations that led to the development of the LHRH agonists were made in a couple of mexican hospitals in collaboration with some outstanding mexican physicians that I will mention later. In that time, I was the head of the Department of Urology of the mexican National Cancer Institute and our Director, Dr. Jaime de la Garza, invited him for a meeting. I was surprised by his humbleness, intelligence and easy going personality, in spite of being a Nobel Prize scientist.

关键词： Introduction Andrew Schally

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New determinants of prognosis in bacterial infections in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7252-7259页

作者： Juan acevedo Javier Fernández Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital of Calella08370 BarcelonaCatalunyaSpain Liver Unit Hospital ClínicUniversity of Barcelona08150 BarcelonaCatalunyaSpain Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS) 08036 BarcelonaSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHED) 08150 BarcelonaSpain

Despite major advances in the knowledge and management of liver diseases achieved in recent decades,decompensation of cirrhosis still carries a high burden of morbidity and *** infections are one of the main causes of *** is very important for clinical management to be aware of the population with the highest risk of poor *** review deals with the new determinants of prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections reported *** of multiresistant bacteria has led to an increasing failure rate of the standard empirical antibiotic therapy recommended by international ***,it has been recently reported that endothelial dysfunction is associated with the degree of liver dysfunction and,in infected patients,with the degree of *** has also been reported that relative adrenal insufficiency is frequent in the non-critically ill cirrhotic population and it is associated with a higher risk of developing infection,severe sepsis,hepatorenal syndrome and *** advise a change in the standard empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with high risk for multiresistant infections and also to take into account endothelial and adrenal dysfunction in prognostic models in hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

关键词： Bacterial infections Liver cirrhosis Drug resistance Bacterial Endothelial dysfunction Relative adrenal insufficiency

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