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Stand-level biomass models for predicting C stock for the main Spanish pine species

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 387-402页

作者： Ana Aguirre Miren del Río Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado Sonia condés Department of Natural Systems and Resources School of Forest Engineering and Natural ResourcesUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain INIA Forest Research CenterDepartment of Forest Dynamics and ManagementMadridSpain iuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid and INIAValladolidSpain

Background:National and international institutions periodically demand information on forest indicators that are used for global *** other aspects,the carbon accumulated in the biomass of forest species must be *** this purpose,one of the main sources of data is the National Forest Inventory(NFI),which together with statistical empirical approaches and updating procedures can even allow annual estimates of the requested ***:Stand level biomass models,relating the dry weight of the biomass with the stand volume were developed for the five main pine species in the Iberian Peninsula(Pinus sylvestris,Pinus pinea,Pinus halepensis,Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster).The dependence of the model on aridity and/or mean tree size was explored,as well as the importance of including the stand form factor to correct model ***,the capability of the models to estimate forest carbon stocks,updated for a given year,was also ***:The strong relationship between stand dry weight biomass and stand volume was modulated by the mean tree size,although the effect varied among the five pine *** humidity,measured using the Martonne aridity index,increased the biomass for a given volume in the cases of Pinus sylvestris,Pinus halepensis and Pinus *** that consider both mean tree size and stand form factor were more accurate and less biased than those that do *** models developed allow carbon stocks in the main Iberian Peninsula pine forests to be estimated at stand level with biases of less than 0.2 Mg·ha^(-1).Conclusions:The results of this study reveal the importance of considering variables related with environmental conditions and stand structure when developing stand dry weight biomass *** described methodology together with the models developed provide a precise tool that can be used for quantifying biomass and carbon stored in the Spanish pine forests in specific years when no field data are available.

关键词： Martonne aridity index Dry weight biomass Carbon stock National Forest Inventory Peninsular pine forest Biomass expansion factor

Introduction to investigations of the negative corona and EHD flow in gaseous two-phase fluids

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第5期20卷 147-156页

作者： Jerzy MIZERACZYK artur BERENDT Department of Marine Electronics Gdynia Maritime University Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences

Research interests have recently been directed towards electrical discharges in multi-phase *** electrical discharges,such as lightning and coronas,occur in the Earth＇s atmosphere,which is actually a mixture of gaseous phase（air） and suspended solid and liquid particulate matters（PMs）.An example of an anthropogenic gaseous multi-phase environment is the flow of flue gas through electrostatic precipitators（ESPs）,which are generally regarded as a mixture of a post-combustion gas with solid PM and microdroplets suspended in *** discharges in multi-phase environments,the knowledge of which is scarce,are becoming an attractive research subject,offering a wide variety of possible discharges and multi-phase environments to be *** paper is an introduction to electrical discharges in multi-phase *** is focused on DC negative coronas and accompanying electrohydrodynamic（EHD） flows in a gaseous two-phase fluid formed by air（a gaseous phase） and solid PM（a solid phase）,run under laboratory *** introduction is based on a review of the relevant *** cases will be considered：the first case is of a gaseous two-phase fluid,initially motionless in a closed chamber before being subjected to a negative corona（with the needle-toplate electrode arrangement）,which afterwards induces an EHD flow in the chamber,and the second,of a gaseous two-phase fluid flowing transversely with respect to the needle-to-plate electrode axis along a chamber with a corona discharge running between the *** review-based introductory paper should be of interest to theoretical researchers and modellers in the field of negative corona discharges in single-or two-phase fluids,and for engineers who work on designing EHD devices（such as ESPs,EHD pumps,and smoke detectors）.

关键词： DC negative corona discharge Trichel pulses gaseous two-phase flow air withsuspended particle flow ESP EHD

The Impact of Bed Temperature on Heat Transfer Characteristic between Fluidized Bed and Vertical Rifled Tubes

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第5期25卷 476-483页

作者： artur Blaszczuk Wojciech Nowak Czestochowa University of Technology Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies Dabrowskiego 73 AGH University Science and Technology Faculty of Energy and Fuels Czarnowiejska 30

In the present work,the heat transfer study focuses on assessment of the impact of bed temperature on the local heat transfer characteristic between a fluidized bed and vertical rifled tubes(38mm-O.D.) in a commercial circulating fluidized bed(CFB) *** transfer behavior in a 1296t/h supercritical CFB furnace has been analyzed for Geldart B particle with Sauter mean diameter of 0.219 and 0.246 *** heat transfer experiments were conducted for the active heat transfer surface in the form of membrane tube with a longitudinal fin at the tube crest under the normal operating conditions of CFB boiler.A heat transfer analysis of CFB boiler with detailed consideration of the bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient and the contribution of heat transfer mechanisms inside furnace chamber were investigated using mechanistic heat transfer model based on cluster renewal *** predicted values of heat transfer coefficient are compared with empirical correlation for CFB units in large-scale.

关键词： Cluster renewal approach heat transfer coefficient bed temperature suspension density circulating fluidized bed

On Plane Stress State and Stress Free Deformation of Thick Plate with FGM Interface under Thermal Loading

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第5期25卷 440-448页

作者： Damian Szubartowski artur Ganczarski Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Applied MechanicsCracow University of Technology

This paper demonstrates the plane stress state and the stress free thermo-elastic deformation of FGM thick plate under thermal ***,the Sneddon-Lockett theorem on the plane stress state in an isotropic infinite thick plate is generalized for a case of FGM problem in which all thermo-mechanical properties are optional functions of depth *** proof is based on application of the Iljushin thermo-elastic potential to displacement type system of equations that reduces it to the plane stress state *** an existence of the purely thermal deformation is proved in two ways:first,it is shown that the unique solution fulfils conditions of simultaneous constant temperature and linear gradation of thermal expansion coefficient,second,proof is based directly on stress type system of equations which straightforwardly reduces to compatibility equations for purely thermal deformation if only stress field is homogeneous in domain and at ***,couple examples of application to an engineering problem are presented.

关键词： thick plate with FGM interface plane stress state stress free deformation

FTIR analysis and monitoring of used synthetic oils operated under similar driving conditions

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Friction 2020年第5期8卷 995-1006页

作者： artur WOLAK Wojciech KRASODOMSKI Grzegorz ZAJAC Department of Quality and Safety of Industrial Products Institute of Quality and Product Management SciencesCracow University of EconomicsKraków 30-033Poland Department of of Petroleum Analyses Oil and Gas Institute—National Research InstituteKraków 31-503Poland Department of Power Engineering and Transportation Faculty of Production EngineeringUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinLublin 20-612Poland

The processes of degradation of engine oils operated in passenger cars of a uniform fleet of 25 vehicles were analyzed for oxidation content using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. As part of the experiment, the changes in engine oils occurring during actual operation (under conditions which can be described as "harsh", i.e., short distance driving, frequent starting of the engine, and extended engine idling) have been observed. An evaluation of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of an engine oil sample was presented. The infrared spectra of both fresh and used oils were recorded with the Thermo Nicolett IS5. The tests were conducted according to the Appendix A2 of ASTM 2412. For the used engine oil differentiation process, FTIR spectra were analyzed in the regions of 1,700–2,000 cm-1 and 3,600–3,700 cm-1. The FTIR spectrometry is demonstrated to be effective for the analysis and monitoring of processes of oxidation and shown to provide rapid and accurate information relating to the aging process of engine oils. The results may facilitate decision-making regarding the service life of engine oils. The achieved dependencies can make it possible to upgrade the sensor assembly consisting of an FTIR source.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) reliability modelling oil condition monitoring oil oxidation oil change interval

Electronic warfare in the optical band:Main features,examples and selected measurement data

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第5期17卷 1636-1649页

作者： Roman Ostrowski artur Cywinski Marek Strzelec Polish Naval Academy Navigation and Naval Weapons Faculty69Smidowicza Str.81-127GdyniaPoland Military University of Technology Institute of Optoelectronics2 Gen.S.Kaliskiego Str.00-908WarsawPoland

The paper presents the possibilities of,and methods for,acquiring,analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise,identify and counteract threats on the contemporary *** main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated,including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures,as well as ultraviolet(UV)and thermal(IR)*** physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed,including their importance in terms of creating optical ***,it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures,only their spectral and temporal parameters can be *** was confirmed in experimental part of the paper,which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser *** has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in“solar-blind”band,various events can be identified quickly and *** same is true for IR signatures,where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are *** was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground,namely Rocket Propelled Grenade(RPG)launches and explosions after hitting targets,trinitrotoluene(TNT)explosions,firing armour-piercing,fin-stabilised,discarding sabots(APFSDS)or high explosive(HE)*** final section describes a proposed model database of emitters,created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.

关键词： Optoelectronics Electronic warfare Optical signature

Real prospects for the development of power technologies based on renewable energy sources in Poland

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第2期11卷 168-174页

作者： Slawomir DYKAS artur SZYMANSKI Xiaoshu CAI Silesian University of Technology Institute of Power Engineering andTurbomachinery Konarskiego 20 44-100 Gliwice Poland Institute of Particle and Two-Phase Flow Measurement University ofShanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China

In Poland more than 40% of the power units have been operating for over 40 years now and more than 10% are over 50 years old, which indicates a high degree of decrease in the value of the energy sector. An analysis of the energy market shows that every year a new power plant should be built with a capacity of 1000 MW to ensure the national energy security. An energy market research indicates that in Poland the structure of energy production is changing in recent years-the share of fossil (solid) fuels in electricity and heat production was approximately 88% in 2009, while in 2004 it reached 93%. According to the analysis of the market, it can be seen that conventional energy, mainly based on coal and lignite, has been the most important segment of the sector for a long time. In this paper the prospects for the development of power technologies based on renewable energy sources (RES) in Poland are presented.

关键词： renewable energy sources energy sector energy mix Poland

Simulation of mass balance behavior in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed reactor

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Particuology 2016年第2期14卷 51-58页

作者： artur Blaszczuk Anna Zylka Jacek Leszczynski Czestochowa University of Technology Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies Dabrowskiego 73 42-200 Czestochowa Poland AGH University Science and Technology Faculty of Energy and Fuels Department of Hydrogen Energy Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Cracow Poland

We determine using a compound model the influence of the mass of granular matter on the behavior of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed （CFB） reactor. Population balance enables a stationary-regime modeling of the mass flow of granular matter inside a CFB unit in a large-scale. The simulation includes some important dynamic processes of gas-particle flows in fluidized bed such as attrition, fragmenta- tion, elutriation, and fuel combustion. Numerical calculations with full boiler loading were performed of operational parameters such as furnace temperature, furnace pressure, feeding materials mass flows, and excess air ratio. Furthermore, three bed inventory masses were adopted as experimental variables in the simulation model of mass balance. This approach enables a sensitivity study of mass flows of granular matter inside a CFB facility. Some computational results from this population balance model obtained for a supercritical CFB reactor are presented that show consistency with the operational data for large-scale CFB units.

关键词： Bed inventory mass Mass flow of solids Circulating fluidized bed Population mass balance mode Sensitivity analysis

Recognition of rock anisotropy using integrated seismic approach-A case in Strzegom and Podlesna,Poland

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第7期15卷 1759-1767页

作者： Iwona Stan-Kłeczek artur Marciniak University of Silesia Faculty of Natural SciencesSosnowiecPoland Institute of Geophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences WarsawPoland

This paper presents the integration of seismic refraction and multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW)measurements to investigate the anisotropy of P-and S-wave ***,synthetic forward modelling is presented as a tool for supporting seismic anisotropy *** geophysical measurements of cracks allowed to recognise the fracturing of a granite rock mass in a Paleozoic granite quarry(Strzegom,Poland)and a dolomite rock mass in a Triassic dolomite quarry(Podlesna,Poland).Application of the forward modelling supports the interpretation of seismic methods,simplifying data processing and verifying the final results based on data from difficult seismic *** a result of direct measurements,two crack systems were determined in granite rock mass:NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE,and two in dolomite rock mass:NNE-SSW and ***,the numerical results show the relationship between the highest values of P-and S-wave velocities and separated crack systems which allowed an unequivocal interpretation of the direction of stress,resulting in the *** obtained information is promising to be helpful in mining exploration for optimising excavation works.

关键词： Fracturing Anisotropy Seismic refraction Multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW) Forward modelling