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红霉素对胃排空的影响以及具有胃排空延迟的功能性消化不良的饮食相关性症状

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 38-39页

作者： arts j Caenepeel P Verbeke K Tack j 赵天智 Department of Gastroenter ology University Hospital GasthuisbergHerestraat 49 B-3000 Leuven Belgium.Dr

Background and aims: Although delayed gastric emptying is considered a major pat hophysiological mechanism in functional dyspepsia, the efficacy of prokinetic drugs has not been *** studies using macrolide prok- inetics were negative but receptor desensitisation may have played a *** aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence on meal induced symptoms of acutely administered erythromycin in patients with gastroparesis. Methods: In 20 patients with functional dyspepsia, gastric emptying was studied twice using the 14C octanoic acid and 13C glycin breath test to establish the reproducibili ty of the test. Breath samples were taken before the meal and at 15 minute inter vals for a period of 240 minutes postprandially. At each breath sampling, the pa tient was asked to grade the intensity (0-3) of six dyspeptic symptoms. Twenty four patients (three men, mean age 43.5 (3) years) with dyspeptic symptoms and d elayed gastric emptying were studied twice after pretreatment with saline or ery thromycin ***: Meal related symptom severity scores were reproducible. Treatment with erythromycin significantly enhanced solid and liquid gastric empt ying (t 1/2 146 (27) v 72 (7)minutes, respectively (p< 0.01), and 87 (6) v 63 (5 ) minutes(p< 0.001)). Only the severity of bloating was significantly improved b y erythromycin (23 (3.9) v 14.5 (2.7); p< 0.01); all other symptoms and the cumu lative meal related symptom score were not altered by erythromycin. Conclusions: In a setting where desensitisation played no role, erythromycin enhanced gastri c emptying was not associated with a beneficial effect on meal related symptom s everity.

关键词：胃排空延迟胃轻瘫大环内酯胃动力药物可重复性病理生理机制胃胀气促动力药呼吸试验蓄积性

功能性消化不良的突出症状与临床特征及病理生理学机制的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 21-22页

作者： Karamanolis G. Caenepeel P. arts j. Tack j. 赵天智(译) 张欣(校) 不详 Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Gasthuisberg Herestraat49 B-3000Leuven Belgium

Background & Aims: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is considered a heterogeneous disorder with different pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the symptom pattern. The Rome II committee proposed that subdividing patients with FD into groups with predominant pain versus discomfort might identify subgroups with homogeneous pathophysiological and clinical properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of predominant pain or discomfort with pathophysiological mechanisms and to evaluate whether considering individual predominant symptoms yields better results. Methods: Consecutive FD patients (n = 720; 489 women; mean age, 41.3 ± 0.6 years) filled out a dyspepsia questionnaire and identified a single most bothersome symptom. We analyzed the association of this predominant symptom with demographic, clinical, and pathophysiological features (Helicobacter pylori status, gastric emptying in 592 patients, and gastric sensitivity and accommodation testing in 332 patients). Results: According to Rome II criteria, 22% were pain predominant and 78% discomfort predominant. Patients with predominant pain had a higher prevalence of hypersensitivity (44% vs 25% ) and delayed gastric emptying was observed less frequently in these patients (16% vs 26% ), but there was major overlap. Detailed analysis showed that any of 8 dyspeptic symptoms could be predominant. Predominant early satiety or vomiting was associated with significantly higher prevalences of weight loss (89% and 75% , respectively) and of acute onset (61% and 60% , respectively). Impaired accommodation was found in 79% of patients with predominant early satiety. The highest prevalence of delayed emptying was found in predominant fullness (38% ) and of hypersensitivity in predominant pain (44% ). Conclusions: Subdividing FD patient groups according to the predominant symptom does not reliably identify subgroups with a homogeneous underlying pathophysiological mechanism.

关键词：病理生理学机制功能性消化不良突出症状临床特征幽门螺杆菌感染胃排空迟缓 Rome 人口统计学生理学特点不适感

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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艾滋病病毒耐药研究的新进展(摘要)

抗感染药学 2011年第1期8卷 1-1页

作者： Eric j arts Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University

由于未采用最佳治疗方案或者病人未能坚持高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART),导致人体免疫缺损病毒-Ⅰ(HIV-1)耐药的出现。然而,即使患者能够很好地坚持HAART治疗,也很难长期维持检测水平以下的病毒载量。通常来说,单个HIV-Ⅰ靶基因的变异,... 详细信息

由于未采用最佳治疗方案或者病人未能坚持高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART),导致人体免疫缺损病毒-Ⅰ(HIV-1)耐药的出现。然而,即使患者能够很好地坚持HAART治疗,也很难长期维持检测水平以下的病毒载量。通常来说,单个HIV-Ⅰ靶基因的变异,即可特异性导致病毒对相应抗逆转录病毒药物的耐药。但是,应用3种药物联合治疗时,病毒至少需要有针对3种抗逆转录病毒药物的变异才会引起耐药和治疗失败。这些耐药突变的出现常为暂时性的,并与药物的半衰期(t1/2)和耐药株的病毒活力有关。特异性的耐药突变在主要的药物种类中,即核苷类似物逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTI,如nevi-rapine)、非核苷类似物逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI,如AZT)、蛋白酶抑制剂(PI,如nelfinavir)和整合酶抑制剂(INI,如raltegra-vir),已广为人知。然而,由于HIV-1的基因背景及二次变异的差异,病毒的耐药水平可能高低不一。另外,特异性的抗逆转录病毒药物CCR5拮抗剂(如maraviroc)可通过多种未知机制及途径选择耐药突变。基于在乌干达、中国、阿根廷和其他一些国家的研究,本研究所研发了1种检测耐药的新技术。该技术不仅可检测B亚型(主要流行于欧洲和北美),还可检测其他不同亚型HIV中新出现的耐药。为更好了解表型耐药情况,还研发了1种新的应用PCR技术从患者体内快速扩增HIV靶基因,利用酵母重组技术克隆其进入HIV基因组中。然后用产生的嵌合病毒做药物敏感试验。较之细菌克隆技术、酵母重组技术允许克隆更大的HIV基因,且不需要特别的克隆位点。由于表型分析法更为常用且费用较高,也研发了1种基因型耐药分析法。该方法是在绝大多数耐药突变位点上应用特异性寡核苷酸连接法分辨出该突变位点的存在与否。耐药突变的频率由多功能流式荧光检测仪测定。

关键词：艾滋病病毒耐药高效抗逆转录病毒疗法新技术

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.Retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Decoding the genetic program of micronucleus formation: linking chromosomal instability to human disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2840-2842页

作者： jörg Fahrer Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Department of ChemistryRPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau67663 KaiserslauternGermany

A recent study by Adams and colleagues published in Nature unveiled more than one hundred genes that are involved in micronucleus formation,1 which is a biomarker for genomic instability and associated with aging,cancer,and other disorders.2 As an outstanding achievement,the authors identified DSCC1(DNA Replication And Sister Chromatid Cohesion 1)as a critical gene protecting against early developmental defects,genomic instability,reduced proliferative capacity,cohesinopathy-related phenotypes,and tumor development in vivo.

关键词： chromosomal linking Replication

Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management