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Flexible, diamond-based microelectrodes fabricated using the diamond growth side for neural sensing

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 742-753页

作者： Bin Fan Cory A.Rusinek Cort H.Thompson Monica Setien Yue Guo Robert Rechenberg Yan Gong arthur j.weber Michael F.Becker Erin Purcell Wen Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Fraunhofer USA Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies East LansingMIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Department of Physiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

Diamond possesses many favorable properties for biochemical sensors,including biocompatibility,chemical inertness,resistance to biofouling,an extremely wide potential window,and low double-layer *** hardness of diamond,however,has hindered its applications in neural implants due to the mechanical property mismatch between diamond and soft nervous ***,we present a flexible,diamond-based microelectrode probe consisting of multichannel boron-doped polycrystalline diamond(BDD)microelectrodes on a soft Parylene C *** developed and optimized a wafer-scale fabrication approach that allows the use of the growth side of the BDD thin film as the sensing *** to the nucleation surface,the BDD growth side exhibited a rougher morphology,a higher sp^(3) content,a wider water potential window,and a lower background *** dopamine(DA)sensing capability of the BDD growth surface electrodes was validated in a 1.0 mM DA solution,which shows better sensitivity and stability than the BDD nucleation surface *** results of these comparative studies suggest that using the BDD growth surface for making implantable microelectrodes has significant advantages in terms of the sensitivity,selectivity,and stability of a neural ***,we validated the functionality of the BDD growth side electrodes for neural recordings both in vitro and in *** biocompatibility of the microcrystalline diamond film was also assessed in vitro using rat cortical neuron cultures.

关键词： neural film diamond

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Expediting the transition from replacement medicine to tissue engineering

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 111-113页

作者： arthur j.Coury Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

In this article,an expansive interpretation of“Tissue Engineering”is proposed which is in congruence with classical and recent published definitions.I further simplify the definition of tissue engineering as:“Exerting systematic control of the body’s cells,matrices and fluids.”As a consequence,many medical therapies not commonly considered tissue engineering are placed in this category because of their effect on the body’s *** the progress of tissue engineering strategies is inexorable and generally positive,it has been subject to setbacks as have many important medical *** practice is currently undergoing a transition on several fronts(academics,start-up companies,going concerns)from the era of“replacement medicine”where body parts and functions are replaced by mechanical,electrical or chemical therapies to the era of tissue engineering where health is restored by regeneration generation or limitation of the body’s tissues and functions by exploiting our expanding knowledge of the body’s biological processes to produce natural,healthy outcomes.

关键词： tissue engineering medical devices combination products regenerative medicine

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Non-small-bowel lesions encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy performed for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第15期16卷 1885-1889页

作者： Hoi-Poh Tee arthur j Kaffes A W Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

AIM:To report the incidence of non-small-bowel bleeding pathologies encountered during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) procedures and to analyse their ***: A retrospective study of a prospective DBE database conducted in a tertiary-referral center was conducted. A total of 179 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) referred for DBE from june 2004 to November 2008 were analysed looking for the incidence of non-small-bowel lesions (NSBLs; all and newly diagnosed) encountered during ***: There were 228 (150 antegrade and 78 retrograde) DBE procedures performed in 179 patients. The mean number of DBE procedures was 1.27 per patient. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 62 ± 16 years old. There were 94 females (52.5%). The positive yield for a bleeding lesion was 65.9%. Of the 179 patients, 44 (24.6%) had NSBLs (19 of them had dual pathology with small-bowel lesions and NSBLs); 27 (15.1%) had lesions not detected by previous endoscopies. The most common type of missed lesions were vascular ***: A significant proportion of patients (24.6%) had lesions within reach of conventional endoscopy. Careful repeat examination with gastroscopy and colonoscopy might be required.

关键词： Bleeding Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Endoscopy Double-balloon enteroscopy

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Rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulosewhiskers: Synthesis and characterization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2010年第2期2卷 89-94页

作者： Yang Li Hongfeng Ren arthur j.Ragauskas School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology School of Polymer Textile and Fiber Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

A novel nanocomposite of rigid polyurethane foam was prepared by the polymerization of a sucrose-based polyol, a glycerol-based polyol and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in the presence of cellulose whiskers. The cell morphology of the resulting foams was examined by scanning electron microscopy which showed both the pure foam and the nanocomposite foam had homogeneous cell dispersion and uniform cell size of approximately 200 μm. Analysis of the foams by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that both samples exhibited signals attributed to the polyurethane including the NH stretching and bending vibrations at 3320 cm^(-1) and 1530 cm^(-1), the OC=O vibration at 1730 cm^(-1) and the CO-NH vibration at 1600 cm^(-1). FT-IR analysis of the nanocomposite indicated that cellulose whiskers were crosslinked with the polyurethane matrix as the signal intensity of the OH stretch at 3500 cm^(-1) was significantly reduced in comparison to the spectral data acquired for a control sample prepared from the pure polyurethane foam mixed with cellulose whiskers. According to ASTM standard testing procedures, the tensile modulus, tensile strength and yield strength of the nanocomposite foam were found to be improved by 36.8%, 13.8% and 15.2%, and the compressive modulus and strength were enhanced by 179.9% and 143.4%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis results testified the improvements of mechanical properties and showed a better thermal stability of the nanocomposite foam.

关键词： Nanocomposites Cellulose whiskers Tensile Compressive Thermal

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An implementation assessment of China's Environmental Information Disclosure Decree

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1649-1656页

作者： Lei Zhang arthur E j Mol Guizhen He Yonglong Lu School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Environmental Policy Group Wageningen University Hollandseweg 1 6706 KN Wageningen The Netherlands State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

China＇s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country＇s information policy history and is praised as a ＂sunshine program＂. The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectorai information disclosure system on environment. This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took effect on May 1, 2008. Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request, and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still fails short. Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation, the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure, the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.

关键词： environmental information disclosure environmental governance

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Gastrointestinal disease in children with autism spectrum disorders:Etiology or consequence?

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World journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 605-618页

作者： arthur Krigsman Stephen j Walker Pediatric Gastroenterology Resources of New York and Texas GeorgetownTX 78628United States Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston SalemNC 27157United States

Chronic gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms and disorders are common in children with autism spectrum disorder and have been shown to be significantly correlated with the degree of behavioral and cognitive *** this unique population,GI symptoms often arise very early in development,during infancy or toddlerhood,and may be misdiagnosed-or not diagnosed at all–due in part to the challenges associated with recognition of symptoms in a minimally or noncommunicative *** demonstrating that the gut-brain-axis can communicate gut dysbiosis and systemic immune dysregulation in a bidirectional manner raises the question as to whether an untreated gastrointestinal disorder can directly impact neurodevelopment or,conversely,whether having a neurodevelopmental disorder predisposes a child to chronic GI *** the data presented in this mini review,we conclude that the preponderance of available evidence would suggest the former scenario is more strongly supported.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Gastrointestinal disease Immune dysregulation Neurodevelopment

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Short-Term Response of Soil Respiration to Addition of Chars:Impact of Fermentation Post-Processing and Mineral Nitrogen

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 761-769页

作者： Giacomo LANZA Stephan WIRTH arthur GESSLER jrgen KERN Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL

The biodegradability of chars derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation(HTC) was studied in short-term dynamic incubation experiments under controlled conditions. Carbon dioxide C(CO2) emissions from soil-char mixtures in combination with solid digestate or mineral nitrogen(N) fertiliser were measured in dynamic chambers for 10 d. Compared to the original material(maize straw), pyrolysis and HTC chars showed significantly lower CO2 emissions and slower decay dynamics; and compared to the soil control, HTC char increased soil respiration to a significant extent, while pyrolysis char did not. The addition of mineral N resulted in a delayed respiration dynamics for HTC char, while the addition of digestate resulted in an increase in the respired CO2 for pyrolysis char and a decrease for HTC char. For the first time, a peculiar two-stage decay kinetics was observed for HTC char,indicating a highly inhomogeneous substrate consisting at least of two C pools.

关键词：土壤呼吸字符短期矿质氮后处理 CO2排放衰减动力学发酵

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High Oxygen Nanocomposite Barrier Films Based on Xylan and Nanocrystalline Cellulose

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Nano-Micro Letters 2010年第4期2卷 235-241页

作者： Amit Saxena Thomas j.Elder jeffrey Kenvin arthur j.Ragauskas School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station Micromeritics Instrument Corporation

The goal of this work is to produce nanocomposite film with low oxygen permeability by casting an aqueous solution containing xylan,sorbitol and nanocrystalline *** morphology of the resulting nanocomposite films was examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy which showed that control films containing xylan and sorbitol had a more open structure as compared to xylan-sorbitol films containing sulfonated nanocrystalline *** average pore diameter,bulk density,porosity and tortuosity factor measurements of control xylan films and nanocomposite xylan films were examined by mercury intrusion porosimetry *** films reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose were denser and exhibited higher tortuosity factor than the control xylan *** xylan films had average pore diameter,bulk density,porosity and tortuosity factor of 0.1730 μm,0.6165 g/ml,53.0161% and 1.258,respectively as compared to xylan films reinforced with 50% nanocrystalline cellulose with average pore diameter of 0.0581 μm,bulk density of 1.1513 g/ml,porosity of 22.8906% and tortuosity factor of *** transmission rate tests demonstrated that films prepared with xylan,sorbitol and 5%,10%,25% and 50% sulfonated nanocrystalline cellulose exhibited a significantly reduced oxygen permeability of 1.1387,1.0933,0.8986 and 0.1799 cm^3×μm/m^2×d×k Pa respectively with respect to films prepared solely from xylan and sorbitol with a oxygen permeability of 189.1665 cm^3×μm/m^2×d×k *** properties suggested these nanocomposite films have promising barrier properties.

关键词： Nanocomposites Xylan Nanocrystalline cellulose Oxygen barrier

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Placement of removable metal biliary stent in post-orthotopic liver transplantation anastomotic stricture

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第28期16卷 3597-3600页

作者： Hoi-Poh Tee Martin W james arthur j Kaffes Gastroenterology Unit Medical Department Hospital Tengku Ampuan AfzanJalan Tanah Putih25100 KuantanPahangMalaysia Wolfson Digestive Disease Biomedical Re search Unit Nottingham NG7 2UHUnited Kingdom AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Live Centre Royal Prince Alfred HospitalMissenden RoadCamp erdownNSW 2050Australia

Postoperative biliary strictures are the most common cause of benign biliary stricture in Western countries, secondary to either operative injury or bile duct anastomotic stricture following orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Surgery or endoscopic interventions are the mainstay of treatment for benign biliary *** aim to report the outcome of 2 patients with refractory anastomotic biliary stricture post-OLT,who had successful temporary placement of a prototype removable covered self-expandable metal stent(RCSEMS).These 2 patients(both men,aged 44 and 53 years)were given temporary placement of a prototype RCSEMS (8.5 Fr gauge delivery system,8 mm×40 mm stent dimensions)in the common bile duct across the biliary *** was no morbidity associated with stent placement and removal in these 2 *** parameters improved after the RCSEMS *** biliary patency was achieved in both the patients. No further biliary intervention was required within 14 and 18 mo follow-up after stent removal.

关键词： Anastomosis Biliary stent Biliary stricture Orthotopic liver transplantation Niti-S stent

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Effect of the C:N:P ratio on the denitrifying dephosphatation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期27卷 119-125页

作者： Artur Mielcarek joanna Rodziewicz Wojciech janczukowicz arthur j.Thornton Tomasz józwiak Paula Szymczyk University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Department of Environment Engineering ul. Warszawska 117a Olsztyn 10-719 Poland. Atkins Woodcote Grove Ashley Road Epsom KT18 United Kingdom

A series of investigations were conducted using sequencing batch biofilm reactor（SBBR） to explore the influence of C：N：P ratio on biological dephosphatation including the denitrifying dephosphatation and the denitrification *** in the reactor occurred mainly in the form of a biofilm attached to completely submerged *** acid was used as the source of organic carbon.C：N：P ratios have had a significant effect on the profiles of phosphate release and phosphate uptake and nitrogen *** highest rates of phosphate release and phosphate uptake were recorded at the C：N：P ratio of 140：70：*** C：N ratio of 2.5：1 ensured complete *** highest rate of denitrification was achieved at the C：N：P ratio of 140：35：*** increase of nitrogen load caused an increase in phosphates removal until a ratio C：N：P of 140：140：*** of the biofilm exposed to alternate conditions of mixing and aeration exhibited enhanced intracellular accumulation of ***,the structure of the biofilm encouraged anaerobic-aerobic as well as anoxic-anaerobic and absolutely anaerobic conditions in a *** heterogeneous conditions in the presence of nitrates may be a significant factor determining the promotion of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organism（DNPAO） development.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Sequencing batch biofilm reactor Nitrogen and phosphorus removal Enhanced intracellular polyphosphate accumulation Denitrifying dephosphatation Denitrification and dephosphatation rates

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