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Diversity of reptile sex chromosome evolution revealed by cytogenetic and linked-read sequencing

Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 719-733页

作者： Ze-Xian Zhu Kazumi Matsubara Foyez Shams Jason Dobry Erik Wapstra Tony Gamble Stephen DSarre arthur georges Jennifer AMarshall Graves Qi Zhou Tariq Ezaz MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Institute for Applied Ecology University of CanberraCanberra 2601Australia School of Biological Sciences University of TasmaniaHobartTasmania 7001Australia Department of Biological Sciences Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWisconsin 52322USA School of Life Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourne 3168 Australia Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology University of ViennaVienna 1030Austria Center for Reproductive Medicine The 2nd Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310009China Department of Environmental Biology College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiAichi 487-8501Japan

Reptile sex determination is attracting much attention because the great diversity of sex-determination and dosage compensation mechanisms permits us to approach fundamental questions about mechanisms of sex chromosome turnover. Recent studies have made significant progress in better understanding diversity and conservation of reptile sex chromosomes, with however no reptile master sex determination genes identified. Here we describe an integrated genomics and cytogenetics pipeline,combining probes generated from the microdissected sex chromosomes with transcriptome and genome sequencing to explore the sex chromosome diversity in non-model Australian reptiles. We tested our pipeline on a turtle, two species of geckos, and a monitor lizard. Genes identified on sex chromosomes were compared to the chicken genome to identify homologous regions among the four species. We identified candidate sex determining genes within these regions, including conserved vertebrate sex-determining genes pdgfa,pdgfra amh and wt1, and demonstrated their testis or ovary-specific expression. All four species showed gene-by-gene rather than chromosome-wide dosage compensation. Our results imply that reptile sex chromosomes originated by independent acquisition of sex-determining genes on different autosomes,as well as translocations between different ancestral macro-and *** discuss the evolutionary drivers of the slow differentiation and turnover of reptile sex chromosomes.

关键词： Sexdetermination Reptiles Genomics Cytogenetics Sex chromosome turnover

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Etiologies, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Adult Patients Presenting with Bowel Obstruction on a Virgin Abdomen

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Surgical Science 2023年第3期14卷 252-269页

作者： georges Bwelle Motto Tim Fabrice Yannick Mahamat Ekani Boukar El-Alaoui Mounjid Khadija Emmanuella Joseph Cyrille Chopkeng Ngoumfe arthur Essomba Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Departement of Visceral and Digestive Surgery Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Departement of General Surgery Soa District Hospital Yaounde 2 Yaounde Cameroon

Context: Generally in Africa, BO remains the leading cause of acute abdomen. We therefore sought to study the current etiological factors of intestinal obstruction on a virgin abdomen or unhealed abdomen at the central hospital of Yaoundé in order to better understand the main causes and to better anticipate and improve the diagnosis, management and the evolution of intestinal obstruction on a virgin abdomen. Method: The patients were prospectively included from June 2021 to May 2022, these patients were recruited from the digestive and emergency surgery units of the Yaoundé Central Hospital during the study period and who met the inclusion criteria, with suspicion of partial or total intestinal obstruction or those with an intraoperative confirmed diagnosis were enrolled. Results: We recruited 73 patients including 43 (60.3%) men and 29 (39.7%) women whose mean age was 42.5 years with extremes ranging from 16 to 70 years. Most of them consulted after 72 hours, i.e. 65.2% of cases due to self-medication or even prior consultations in the lower level center at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé. The patients retained for this work presented in majority the symptoms according to the abdominal pains, the stop of the materials and gases;meteorism and vomiting. Abdominal wall hernias with incarcerated intestinal loops were the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in an unscarred abdomen in adults at 38.4% of cases, followed by digestive tumors 23.3% and adhesions 17.8%. Exceptionally, a cluster of roundworms was found as the cause of intestinal obstruction in two of our patients. Complications occurred in 25 patients or 31.5% of cases and were dominated respectively by nausea and hematoma (36%), local infections (24%) and malaria (24%). Death occurred in 5 of our patients, or 6.8% of cases, and was mostly caused by hypovolemic shock (40%) and pulmonary embolism (40%). Conclusion: Intestinal obstructions on the abdomen without scarring remain the prerogative of young

关键词： Acute Abdomen Intestinal Obstructions Etiologies

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Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Traject with Placement of a Prosthesis: A New Technique in the Treatment of Fistula-in-Ano at Yaounde Central Hospital (Cameroon)

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Surgical Science 2022年第2期13卷 66-77页

作者： Eric Patrick Savom georges Roger Bwelle Motto Guy Aristide Bang Joseph Cyrille Chopkeng Ricardo Fomene Ngouanet Ghislain Loïc Batimba Nolabia arthur Essomba Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Hospital and Teaching Centre Yaounde Cameroon Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Ligation of the inter-sphincter fistula tract associated with anal plug (LIFT-Plug) is a new anal fistula treatment procedure at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. A two-sided prosthesis piece bent in the shape of a cone is used here as an anal plug. The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic results and the safety of this device. Patients and Methods: The clinical data of patients operated by the LIFT-Plug technique from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021 for a high anal fistula were analyzed prospectively. The variables evaluated were operative time, cure rate, postoperative complications and recurrence rate. Results: We included 28 patients with a mean age of 42 years. The sex ratio was 1.15. No patient presented preoperative continence disorder. The fistula was high trans-sphincteric in 89.3% of cases. The average duration of surgery was 55.2 minutes (45 to 66 minutes). The postoperative course was straightforward, although 60.7% of the patients had experienced tingling that resolved spontaneously. Three patients (10.7%) presented with transient gas incontinence (WIS of 4) which completely resolved after one month. All patients healed within a mean of 63.21 days (25 to 95 days). At the end of the 6-month follow-up, no case of recurrence had been recorded. Conclusion: The LIFT-Plug is a simple, safe and effective technique for the treatment of upper anal fistula without major impairment of continence despite delayed healing. The adapted two-sided prosthesis is a good alternative to the conventional anal plug.

关键词： High Anal Fistula LIFT-Plug Healing Postoperative Complications Recurrence

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The Epidemiological Profil of Digestive Cancers in Secondary and Tertiary Health Care Facilities in Cameroon

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Surgical Science 2022年第3期13卷 98-104页

作者： Yannick Ekani Boukar Mahamat georges Bwelle Cyrille Chopkeng Freddy Bombah Fabrice Tietche Tim Guy Aristide Bang Eric Patrick Savom Divine Mokake Alain Chichom arthur Essomba Marcellin Ngowe Maurice Aurelien Sosso Department of Surgery Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Digestive Surgery Unit Central Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Cancers have been a major public health problem in developing countries in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of digestive cancers in secondary and tertiary health care facilities in Cameroon. Methodology: This was a cross sectional and descriptive study conducted over a period of 12 months in 14 health structures over the national territory. Included in our study were patients aged 15 and above with a histologically proven digestive cancer, patients with a clinical, biological and morphologic evidence of a digestive cancer. Socio-demographic (age, gender, region of origin, profession), clinical (symptoms on diagnosis, personal and family past history, consumption habits, tumour location) and paraclinical data were recorded on a pretested questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Quantitative data was expressed as means with their corresponding standard deviations. Chi square was used for correlation between variables. A P value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Five hundred and eighty-two cases of digestive cancers were recorded out of 37,780 consultations/admissions during the study period giving a prevalence of 1.5% with a male predominance (58.1%). The mean age was 53.11 ± 17.26 years (15 - 99) with 33.8% of them below 45 years of age. Tumours were predominantly localized in the liver (43.5%) and colon (24.9%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in 44.5% of all cases. Alcohol consumption was found to be associated with colorectal cancer (p = 0.028) while tobacco consumption was found to be significantly associated with oesophageal cancer (p ≤ 0.001) and gastric cancer (p = 0.0047). Conclusion: A third of patients with digestive cancers were aged less than 45 years suggesting an early onset of these cancers in our setting. Relatively low prevalence with the liver being the most common site of localisation in our setting.

关键词： Digestive Cancer Secondary and Tertiary Health Care Facilities Cameroon

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Injury Patterns and Treatment Outcome of Road Traffic Crash Victims at the Emergency Department of the Regional Hospital Limbe, Cameroon

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Surgical Science 2022年第3期13卷 174-182页

作者： Mahamat Yannick Ekani Boukar Nana Teophile Chunteng Freddy Bombah georges Bwelle Cyrille Chopkeng Guy Aristide Bang Eric Patrick Savom Divine Mokake Pius Fokam Alain Chichom arthur Essomba Marcellin Ngowe Maurice Aurelien Sosso Department of Surgery Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Surgery Unit Limbe Regional Hospital Limbe Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Traumatic injuries constitute a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide with a global burden that is on the rise. The aim of this study is to analyse preliminary data of the Limbe trauma registry, to describe the injury patterns and determine the outcome of care of the injured who were treated in the emergency department of the regional hospital Limbe in Cameroon. Methodology: This was a descriptive secondary analysis of prospective data collected on injury at Limbe Regional Hospital in two years, between October 2008 and October 2010. All cases of injury presenting to the emergency department of Limbe Regional Hospital were included in a prospective trauma registry. Data was collected with a pre-tested data entry form and included the age, sex, mechanism of injury, delay before arrival to hospital, body part injured, description of lesions and outcome at the emergency. Descriptive analyses were done using STATA 14. Comparisons between groups were evaluated using Chi-squared test or Kruskal-Wallis and p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 2400 cases of injury were recorded during the study period with more males (68%) than females. The ages ranged from 0 to 90 years with a peak between 20 to 39 years. Road traffic crash was the most common cause of injury representing 60.81% of the population (n = 1434);other causes were burns, falls, domestic injuries, assaults, and labour accidents. The accidents mostly involved motor cycle alone (42.03%). Concerning the outcome of care at the emergency department, 88.73% (n = 1260) were discharged. Conclusion: The burden of road traffic injuries in south west Cameroon is high. Motorcycles are mostly involved alone or with pedestrians and/or cars.

关键词： Traumatic Injuries Limbe Regional Hospital Cameroon

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Internal Lateral Sphincterotomy in Yaounde: Comparative Short-Term Results of Open versus Closed Techniques

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Surgical Science 2021年第11期12卷 374-380页

作者： georges Bwelle Motto Yannick Mahamat Ekani Boukar Guy Aristide Bang Joseph Cyrille Chopkeng Ngoumfe Fabrice Tientcheu Tim arthur Essomba Maurice Aurélien Sosso Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Visceral and Digestive Surgery Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Chronic anal fissure is a benign disorder which is associated with considerable discomfort. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative results of open and closed internal lateral sphincterotomies in the short and medium term. Patient and Methods: We carried out a prospective randomized comparative study in the digestive and visceral surgery departments of Central Hospital of Yaounde over a period of 15 months. Patients were evaluated for each technique by several variables, including duration of surgery, post-operative pain, recurrence, surgical wound infection, gas and/or stool incontinence, and healing time with follow-up up to 12 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 63 patients underwent surgery within them we had 32 open lateral internal sphincterotomies (group

关键词： Anal Fissure Internal Lateral Sphincterotomy Open Technique Close Technique

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Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in France:a national assessment of at-risk populations

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 400-405页

作者： Benjamin Chaix Guillaume Delamon arthur Guillemasse Benoit Brouard Jean-Emmanuel Bibault ENT Department Hopital Gui de ChauliacMontpellierFrance University Montpellier 1 MontpellierFrance Hopital Pite-Salpetriere WefightBrain&Spine InstituteParisFrance Department of Radiation Oncology Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou CancerologieParisFrance

Background Lockdowns were implemented to limit the spread of *** distress(PD)and post-traumatic stress disorder have been reported after traumatic events,but the specific effect of the pandemic is not well *** The aim of this study was to assess PD in France,a country where C0VID-19 had such a dramatic impact that it required a country-wide *** We recruited patients in four groups of chatbot users followed for breast cancer,asthma,depression and *** used the Psychological Distress Inventory(PDI),a validated scale to measure PD during traumatic events,and correlated PD risk with patients*characteristics in order to better identify the ones who were the most at *** The study included 1771 participants.91.25%(n=1616)were female with a mean age of 32.8(13.71)years and 7.96%(n=141)were male with a mean age of 28.0(8.14)*** total,38.06%(n=674)of the respondents had psychological distress(PDI>14).An analysis of variance showed that unemployment and depression were significantly associated with a higher PDI *** using their smartphones or computers for more than 1 hour a day also had a higher PDI score(p=0.026).Conclusion Prevalence of PD in at-risk patients is *** patients are also at an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress *** steps should be implemented to monitor and prevent PD through dedicated mental health policies if we want to limit the public health impact of COVID-19 in time.

关键词： distress steps limit

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Survival and Quality of Life of Patients after Rectal Cancer Surgery in a Low-Income Country: A Study in Cameroon, Sub-Saharan African Region

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Surgical Science 2021年第8期12卷 261-273页

作者： Guy Aristide Bang Eric Patrick Savom georges Bwelle Moto Julienne Yambassa Fayam Yannick Mahamat Ekani Boukar Ousmana Oumarou arthur Essomba Maurice Aurélien Sosso Department of Surgery and Subspecialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Surgery Unit Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Surgery Unit Yaoundé General Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Digestive Surgery Unit Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Survival of patients after rectal cancer surgery as well as their quality of life (QoL) has been little studied in Africa and never in our country in particular. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional multicentre study in Yaoundé (Cameroon). We reviewed operating reports of the selected departments to identify patients operated from January 2010 to December 2019 for a rectal cancer. The outcome of patients enrolled had to be known until December 2020. Patients who were alive were contacted to evaluate their QoL using the EORTC QLQ C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire). Results: During the study period, rectal cancer was ranked 4th within the digestive cancers. We included 68 patients;their mean age was 49.74 years and 41.18% were under 45. The sex ratio was 1.19 in favour of males. The tumour was mainly located in the lower rectum (45.6%). The main surgical procedure implemented was abdomino-perineal resection (42.6%). Forty-one patients died, giving a mortality rate of 60.29%. The mean survival time was 13 months. The 5-year survival rate for the 32 patients operated from January 2010 to December 2015 was 21.87%. The overall QoL of the 27 living patients was good with a mean of 62.346 ± 15.907. Sexual complications and urinary disorders were found in 40.74% and 14.81% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: There is a low hospital incidence of rectal cancer in our context. The 5-year survival after rectal cancer surgery is poor while the QoL of living patients is good.

关键词： Rectal Cancer Survival Quality of Life Cameroon

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Surgical Management of Abdominal Trauma: Indications and Outcomes in Two Emergency Units with Limited Infrastructure Resources in Yaoundé(Cameroon)

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Surgical Science 2021年第10期12卷 339-349页

作者： Savom Eric Patrick Bang Guy Aristide Biwole Biwole Daniel Bitang A. Mafok Louis Joss Bwelle Motto georges Roger Ekani Boukar Mahamat Yannick Ngo Nonga Bernadette Essomba arthur Yaoundé General Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Emergency Centre Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Abdominal trauma is a major public health concern. Their management is controversial and difficult. Operative indications are not codified in all situations. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross- sectional study over a period of 5 years, carried out in the surgical emergency department of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé and the Emergency Centre of Yaoundé. We reviewed retrospectively medical records of patients who had laparotomy after abdominal trauma. Results: We collected 115 files. There was a male predominance (83.47%) and the average age was 33.8 years. The average time to admission was 12.3 hours and the aetiologies were dominated by road traffic accidents (53%). Abdominal contusions represented 69.56% of cases and abdominal wounds 30.44% of cases. Indications for surgery were hemodynamic instability, evidence of a lesion of a hollow viscus, the presence of evisceration or a gunshot wound, and initial non-operative treatment failure. Postoperative morbidity was 9.56% and overall mortality was 3.47%. Conclusion: Surgical management of abdominal trauma is frequent in our setting, mainly indicated for hem

关键词： Abdominal Trauma Abdominal Contusion Abdominal Wound Surgical Indications Yaoundé

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A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer

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Cancer Communications 2018年第1期38卷 726-735页

作者： Zai-Shang Li Antonio Augusto Ornellas Christian Schwentner Xiang Li Alcides Chaux georges Netto arthur LBurnett Yong Tang JiunHung Geng Kai Yao Xiao-Feng Chen Bin Wang Hong Liao Nan Liu Peng Chen Yong-Hong Lei Qi-Wu Mi Hui-Lan Rao Ying-Ming Xiao Qi-Lin Wang Zi-Ke Qin Zhuo-Wei Liu Yong-Hong Li Zi-Jun Zou Jun-Hang Luo Hui Li Hui Han Fang-Jian Zhou Department of Urology Shenzhen People’s HospitalThe Second Clinical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongP.R.China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Department of Urology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center651 Dongfeng RoadEast Guangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Department of Urology Brazilian National Institute of Cancer and Hospital Mário KröeffRio de Janeiro 20230-130Brazil Section of Urology National Institute of CancerRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Urology Diakonie Klinikum Stuttgart70174 StuttgartGermany Urological Department Urological InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041SichuanP.R.China Department of Scientific Research Norte University1001-1925 AsunciónParaguay Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Department of Urology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Department of Urology Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiP.R.China Department of Urology Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan 807China Department of Urology The First People’s Hospital of ChenzhouChenzhou 423000HunanP.R.China Department of Urology Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000GuangdongP.R.China Department of Urology Sichuan Cancer HospitalChengdu 610041SichuanP.R.China Department of Urology Oncological Surgery Chongqing Cancer Hospital&Institute&Cancer CenterChongqing 400040China Department of Urology Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011XinjiangP.R.China Department of Urology Yunnan Provincial Tumor HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650118YunnanP.R.China Department of Urology Dongguan People’s HospitalDongguan 523059GuangdongP.R.China Department of Pathology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060Guangdo

Background:The 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis(AJCC-TNM)staging system is based on a few retrospective single-center *** aimed to test the prognostic validity of the staging system and to determine whether a modified clinicopathological tumor staging system that includes lymphovascular emboliza-tion could increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for patients with stage T2-3 penile ***:A training cohort of 411 patients who were treated at 2 centers in China and Brazil between 2000 and 2015 were staged according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging *** internal validation was analyzed by bootstrap-corrected C-indexes(resampled 1000 times).Data from 436 patients who were treated at 15 centers over four conti-nents were used for external ***:A survivorship overlap was observed between T2 and T3 patients(P=0.587)classified according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging *** embolization was a significant prognostic factor for metastasis and survival(all P<0.001).Based on the multivariate analysis,only lymphovascular embolization showed a significant influ-ence on cancer-specific survival(CSS)(hazard ratio=1.587,95%confidence interval=1.253-2.011;P=0.001).T2 and T3 patients with lymphovascular embolization showed significantly shorter CSS than did those without lymphovascu-lar embolization(P<0.001).Therefore,a modified clinicopathological staging system was proposed,with the T2 and T3 categories of the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system being subdivided into two new categories as follows:t2 tumors invade the corpus spongiosum and/or corpora cavernosa and/or urethra without lymphovascular invasion,and t3 tumors invade the corpus spongiosum and/or corpora cavernosa and/or urethra with lymphovascular *** modified staging system involving lymphovascular embolization showed improved prognostic stratification with significant differences in CSS among all categories(all P<0.005)and exhibited higher accur

关键词： Penile neoplasms Lymph node metastasis Staging Lymph node excision Prognosis

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