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Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Assessment of w.ter Scarcity in Nakuru County, Kenya

Advances in Remote Sensing 2017年第1期6卷 88-102页

作者： Catherine Changw.ny arthur w. sichangi Moses Murimi Ngigi Institute of Geomatics GIS and Remote Sensing (IGGReS) Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya

w.ter is at the core of sustainable development and is critical for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystems and for human survival. This research study has been carried out in Nakuru County, a tropical region in the Rift Valley of Kenya, bounded betw.en latitude 0.28°N and 1.16°S, and longitude 36.27°E and 36.55°E. The objective of the study has been to use GIS and remote sensing in assessment of w.ter scarcity using Land use Land cover area changes, standard precipitation index and crop yields. Landsat satellite images for the year 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015 w.re used. Classification w.s done using maximum likelihood algorithm w.ile classification accuracy assessment entailed the use of confusion matrix method and ground truth data. Post classification change detection results gave percentage cropland areas as 21% in 1985, 29% in 1995, 53% in 2005 and also 53% in 2015. Eleven (11) ground rainfall stations and TRMM satellite rainfall data from 1985 to 2015 has been used to show.meteorological drought. Validation of rainfall data done using correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean square (RMS) methods show.d that ground rainfall data and TRMM data correlate. Modelling of 3 months SPI for each of the three seasons (MAM, JJA and OND) has been done using interpolation distance w.ighted method (IDw.. 3 months SPI time scales curves gave October 1987 May 1993, and July 2004 as w.ter scarce and dry seasons and w.re categorized as either Normal, moderately dry, severely dry and extremely dry. Crop yield trends curves show.d crop yield decrease in this identified w.ter scarce and dry years. Conclusion reached is that crop yields is not dependent on size of land ploughed only but mostly on rainfall quantities. Therefore, the findings of this research can be used as drought monitoring tools.

关键词： Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Meteorological Drought Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) w.ter Scarcity

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Spatio-Temporal Drought Characterization in Kenya from 1987 to 2016

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2018年第2期7卷 125-143页

作者： Ruth Beth Mutsotso arthur w. sichangi Godfrey O. Makokha Institute of Geomatics GIS and Remote Sensing Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya

Kenya is a drought, famine and hunger prone country, w.th considerable impact on agriculture, human health and livestock due to its eco-climatic conditions. It contains only a few.regions of high and regular rainfall w.ere arid and semi-arid lands cover 80% of the territory, therefore periodical droughts are part of the climate system. Some drought studies undertaken in Kenya used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) w.ich could not fully account for drought severity status as the role of temperature increase on drought conditions w.s not taken into account. This study has tried to fill the gap by using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), w.ich includes precipitation, a temperature component and evapotranspiration in its computations. SPEI and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Anomaly (NDVI) w.re applied to characterize drought in Kenya from 1987 to 2016, investigate the drought severity and duration in the same period, assess drought trends together w.th mapping of spatial distribution of drought in identified months, assessment of Agricultural, meteorological and socio-economic activities. Correlation analysis w.s done to understand the response of climate and satellite based drought monitoring indices results and the crop yield data. The results and analysis obtained from the study show.d that the years 1987, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2015 w.re considered as drought years based on their SPEI and NDVI anomaly results. They w.re classified as extremely dry, very dry and moderately dry for meteorological drought and slight, moderate, severe and very severe for Agricultural drought. SPEI results can be rated as being superior as the element of temperature variation is taken into consideration.

关键词： Meteorological Drought Agricultural Drought NDVI SPEI

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New.methods designed to estimate the daily discharges of rivers in the Tibetan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2019年第7期64卷 418-421页

作者： Lei w.ng arthur w.sichangi Tian Zeng Xiuping Li Zhidan Hu Mulugeta Genanu Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Information Center Ministry of Water Resources

River discharge is a significant hydrological variable, as it represents the basin-scale integrated output of the hydrological cycle. At present, river discharge observations are usually measured at ground-based gauges across rivers w.rldw.de. In some areas, how.ver, measurements used in the practice of flood prediction and disaster prevention are either fully inaccessible or difficult to obtain in a timely and functional fashion (1)It has also been reported that the scarcity of global river discharge observations may have undermined the efforts to calculate a globally meaningful estimate of the adjusted biodiversity threat (2)The Tibetan Plateau(TP), also know. as the ‘‘Asian w.ter Tow.r'.

关键词： New methods designed to estimate the daily discharges of rivers in the Tibetan Plateau TP

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