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Remote ischaemic conditioning for stroke: unanswered questions and future directions

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 298-309页

作者： Sheharyar Baig Bethany Moyle Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair Jessica Redgrave arshad majid Ali Ali Cerebrovascular Medicine The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceSheffieldUK Neurosciences Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Sheffield NIHR Biomedical Research Centre The University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Remote ischaemic conditioning(RIC)refers to a process whereby periods of intermittent ischaemia,typically via the cyclical application of a blood pressure cuff to a limb at above systolic pressure,confers systemic protection against ischaemia in spatially distinct vascular *** mechanisms underlying this have not been characterised fully but have been shown to involve neural,hormonal and systemic inflammatory signalling *** and early clinical studies have been promising and suggest beneficial effects of RIC in acute ischaemic stroke,symptomatic intracranial stenosis and vascular cognitive *** systematic searches of several clinical trials databases we identified 48 active clinical trials of RIC in ischaemic stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid *** summarise the different RIC protocols and outcome measures studied in ongoing clinical trials and highlight which studies are most likely to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of RIC and characterise its efficacy in the near *** discuss the uncertainties of RIC including the optimal frequency and duration of therapy,target patient groups,cost-effectiveness,the confounding impact of medications and the absence of a clinically meaningful biomarker of the conditioning *** several large clinical trials of RIC expected to report their outcomes within the next 2 years,this review aims to highlight the most important studies and unanswered questions that will need to be addressed before this potentially widely accessible and low-cost intervention can be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Remote directions founding

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脑缺血与缺血耐受

国际脑血管病杂志 2006年第3期14卷 190+195-196页

作者： Daniel Zemke Jeremy L.Smith Mathew J.Reeves arshad majid 孙明徐超 Fromthe Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology Michigan State UniversityEastLansingMI48824USA Neuroscience Program Michigan State UniversityEastLan-singMI48824USA Department of Epidemiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA 北京市神经外科研究所

在美国,卒中是死亡的第三大原因和成人致残的首要原因。本文概述了卒中后导致细胞死亡的通路,并对目前有关缺血耐受现象的文献加以总结。缺血耐受是一种内源性神经保护机制,通过这一机制保护神经元免受卒中期间和卒中后出现的脑缺血有... 详细信息

在美国,卒中是死亡的第三大原因和成人致残的首要原因。本文概述了卒中后导致细胞死亡的通路,并对目前有关缺血耐受现象的文献加以总结。缺血耐受是一种内源性神经保护机制,通过这一机制保护神经元免受卒中期间和卒中后出现的脑缺血有害效应。深入了解卒中后导致细胞死亡的过程和诸如缺血耐受之类的内源性神经保护机制,有助于为这种破坏性神经疾病找到新的治疗策略。

关键词：卒中缺血耐受预处理

Opportunistic infection of Aspergillus and bacteria in captive Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第5期3卷 401-406页

作者： Stephen Chege Judith Howlett majid Al Qassimi arshad Toosy Joerg Kinne Vincent Obanda Life Sciences Department Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort Central Veterinary Research Laboratories Veterinary Services Department Kenya Wildlife Service

Objective:To describe clinical signs,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of Cape vultures in which Aspergillus fumigatus(***)and mixed species of bacteria were ***:Six Cape vultures sourced from South Africa for exhibition at Al Ain Zoo developed illness manifesting as anorexia,dyspnea,polyuria and *** vultures died manifesting"pneumonia-like syndrome".These three vultures were necropsied and gross lesions recorded,while organ tissues were collected for *** organs were swabbed for bacteriology and *** live vultures,blood was collected for hematology and biochemistry,oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected for mycology and ***:*** was isolated from the three dead vultures and two live ones that eventually *** of the dead vulture and two live vultures were co-infected with *** and mixed species of bacteria that included Clostridium perfringens,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Escherichia,Proteus,Enterococcus and *** of the Cape vulture and a Lappetfaced vulture,however,were free of Aspergillus or bacterial *** necropsy,intestinal hemorrhages were observed and the lungs were overtly congested with granulomas present on caudal air *** examinations demonstrated granulomatous lesions that were infiltrated by mononuclear cells and giant ***:Aspergillosis is a persistent threat to captive birds and we recommend routine health assessments so that early diagnosis may prompt early *** is likely that prompt prophylaxis by broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungals medication contributed to the survival of some of the vultures.

关键词： Aspergillosis Cape vultures Wild birds Aspergillus Bacteria

Numerical and experimental study of wave shaper effects on detonation wave front

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第1期14卷 45-50页

作者： Khalid Naeem arshad Hussain SCME (NUST) Islamabad Simulation Lab.Room 113 SCME NUST H-12 Campus SCME (NUST) H-12 Campus

In the current study, streak camera was used to find concentricity of the assembly during detonation,investigate and compare shock front within the high explosive and behavior of the shock front on the surface of the liner, one containing wave shaper and the other without wave shaper. Streaks revealed that the whole assembly was concentric till the formation of the jet. Observed streaks vindicate the uniform propagation of shock front in both the cases. Results obtained for shock front velocities are in agreement with those obtained from simulations. In the presence of wave shaper higher shock front velocity was observed both in simulation and experiment. Simulation without wave-shaper showed that shock front struck the copper cone at grazing angle while in the presence of wave-shaper it struck at an angle of 125.

关键词： Shock front Streak camera Simulation Wave shaper

Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) Modeling of Heat Transfer in a Polymeric Membrane using Finite Volume Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第6期25卷 564-570页

作者： Muhammad Ahsan arshad Hussain School of Chemical and Materials Engineering(SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)

The efficiency,robustness and reliability of recent numerical methods for finding solutions to flow problems have given rise to the implementation of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) as a broadly used analysis method for engineering problems like membrane separation *** CFD modeling in this study observes steady and unsteady(transient) heat flux and temperature profiles in a polymeric(cellulose acetate) *** study is novel due to the implementation of user defined scalar(UDS) diffusion equation by using user-defined functions(UDFs) infinite volume method(FVM).Some details of the FVM used by the solver are carefully discussed when implementing terms in the governing equation and boundary conditions(BC).The contours of temperature due to high-temperature gradient are reported for steady and unsteady problems.

关键词： unsteady solver scalar polymeric Membrane robustness governing carefully details discretization

Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： arshad ASHRAF Imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., 100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

Evaluation of glacial resource potential for sustaining kuhl irrigation system under changing climate in the Himalayan region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1150-1159页

作者： arshad ASHRAF Adeela BATOOL Climate Energy and Water Research Institute National Agricultural Research Center (NARC)

A large numbers of mountain communities in the Himalayan region depend on glacier-fed kuhl system – gravity flow irrigation, for their sustenance. The depletion and retreat of glaciers often result in disruption of melt flows to kuhl system, which ultimately impacts the agriculture as well as livelihood of the local communities. Sustainability of glacial resource was assessed for establishing kuhl irrigation system based on indices of glacier decrease by number(GDN) and glacier depletion by volume(GDV) during the 2001-2013 period. The selected factors are important in terms of understanding point source and reserve potential of glaciers for sustaining glacier-fed kuhl irrigation in this region. The sustainability of glaciers was found good(i.e. a least decrease or rather increase in glacier number and volume) in about 23.6% glaciers(ice reserves about 705.9 km^3) under >10 km^2 area class of glaciers mainly in Gilgit and Shigar river basins of the Karakoram range. In the 5–10 km^2 class of glaciers, sustainability was good in 49 glaciers(ice reserve 26.59 km^3) and under 1–5 km^2 class, in 558 glaciers(ice reserve 60.189 km^3). Overall sustainability of glaciers appears to prevail in the Karakoram basins. The lesser sustainability of glaciers in the Himalaya basins like Astore and Jhelum would apparently be compensated by monsoon and change in rainfall pattern. A regular monitoring of the glacier resource and utilizing advance water conservation techniques would help in coping with negative impacts of downwasting of glaciers and provide long-term support to kuhl irrigation system in the Himalayan region in future.

关键词： Kuhl irrigation Glacial resource Karakoram Himalaya Hindu Kush

Novel traveling wave solutions and stability analysis of perturbed Kaup-Newell Schrodinger dynamical model and its applications

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 154-163页

作者： Xiaoyong Qian Dianchen Lu Muhammad arshad Khurrem Shehzad Faculty of Science Jiangsu UriversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistan

We study the traveling wave and other solutions of the perturbed Kaup-Newell Schrodinger dynamical equation that signifies long waves parallel to the magnetic *** wave solutions such as bright-dark(solitons),solitary waves,periodic and other wave solutions of the perturbed Kaup-Newell Schrodinger equation in mathematical physics are achieved by utilizing two mathematical techniques,namely,the extended F-expansion technique and the proposed exp(-φ(ξ))-expansion *** dynamical model describes propagation of pluses in optical fibers and can be observed as a special case of the generalized higher order nonlinear Schrodinger *** engineering and applied physics,these wave results have key ***,the structures of some solutions are presented by giving specific values to *** using modulation instability analysis,the stability of the model is tested,which shows that the model is stable and the solutions are *** techniques can be fruitfully employed to further sculpt models that arise in mathematical physics.

关键词： extended F-expansion method generalized exp(-φ(ξ))-expansion technique perturbed Kaup-Newell Schr?dinger equation traveling wave solutions

Simulation of Vortex-Induced Vibrations of A Cylinder Using ANSYS CFX Rigid Body Solver

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China Ocean Engineering 2017年第1期31卷 79-90页

作者： IZHAR Abubakar QURESHI arshad Hussain KHUSHNOOD Shahab University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan

This article simulates the vortex-induced oscillations of a rigid circular cylinder with elastic support using the new ANSYS CFX rigid body solver. This solver requires no solid mesh to setup FSI（Fluid Structure Interaction）simulation. The two-way case was setup in CFX only. Specific mass of the cylinder and flow conditions were similar to previous experimental data with mass damping parameter equal to 0.04, specific mass of 1 and Reynolds number of 3800. Two dimensional simulations were setup. Both one-degree-of-freedom and two-degree-of-freedom cases were run and results were obtained for both cases with reasonable accuracy as compared with experimental ***-figure XY trajectory and lock-in behavior were clearly captured. The obtained results were satisfactory.

关键词： cylinder solver Reynolds vortex freedom Vortex circular satisfactory figure captured