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Community Soil Resources Management for Sub-Saharan West Africa： Case Study of the Gourma Region in Burkina Faso

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第1期2卷 24-39页

作者： Mamadou Traore hema Belo Barry Ousmane Tamani Souare Tiekoura Guillaume Ouattara IDR/UPB Institut du Ddveloppement Rural Universitd P olytechnique de Bobo Bobo-Dioulasso O1 BP 1091 Burkina Faso BUNASOLS Bureau National des Sols Ouagadougou 03 BP 7142 Burkina Faso

A study on community soil fertility management concepts and practices was conducted through rapid and participatory method of research in 15 villages of the Gourma region in Eastern part of Burkina Faso. These investigations aimed at determining farmers＇ knowledge on soil resources： local soil taxonomy and indicators of soil degradation, soil fertility management practices, and capacity for adoption of new technologies in soil fertility management. The results of the study showed that the main parameter for soil classification for all the investigated villages was soil texture composition; soil degradation was evaluated according to crops yield decrease and the development Striga sp. in 100% of the investigated villages; the use of organic manure and long term fellow were the main practices for soil fertility management; concerning the villages where modem technologies of soil fertility management were introduced, the lack of tools and capacity building were the main limiting factors of the adoption of these improved practices at small scale farmers＇ level. Even if discordance between scientific and local soil taxonomy were revealed by our investigations; significant similarities between indigenous and scientific indices of soil degradation were noticed. With regard to the actual magnitude of soil degradation; the local techniques of soil fertility management need to be improved and accessible to a big number of farmers.

关键词： Burkina Faso Gourma region small scale farmers rapid and participatory method of research local soil taxonomy local indices of soil degradation soil fertility management.

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Two diglucosylated anthocyanins from <i>Combretum paniculatum</i>flowers

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Natural Science 2012年第3期4卷 166-169页

作者： Adama hema Eloi Pale Pierre Duez Michel Luhmer Mouhoussine Nacro Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Physique Appliquées Département de Chimie UFR-SEA Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Physique Appliquées Département de Chimie UFR-SEA Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine Institut de Pharmacie Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgique Laboratoire de RMN Haute Résolution Département de Chimie Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgiqu

From Combretum paniculatum flowers, two diglucosylated derivatives from cyanidin and pelargonidin were identified using chromatographic (TLC), chemical (degradation by hydrolysis, tests of revelations) and spectral [UV-visible, 1H-NMR (1H and 13C, TOCSY-1D, DQF-COSY, NOESY-2D)] methods. These pigments were found to consist of cyanidin 3,5-O-β-D-diglu-copyranoside and pelargonidin 3。

关键词： Combretum paniculatum Diglucosylated Anthocyanins Cyanidin Pelargonidin

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Agricultural Soil Fertilizing Potential of Dry Faecal Sludge from Treatment Plants in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第6期12卷 225-241页

作者： Sabiriba Alain hema Mamadou Traore Kalifa Coulibaly Bazoumana Koulibaly Hassan Bismarck Nacro Nazi BONI University Laboratory of Study and Research on Soil Fertility Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (IneRA) Cotton Program Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS are processed in faecal treatment plants. However, after drying, the DFS are most often dumped in the nature without any control or directly used as fertilizer without any idea of their potential risks for human health and the environment. This investigation aimed at physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of the DFS from faecal treatment plants according to the duration of their storage. For this purpose, DFS samples were collected in three (3) faecal treatment plants in Ouagadougou and one in Bobo Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso. The measurements were carried out on pH (H2O), organic matter content, major nutrients (N, P, K), trace elements (Na, Ca and Mg) and metallic trace elements. Indifferently to the faecal treatment plants and the duration of the storage, the DFS showed strong acidity (4.85 ± 0.13 et 6.53 ± 0.10) and low content in total elements (Na à40.97% ± 9.99%). Values recorded of the trace metallic elements showed there were no risk of contamination when used as fertilizers: (103.9 ± 2.00 mg/kg < Cu < 137 ± 25.69 mg/kg);(710.13 ± 18.97 mg/kg < Zn < 922.30 ± 7.04 mg/kg);(33.03 ± 1.65 mg/kg < Pb < 152.40 ± 19.40 mg/kg);(1.34 ± 0.17 mg/kg < Cd < 1.76 ± 0.04 mg/kg);(34.34 ± 0.27 mg/kg < Ni < 52.32 ± 3.60 mg/kg) et (771.15 ± 18.36 mg/kg < Cr < 1697.83 ± 55.11 mg/kg). The results indicated a high fertilizer potential of the DFS after addressing the issue of their acidity.

关键词： Toxicity Agronomic Potential Dry Faecal Sludge Burkina Faso

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Isolation and Characterization of Anthocyanins in Four Varieties of Vigna subterranea (Fabaceae)

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022年第2期12卷 102-115页

作者： Abel Mbaiogaou Salomon Madjitoloum Betoloum Severin Mbaihougadobe Michel Naitormbaide Adama hema Eloi Pale Training and Research Unit in Exact and Applied Sciences Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Applied Physic Department of Chemistry University de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Research on Natural Substances Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences (F.P.A.S.) University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Chadian Institute of Agronomic Research for Development (CIARD) Deli Chad

By chromatographic methods (HPLC, TLC) coupled with spectral methods (LC-MS, TLC-MS) and chemical revelation tests, anthocyanins from four Vigna subterranea varieties (M4, D3, KVS350, KVS97) were isolated and identified as malvidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, paeonidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, petunidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, del- pinidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.

关键词： Fabaceae Vigna subterranea Malvidin Paeonidin Petunidin Cyanidin Delphinidin

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Pseudoband formation: Missed ATFL tears on MR imaging

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2013年第3期3卷 137-141页

作者： Vajid Khan Jatin Kaicker James Namburi Pawel Stefanksi Bradley Petrisor hema Choudur Department of Medical Imaging McMaster University Hamilton Canada Department of Orthopedic Surgery McMaster University Hamilton Canada

Background: The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the ligament most commonly injured during ankle sprains. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging for ATFL with open surgery, Brostrom-Gould surgical interventional considered the gold standard. Methods: A retrospective chart review using Operating Room (OR) and MR reports from April 2008-November 2009 led to a review of 137 charts, with 15 cases meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: The sensitivity for ATFL tears irrespective of extent of the tear was 93%. For full thickness ATFL tears, 10 were found to be positive on MR but 13 on OR with a sensitivity of 77%. Of the three missed cases, 2 were described as sprain injuries and the other normal using MRI. Conclusion: The recommendations for MR assessment of ankle injury include use of dedicated sequences and understanding the “pseudoband” concept. The two full thickness and two partial thickness tears on OR described as sprain injuries on MRI had a band of inflammatory granulation tissue. This tissue accounted for the appearance of the thick continuous band at MRI, the pseudoband. This study reaffirms the usefulness of MR in determining ATFL tears, aiding surgical decision making.

关键词： ATFL Tear Brostrom-Gould Surgery Pseudoband

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Attributable cost of a nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第1期6卷 79-84页

作者： Binila Chacko Kurien Thomas Thambu David hema Paul Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan John Victor Peter Medical ICU Division of Critical Care Christian Medical College Department of Medicine Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Medicine Ⅱ Christian Medical College Hospital Infection Control Committee Christian Medical College Department of Biostatistics Christian Medical College

AIM To study the impact of hospital-acquired infections(HAIs) on cost and outcome from intensive care units(ICU) in India. METHODS Adult patients(> 18 years) admitted over 1-year, to a 24-bed medical critical care unit in India, were enrolled prospectively. Treatment cost and outcome data were collected. This cost data was merged with HAI data collected prospectively by the Hospital Infection Control Committee. Only infections occurring during ICU stay were included. The impact of HAI on treatment cost and mortality was assessed. RESULTS The mean(± SD) age of the cohort(n = 499) was42.3 ± 16.5 years. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ score was 13.9(95%CI: 13.3-14.5); 86% were ventilated. ICU and hospital length of stay were 7.8 ± 5.5 and 13.9 ± 10 d respectively. Hospital mortality was 27.9%. During ICU stay, 76(15.3%) patients developed an infection(ventilator-associated pneumonia 50; bloodstream infection 35; urinary tract infections 3), translating to 19.7 infections/1000 ICU days. When compared with those who did not develop an infection, an infection occurring during ICU stay was associated with significantly higher treatment cost [median(inter-quartile range, IQR) INR 92893(USD 1523)(IQR 57168-140286) vs INR 180469(USD 2958)(IQR 140030-237525); P < 0.001 and longer duration of ICU(6.7 ± 4.5 d vs 13.4 ± 7.0 d; P < 0.01) and hospital stay(12.4 ± 8.2 d vs 21.8 ± 13.9 d; P < 0.001)]. However ICU acquired infections did not impact hospital mortality(31.6% vs 27.2%; P = 0.49).CONCLUSION An infection acquired during ICU stay was associated with doubling of treatment cost and prolonged hospitalization but did not significantly increase mortality.

关键词： Attributable cost Nosocomial infection Length of stay Mortality Intensive care

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Quantification of Tannins in Four Species of Genus Mucna Seeds

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2022年第4期12卷 73-80页

作者： Abel Mbaiogaou Severin Mbaihougadobe Salomon Madjitoloum Betoloum Adama hema Eloi Pale Samaté Dorosso Abdoul Laboratory of Research on Natural Substances Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences (F.P.A.S.) University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Applied Physics Department of Chemistry UFR-SEA University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In order to make Mucuna seeds consumable, seeds are treated according to the following procedures: boiling, soaking followed by boiling in the presence of 0.5% KOH and finally soaking for a long time followed by boiling in the presence of 0.5% KOH, so that tannins can be removed. Preliminary studies done on the raw seeds of four Mucuna species revealed the presence of tannins. The results showed that the crushed seeds contained all high tannin with the content of 0.370 g GAE/100g DM, 0.336 g GAE/100g DM;0.266 g GAE/100g DM and 0.203 g GAE/100g DM for Mucuna deerigiana, Mucuna nagaland, Mucuna cochinchinensis and Mucuna rajada respectively. The different methods of seed treatment significantly reduced the tannin content in Mucuna seeds. The method of soaking the seeds for 12 hours and then scalding in the presence of 0.5% KOH reduced tannins in Mucuna deerigiana, Mucuna nagaland, Mucuna cochinchinensis, and Mucuna rajada seeds by 47.29%;48.21%;66.16%;and 15.76% respectively. This method gave the highest tannin reduction rate.

关键词： Quantification Tannins Reduction Rate Mucuna Burkina-Faso

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Artificial intelligence powered glucose monitoring and controlling system:Pumping module

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 100-112页

作者： Sravani Medanki Nikhil Dommati hema Harshitha Bodapati Venkata Naga Sai Kowsik Katru Gollapalli Moses Abhishek Komaraju Nanda Sai Donepudi Dhanya Yalamanchili Jasti Sateesh Pratap Turimerla Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering CollegeVijayawada 520007Andhra PradeshIndia Department of General Medicine Siddhartha Government Medical CollegeVijayawada 520008Andhra PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Diabetes,a globally escalating health concern,necessitates innovative solutions for efficient detection and *** glucose control is an essential aspect of managing diabetes and finding the most effective ways to control *** latest findings suggest that a basal insulin administration rate and a single,highconcentration injection before a meal may not be sufficient to maintain healthy blood glucose *** the basal insulin rate treatment can stabilize blood glucose levels over the long term,it may not be enough to bring the levels below the post-meal limit after 60 *** short-term impacts of meals can be greatly reduced by high-concentration injections,which can help stabilize blood glucose ***,they cannot provide long-term stability to satisfy the postmeal or pre-meal ***,proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control with basal dose maintains the blood glucose levels within the range for a longer *** To develop a closed-loop electronic system to pump required insulin into the patient's body automatically in synchronization with glucose sensor *** The proposed system integrates a glucose sensor,decision unit,and pumping module to specifically address the pumping of insulin and enhance system *** as the intelligence hub,the decision unit analyzes data from the glucose sensor to determine the optimal insulin dosage,guided by a pre-existing glucose and insulin level *** artificial intelligence detection block processes this information,providing decision instructions to the pumping *** with communication antennas,the glucose sensor and micropump operate in a feedback loop,creating a closed-loop system that eliminates the need for manual *** The incorporation of a PID controller to assess and regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in individuals with diabetes introduces a sophisticated and dynamic element to diabetes ***

关键词： Diabetes Hyperglycemia Insulin Micropump Closed loop systems Artificial intelligence automation

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Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Induced from Masonry Made of Stabilized Compressed Earth Block vs Conventional Cementitious Material

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2019年第6期7卷 385-403页

作者： Hassane Seini Moussa Philbert Nshimiyimana Césaire hema Ousmane Zoungrana Adamah Messan Luc Courard Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE) Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux et Habitats Durables (LEMHaD) Rue de la Science Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université de Liège (ULiège) Urban and Environmental Engineering (UEE) Liège Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Architecture et Climat Louvain-La-Neuve Belgium Université de Liège (ULiège) Service socio-anthropologie du développement Liège Belgium

This paper investigates the stabilization effect on compressed earth blocks (CEB) produced from quartz-kaolinite rich earthen material stabilized with 0% - 25% calcium carbide residue (CCR). The paper evaluated various physico-thermal properties of the stabilized CEB and thermal comfort in the model building made of CEB masonry. The optical properties of CEB were evaluated from the mineral composition of the earthen material and CCR and apparent density of the CEB. A simulation was carried out on naturally ventilated model building whose masonry is made of CCR stabilized CEB comparing to the so-called conventional cementitious materials such as cement blocks and concrete. The results showed a decrease of the apparent density of the CEB from 2100 kg·m–3 for unstabilized CEB (0% CCR) to 1600 kg·m–3 for 25% CCR stabilized CEB. The thermal conductivity and depth of penetration of the heat flux on a 24 hours period of CEB respectively decreased from 1 W·m–1·K–1 and 12.7 cm for 0% CCR-CEB to 0.5 W·m–1·K–1 and 10.2 cm for 25% CCR-CEB. The emissivity, solar absorptivity and visible absorptivity of the CEB respectively decreased from 0.82, 0.82 and 0.82 for 0% CCR-CEB to 0.80, 0.64 and 0.64 for 25% CCR-CEB. The number of hours of warm and humid thermal discomfort was impacted for stabilized CEB based masonry in comparison with cement based masonry. The warm discomfort in building made of 20% CCR-CEB masonry was 400 hours lesser than that in building made of hollow cement blocks masonry. If air conditioning system is used to keep the indoor temperature below 28°C, the economy of 310,000 CFA francs (535 USD) is made every year on energy consumption for cooling in the model building made of 20% CCR-CEB masonry, corresponding to 9.6% less, with respect to that made of hollow cement blocks masonry.

关键词： Calcium Carbide Residue Compressed Earth Block Cementitious Materials Energy Plus Software Thermal Comfort

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Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and tissue resident memory cells in colorectal cancer based on microsatellite instability and BRAF status

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第4期12卷 238-248页

作者： James Wei Tatt Toh Angela L Ferguson Kevin J Spring hema Mahajan Umaimainthan Palendira Division of Surgery and Anaesthesia Department of Colorectal SurgeryWestmead HospitalWestmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchWestmead 2145NSWAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthHuman Viral&Cancer ImmunologyCentenary InstituteCharles Perkin CentreThe University of SydneySydney 2000NSWAustralia Medical Oncology Group Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool HospitalLiverpool Clinical SchoolUniversity of Western SydneySouth Western Clinical School UNSWLiverpool 2170NSWAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology ICPMRWestmead HospitalWestmead 2145NSWAustralia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydney 2000NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Recent studies in non-colorectal malignancy have associated T resident memory(T_(RM)) cells with improved patient survival. It is unknown if T_(RM) plays a role in colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To examine the potential role of T_(RM) cells in providing immunogenicity in CRC stratified by microsatellite instability(MSI) and BRAF *** Patients with known MSI and BRAF mutation status were eligible for inclusion in this study. CRC tumour sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were microscopically reviewed and the images scanned prior to assessment for location of invading edge and core of tumour. Sequential sections were prepared for quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry(IHC) staining. Opal Multiplex IHC staining was performed with appropriate positive and negative controls and imaged using a standard fluorescent microscope fitted with a spectral scanning camera(Mantra) in conjunction with Mantra snap software. Images were unmixed and annotated in in Form 2.2.0. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism Version 7 and Stata Version *** Seventy-two patients with known MSI and BRAF status were included in the study. All patients were assessed for MSI by IHC and high resolution capillary electrophoresis testing and 44 of these patients successfully underwent quantitative multiplex IHC staining. Overall, there was a statistically significant increase in CD8+ T_(RM) cells in the MSI(BRAF mutant and wild type) group over the microsatellite stable(MSS) group. There was a statistically significant difference in CD8+ T_(RM) between high level MSI(MSI-H):BRAF mutant [22.57, 95% confidence interval(CI): 14.31-30.84] vs MSS [8.031(95%CI: 4.698-11.36)], P = 0.0076 and MSI-H:BRAF wild type [16.18(95%CI: 10.44-21.93)] vs MSS [8.031(95%CI: 4.698-11.36)], P = 0.0279. There was no statistically significant difference in CD8 T cells(both CD8+CD103-and CD8+CD103+T_(RM)) between MSI-H: BRAF mutant and wild type *** This study has

关键词： Tissue resident memory cells Resident memory T cells Colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability BRAF DNA mismatch repair Immunotherapy Prognosis

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