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Novel nanobubble technology in food science:Application and mechanism

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Food Innovation and Advances 2023年第2期2卷 135-144页

作者： Miral Javed Anam Matloob Fatima-ezzahra Ettoumi arooj rehman sheikh Ruyuan Zhang Yanqun Xu Zhejiang University College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceHangzhou 310058People's Republic of China National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistan Ningbo Innovation Centre Zhejiang UniversityNingbo 315100People's Republic of China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA

Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry ***(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 *** mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raises growing interest due to their high stability,internal pressure,and an enormous surface-to-volume ***,they can increase surface area,alter the physicochemical characteristics of the medium,and facilitate mass *** with their size and stability,air,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,NBs are widely recognized for their significance in food *** potential existence and ability of NBs to remain stable in liquids under ambient conditions have been a contentious issue for a long time due to the conventional thermodynamic *** this review,fundamental properties,and several generation methods of NBs have been described along with their ***,NBs generation methods can produce fine and undeviating gas diffusion characteristics,which can be used to control the uniformity and textural qualities of various creamy and gel-based ***,we also described the possible applications of NBs along with their mechanism of action in extraction,freezing,foams,and film *** ability of NBs to impart health benefits makes them new,improved,and environmentally safe green techniques.

关键词： mechanism theory bubble

Emotion Recognition from Occluded Facial Images Using Deep Ensemble Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4465-4487页

作者： Zia Ullah Muhammad Ismail Mohmand Sadaqat ur rehman Muhammad Zubair Maha Driss Wadii Boulila Rayan sheikh Ibrahim Alwawi Department of Computer Science The Brains InstitutePeshawar25000Pakistan School of Natural and Computing Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Medical SchoolLeuven3000Belgium Security Engineering Laboratory CCISPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh12435Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet of Things Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh12435Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Robert Gordon UniversityAberdeenUK

Facial expression recognition has been a hot topic for decades,but high intraclass variation makes it *** overcome intraclass variation for visual recognition,we introduce a novel fusion methodology,in which the proposed model first extract features followed by feature ***,RestNet-50,VGG-19,and Inception-V3 is used to ensure feature learning followed by feature ***,the three feature extraction models are utilized using Ensemble Learning techniques for final expression *** representation learnt by the proposed methodology is robust to occlusions and pose variations and offers promising *** evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model,we use two wild benchmark datasets Real-world Affective Faces Database(RAF-DB)and AffectNet for facial expression *** proposed model classifies the emotions into seven different categories namely:happiness,anger,fear,disgust,sadness,surprise,and ***,the performance of the proposed model is also compared with other algorithms focusing on the analysis of computational cost,convergence and accuracy based on a standard problem specific to classification applications.

关键词： Ensemble learning emotion recognition feature fusion occlusion

Use of instantaneous energy of ABR signals for fast detection of wave V

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第8期3卷 816-821页

作者： Adeela arooj Mohd Rushaidin Muhamed sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh Mohd Hafizi Omar Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science Engineering University Technology Malaysia

Brainstem evoked response audiometry is a powerful diagnostic technique in audiology, otology and neurology. ABR(Auditory Brainstem Response) machine has been very useful and popular in past two decades for detection of hearing defects and pathologies in newborns and children. In ABR, wave V is the most prominent and robust wave that has been used as indicator of hearing loss. However, a fast detection of the wave V is necessary in order to implement newborn hearing screening. Researchers have introduced different kind of signal processing technique in order to achieve this target and one of this is Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Wavelet Transform. In this study, the instantaneous energy of ABR signal had been introduced as a marker to identify the ABR waves. Study showed that the instantaneous energy of auditory brainstem response can be used as a marker to identify the ABR waves. This study had proposed a platform for fast hearing screening system.

关键词： Auditory Brainstem Response Neonate Hearing Screening Instantaneous Energy

Nonparametric Spectral Estimation Technique to Estimate Dominant Frequency for Atrial Fibrillation Detection

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2015年第4期6卷 266-276页

作者： Shafa-at Ali sheikh Aftab Zafar Majoka Khalil Ur rehman Nauman Razzaq Tahir Zaidi Department of Electrical Engineering College of E&ME National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CASE University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Islamabad Pakistan

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is related with heart failure, stroke, and high mortality rates. In frequency domain analysis, pre-requisite for Afib detection has been the estimation of reliable dominant frequency (DF) of atrial signals via different spectral estimation techniques. DF further characterizes Afib, and helps in its treatment. This paper aims at finding the most appropriate nonparametric FFT-based spectral estimation technique to estimate reliable DF for Afib detection. In this work, real-time intra-atrial electrograms have been acquired and pre-processed for frequency analysis. DF is estimated via Bartlett using Hanning window, and Welch methods. Regularity index (RI), a parameter to ensure reliability of DF, is calculated using Simpson 3/8 and Trapezoidal rules. The best method is declared based upon high accuracy of Afib detection using reliable DF. On comparison, Welch method is found to be more appropriate to estimate reliable DF for Afib detection with 98% accuracy.

关键词： Atrial Fibrillation Dominant Frequency Regularity Index Nonparametric Spectral Estimation Techniques Welch Method

Initial search for low grade clay in Pakistan for producing LC^(3) ecofriendly cement

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Low-carbon Materials and Green Construction 2023年第1期1卷 193-204页

作者： Syed Muhammad Fahad Hussain Muhammad Danyal sheikh Tariq Jamil Asad-ur-rehman Khan Tehmina Ayub Chuanlin Hu Department of Mechanical Engineering NED University of Engineering&Technology University RoadKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering NED University of Engineering&Technology University RoadKarachi 75270Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Industrialization has though brought comfort to our daily lives,but it has placed a lot of pressure on the planet’s natural resources,subsequently,it has adversely affected the *** the need for cement in the construction sector has grown,it has climbed dramatically *** the world,more than 10 billion cubic meters of concrete are produced each year;it is doubtful that this volume will decrease.A significant expected rise in CO_(2) emissions is caused by increased cement *** to the UN Environment Program,buildings are responsible for up to 41%of global anthropogenic carbon *** primary source of greenhouse gases utilized in the manufacturing of cement is *** to the unsustainable supply of fly ash,calcined clay appears to be a better Supplemental Cementitious Material(SCMs).Kaolin clay is widely available in *** purpose of this investigation is to describe the mineral and thermal characteristics of Pakistani clays by examining their geographic *** samples were gathered from 39 different places throughout Pakistan during a field investigation program.X-ray diffraction,X-ray Fluorescence,Reactivity,and thermogravimetric analyses were used to analyze the clay samples’mineral content and thermal *** study demonstrates that Pakistan has a substantial amount of kaolin clay reserves close to existing groups of cement *** clays can be utilized as SCM in the production of limestone calcined clay cement(LC^(3))due to the country’s vast kaolin clay *** study further supports the viability of producing LC^(3) in the nation by providing a thorough analysis of the cement business,known deposits of qualifying clay,and the country’s cement production process.

关键词： Pakistani clay Kaolinite content SCM Cement Deposits

Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: Pakistan experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第40期15卷 5080-5085页

作者： Muhammad Idrees Shazia Rafi que Irshad-ur rehman Haji Akbar Muhammad Zubair Yousaf Sadia Butt Zunaira Awan Sobia Manzoor Madiha Akram Mahwish Aftab Bushra Khubaib sheikh Riazuddin Division of Molecular Virology & Molecular Diagnostics National Centre of Excellence in Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Punjab Lahore National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore

AIM: To assess the association between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Pakistan, and the genotype distribution among these HCC ***: One hundred and sixty-one subjects with HCC were included in this study. Liver biopsy was performed on 145 of the patients; sixteen were excluded because they failed to fulfill the inclusion criteria. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for hepatitis B virus and HCV. Samples positive for HCV RNA were genotyped using genotype-specif ic PCR and conf irmed by HCV 5' noncoding region sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Chronic HCV infection was identified a major risk factor (63.44% of tested HCC patients) forthe development of HCC. The time from HCV infection to appearance of cancer was 10-50 years. In the HCC patient population, broader distributions of genotypes were present with genotype 3a as the predominant genotype. Using the type-specific genotyping method, we found HCV genotype 3a in 40.96%, 3b in 15.66%, 1a in 9.63%, and 1b in 2.40% of HCC tissue samples. About 28% of cases were found with mixed genotypes. Two cases were unable to be genotyped because of low viral load. Sixty-six percent of treated patients with cirrhosis had an end of treatment response, but unfortunately they relapsed quickly when the treatment was discontin-ued, and HCC developed during a median 3.8 years. CONCLUSION: There was a strong association between chronic HCV infection and HCC in Pakistan, and between HCV genotype 3a and HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotyping Etiology Prevalence

Effects of bismuth on structural and dielectric properties of cobalt-cadmium spinel ferrites fabricated via micro-emulsion route

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第8期28卷 408-416页

作者： Furhaj Ahmed sheikh Muhammad Khalid Muhammad Shahzad Shifa H M Noor ul Huda Khan Asghar Sameen Aslam Ayesha Perveen Jalil ur rehman Muhammad Azhar Khan Zaheer Abbas Gilani Department of Physics Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering & Management SciencesQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100Pakistan

Spinel ferrites have a significant role in high-tech *** the present work nano-crystalline ferrites having general formula Co0.5Cd0.5BixFe2-xO4 with(x=0.0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,and 0.25)are synthesized via micro-emulsion *** x-ray diffraction(XRD)studies discover the FCC spinel *** size is calculated in a range of 11 nm-15 *** parameter calculations are reduced due to its substitution which leads to the exchange of large ionic radius of Fe^3+for small ionic radius of Bi^3+.The x-ray density is analyzed to increase with *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)is performed to analyze absorption band *** two absorption bands are observed in a range of 400 cm^-1-600 cm^-1,and they are the characteristic feature of spinel ***-gravimetric analysis(TGA)reveals the total weight loss of nearly 1.98%.Dielectric analysis is carried out by impedance analyzer in a frequency span from 1 MHz to 3 GHz by using the Maxwell Wagner *** studies reveal the decrease of dielectric *** alternating current(AC)conductivity exhibits a plane behavior in a low frequency range and it increases with the applied frequency *** is attributed to the grain effects in a high frequency range or may be due to the reduction of *** and imaginary part of impedance show the decreasing trend which corresponds to the grain boundary *** imaginary modulus shows the occurrence of peak that helps to understand the interfacial ***-Cole graph shows a single semicircle which confirms that the conduction mechanism is due to the grain boundaries at low *** studies reveal the applicability of these ferrites in high frequency equipment,microwave applications,high storage media,and semiconductor devices.

关键词： Co-ferrite nanocrystalline ferrites XRD microemulsion dielectric properties