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Thermochromic Biopolymer Based on Natural Anthocyanidin Dyes

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2013年第3期3卷 43-47页

作者： Detlef Lotzsch Ralf Ruhmann arno seeboth Department of Chromogenic Polymers Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer ResearchBerlinGermany

Recently a novel thermochromic poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-composite material was presented. Depending on temperature the incorporated anthocyanidin dye was found to be present either in its neutral or anionic anhydrobase form. A reversible formation of PLA-dye complexes triggered by conformational changes of the polymer backbone was proposed to explain this thermochromic effect. In order to study the influence of the dye structure on the PLA-dye complex formation and on the thermochromic properties of the PLA-composite material a variation of the anthocyanidin dye structure was investigated. The results indicate that a hydroxyl group in 3’-position of the anthocyanidin dye resulting in the presence of adjacent hydroxyl groups is mandatory for the PLA-anthocyanidin dye complex formation and thus for the occurrence of thermochromism.

关键词： Thermochromism Biopolymer Anthocyanidin

Implementation and validation of a bonded particle model to predict rheological properties of viscoelastic materials

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 198-210页

作者： Michael Mascara arno Mayrhofer Stefan Radl Christoph Kloss Institute of Process and Particle Engineering Graz University of TechnologyInffeldgasse 13Graz8010Austria DCS Computing GmbH Industriezeile 35Linz4020Austria

This work focuses on implementing a particle-based method able to characterize viscoelastic materials whose rheological properties,such as storage modulus G′and loss modulus G″,are *** is based on the bonded particle model,with the elastic constitutive relation here substituted with a viscoelastic one to capture time-scale *** Burgers model,vastly used in literature to model viscoelastic systems,is discretized and *** test case used for calibration comprises of a cubic lattice,sheared with a periodic motion,to mimic the effect of a shear *** appropriate filtering of the stress response,the rheological properties are obtained,highlighting the effect of the lattice geometry,as well as the particle size,on the accuracy of the ***,the Burgers parameters are calibrated by analytically fitting the experimental dataset,showing the limitation of the Burgers *** micro-contact parameters are obtained from the macro parameters through appropriate *** completing a frequency sweep,the simulated G′and G″show a relatively large error,around 25%for G’for *** this reason,a more robust model,namely the generalized Maxwell model,has been *** calibration procedure is performed in the same fashion as for the Burgers ***,the tangential micro-contact parameters are scaled *** normal *** scaling parameter,calledα,is calibrated by minimizing the root mean square error between simulation and experimental data,giving errors below 10%in both G′and G″for a large ***,a full ring plate-plate rheometer setup is simulated,and the simulation is compared with the given experimental dataset,again finding a good agreement.

关键词： DEM Rheology Numerical modeling Viscoelasticity

Risk of early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection: arbitrary specification or possible target to improve outcome?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 745-748页

作者： arno Kornberg Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany

Data from the literature favour liver transplantation(LT)as best curative-intent treatment in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)arising from cirrhosis,as this approach targets both malignancy and the underlying cancerogenic *** strictly adhering to well-defined morphometric tumor burden limits,such as the Milan criteria,excellent recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates beyond 70%at 5 years may be achieved after ***,growing donor liver shortage has significantly increased waiting times and thereby risk of tumor-related dropout from the waiting list,ultimately resulting in inferior survival *** recent years,this critical situation further aggravated by growing evidence that beyond Milan patients may also benefit from LT,when being successfully downstaged by neoadjuvant locoregional interventions like transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)or radiofrequency ablation(RFA)(1).Therefore,even though being associated with an extraordinary risk of HCC recurrence accounting for 50%to 70%,upfront liver resection(LR)still represents the preferred surgical procedure in patients with resectable tumor stage,especially in those who do not suffer from severe portal hypertension.

关键词： Liver resection(LR) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) early recurrence late recurrence

Intravenous immunoglobulins in liver transplant patients: Perspectives of clinical immune modulation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第11期7卷 1494-1508页

作者： arno Kornberg Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University

Shortage of appropriate donor grafts is the foremost current problem in organ transplantation. As a logical consequence, waiting times have extended and pretransplant mortality rates were significantly increasing. The implementation of a priority-based liver allocation system using the model of end-stage liverdisease(MELD) score helped to reduce waiting list mortality in liver transplantation(LT). However, due to an escalating organ scarcity, pre-LT MELD scores have significantly increased and liver recipients became more complex in recent years. This has finally led to posttransplant decreasing survival rates, attributed mainly to elevated rates of infectious and immunologic complications. To meet this challenging development, an increasing number of extended criteria donor grafts are currently accepted, which may, however, aggravate the patients' infectious and immunologic risk profiles. The administration of intravenous immunoglobulins(IVIg) is an established treatment in patients with immune deficiencies and other antibody-mediated diseases. In addition, IVIg was shown to be useful in treatment of several disorders caused by deterioration of the cellular immune system. It proved to be effective in preventing hyperacute rejection in highly sensitized kidney and heart transplants. In the liver transplant setting, the administration of specific Ig against hepatitis B virus is current standard in post-LT antiviral prophylaxis. The mechanisms of action of IVIg are complex and not fully understood. However, there is increasing experimental and clinical evidence that IVIg has an immuno-balancing impact by a combination of immuno-supporting and immuno-suppressive properties. It may be suggested that, especially in the context of a worsening organ shortage with all resulting clinical implications, liver transplant patients should benefit from immuno-regulatory capabilities of IVIg. In this review, perspectives of immune modulation by IVIg and impact on outcome in liver t

关键词： Intravenous immunoglobulins Immunemodulation Hyperimmunoglobulin Model of end-stageliver disease Liver transplantation

SolarGAN:Synthetic annual solar irradiance time series on urban building facades via Deep Generative

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Energy and AI 2023年第2期12卷 1-21页

作者： Yufei Zhang arno Schlueter Christoph Waibel Chair of Architecture and Building Systems(A/S) ETH ZurichStefano-Franscini-Platz 18093 ZurichSwitzerland

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a promising technology to decarbonize urban energy systems viaharnessing solar energy available on building envelopes. While methods to assess solar irradiation, especiallyon rooftops, are well established, the assessment on building facades usually involves a higher effort due tomore complex urban features and obstructions. The drawback of existing physics-based simulation programsare that they require significant manual modeling effort and computing time for generating time resolveddeterministic results. Yet, solar irradiation is highly intermittent and representing its inherent uncertainty maybe required for designing robust BIPV energy systems. Targeting on these drawbacks, this paper proposes adata-driven model based on Deep Generative Networks (DGN) to efficiently generate stochastic ensembles ofannual hourly solar irradiance time series on building facades with uncompromised spatiotemporal resolutionat the urban scale. The only input required are easily obtainable fisheye images as categorical shading maskscaptured from 3D models. In principle, even actual photographs of urban contexts can be utilized, given they are semantically segmented. The potential of our approach is that it may be applied as a surrogate for timeconsuming simulations, when facing lacking information (e.g., no 3D model exists), and to use the generatedstochastic time-series ensembles in robust energy systems planning. Our validations exemplify a good fidelityof the generated time series when compared to the physics-based simulator. Due to the nature of the usedDGNs, it remains an open challenge to precisely reconstruct the ground truth one-to-one for each hour of theyear. However, we consider the benefits of the approach to outweigh the shortcomings. To demonstrate themodel’s relevance for urban energy planning, we showcase its potential for generative design by parametricallyaltering characteristic features of the urban environment and produc

关键词： Urban solar potential Data-driven Deep Generative Networks(DGN) Building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) Generative Adversarial Network(GAN) Variational Autoencoder(VAE)

Genetics of complex diseases

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第2期7卷 167-168页

作者： MOTULSKY arno G. University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Approaches to the study of the genetic basis of common complex diseases and their clinical applications are con-sidered. Monogenic Mendelian inheritance in such conditions is infrequent but its elucidation may help to detect pathogenic mechanisms in the more common variety of complex diseases. Involvement by multiple genes in complex diseases usually occurs but the isolation and identification of specific genes so far has been exceptional. The role of common polymorphisms as indicators of disease risk in various studies is discussed.

关键词： Complex disease Polymorphisms Multifactorial inheritance Monogenic inheritance

Mutual impact of true triaxial stress, borehole orientation and bedding inclination on laboratory hydraulic fracturing of Lushan shale

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第12期15卷 3131-3147页

作者： Yongfa Zhang Anfa Long Yu Zhao arno Zang Chaolin Wang College of Civil Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdam14473Germany

Unconventional resources like shale gas has been the focus of intense research and development for two decades. Apart from intrinsic geologic factors that control the gas shale productivity (e.g. organic matter content, bedding planes, natural fractures, porosity and stress regime among others), external factors like wellbore orientation and stimulation design play a role. In this study, we present a series of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments conducted on Lushan shale to investigate the interplay of internal factors (bedding, natural fractures and in situ stress) and external factors (wellbore orientation) on the growth process of fracture networks in cubic specimens of 200 mm in length. We observe relatively low breakdown pressure and fracture propagation pressure as the wellbore orientation and/or the maximum in situ stress is subparallel to the shale bedding plane. The wellbore orientation has a more prominent effect on the breakdown pressure, but its effect is tapered with increasing angle of bedding inclination. The shale breakdown is followed by an abrupt response in sample displacement, which reflects the stimulated fracture volume. Based on fluid tracer analysis, the morphology of hydraulic fractures (HF) is divided into four categories. Among the categories, activation of bedding planes (bedding failure, BF) and natural fractures (NF) significantly increase bifurcation and fractured areas. Under the same stress regime, a horizontal wellbore is more favorable to enhance the complexity of hydraulic fracture networks. This is attributed to the relatively large surface area in contact with the bedding plane for the horizontal borehole compared to the case with a vertical wellbore. These findings provide important references for hydraulic fracturing design in shale reservoirs.

关键词： True triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiment In situ stress state Bedding planes Natural fractures Wellbore orientation Shale reservoirs

Effects of Direction of Bridging of Thiocyanato on the Dimension of Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Single-crystal X-ray Structure Determination of [Cd(4,4'-dm-2,2'-bpy)(NCS)_2]_n and [Cd(4,4'-dmo-2,2'-bpy)(NCS)_2]_n Coordination Pol

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2015年第7期34卷 1135-1144页

作者： HOSSEIN Shirdel FARZIN Marandi ABBAS Jalilzadeh SEBASTIAN Huber arno Pfitzner Department of Food Industry Maku Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Chemistry Payame Noor University Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universitaet Regensburg 93040Regensburg Germany

Two new cadmium（II）-thiocyanato coordination polymers with 4,4＇-dimethyl-2,2＇-bipyridine（4,4＇-dm-2,2＇-bpy） and 4,4＇-dimethoxy-2,2＇-bipyridine（4,4＇-dmo-2,2＇-bpy） as chelating ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Thermal properties were also studied as well. These complexes have formed as [Cd（4,4＇-dm-2,2＇-bpy）（NCS）2]n（1） and [Cd（4,4＇-dmo-2,2＇-bpy）（NCS）2]n（2）. The coordination numbers of CdII in 1 and 2 are six（Cd N4S2）. Direction of bridging of thiocyanato anions in 1 and 2 created one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers, respectively. The supramolecular features in these complexes were guided and controlled by weak directional intermolecular interactions.

关键词： 2 2’-bipyridine cadmium(II) coordination polymer weak interactions

LUCE:A blockchain-based data sharing platform for monitoring data License accoUntability and CompliancE

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第4期3卷 123-132页

作者： Visara Urovi Vikas Jaiman arno Angerer Michel Dumontier Institute of Data Science(IDS) Maastricht University6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands School of Business and Economics Maastricht University6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands

Easy access to data is one of the main avenues to accelerate scientific *** a key element of scientific innovations,data sharing allows the reproduction of results and helps prevent data fabrication,falsification,and *** the research benefits from data reuse are widely acknowledged,the data collections existing today are still kept in ***,monitoring what happens to data once they have been handed to a third party is currently not feasible within the current data sharing *** propose a blockchain-based system to trace data collections and potentially create a more trustworthy data sharing *** this paper,we present the LUCE(License accoUntability and CompliancE)architecture as a decentralized blockchain-based platform supporting data sharing and *** is designed to provide full transparency on what happens to the data after they are shared with third *** contributions of this work consist of i)the design of a decentralized data sharing solution with accountability and compliance by design and ii)the inclusion of a dynamic consent model for personalized data sharing preferences and for enabling legal compliance *** test the scalability of the platform in a real-time environment where a growing number of users access and reuse different *** to existing data sharing solutions,LUCE provides transparency over data sharing practices,enables data reuse,and supports regulatory *** experimentation shows that the platform can be scaled for a large number of users.

关键词： Blockchain Distributed ledgers Data sharing Data reuse Dataset tracking GDPR