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Reviewing 30 years of studies on the Common Cuckoo:accumulated knowledge and future perspectives

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Chinese Birds 2013年第1期4卷 3-14页

作者： arne moksnes Frode FOSSΦY Eivin RΦSKAFT Brd G.STOKKE 挪威科技大学生物学系

In Europe, eggs of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) have been found in more than 125 different host species. However, very few species are frequently parasitized. The Cuckoo is divided into several distinct races termed gentes. Females of each gens specialize in parasitizing a particular host species. More than 20 such gentes are recognized in Europe. Each female Cuckoo lays eggs of constant appearance. Most gentes can be separated based on their distinct egg types, which in many cases mimic those of their hosts. Different gentes may occur in sympatry or may be separated geographically. Some gentes may occur in restricted parts of the host’s distribution area. These patterns raise some fundamental questions like: Why are some passerine species preferred as hosts while others are not? Why does a host population consist of individuals either accepting or rejecting Cuckoo eggs? Why is there marked variation in egg rejection behavior between various host populations? How distinct and host-specialized are Cuckoo gentes? These questions are discussed in relation to existing knowledge and future perspectives.

关键词： brood parasitism host defense coevolutionary arms race Common Cuckoo gentes

Diversity of parasitic cuckoos and their hosts in China

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Chinese Birds 2012年第1期03卷 9-32,72页

作者：杨灿朝梁伟 Anton ANTONOV 蔡燕 Brd G.STOKKE Frode FOSSφY arne moksnes Eivin RφSKAFT 海南师范大学生命科学学院海口571158 生物控制国家重点实验室中山大学生命科学学院广州510275 挪威科技大学生物学系

In this exposé we provide the first review of host use by brood parasitic cuckoos in a multiple-cuckoo system in China, based on our own long-term field data and a compilation of observations obtained from the literature. In total, we found that 11 species of cuckoos utilized altogether 55 host species. These hosts belong to 15 families, in which Sylviidae, Turdidae and Timaliidae account for 22.6%, 20.8% and 17.0% of parasitism records, respectively. The Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) had the widest range of host species, accounting for 45.5% of the total number of parasitized species (25 in 10 families) of all parasitism records and is the most frequent brood parasite in the country. Cuckoo species differed in their egg coloration and the extent of egg polymorphism with most of them, e.g. the Common Cuckoo, the Lesser Cuckoo (C. poliocephalus) and the Plaintive Cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) laying well mimetic eggs with respect to their hosts based on human being’s visual observations, while others such as the Large Hawk-cuckoo (C. sparverioides), the Himalayan Cuckoo (C. saturatus) and the Asian Emerald Cuckoo (Chrysococcyx maculatus) usually laid non-mimetic eggs. The use of cuckoo hosts and egg color variation in China are compared with those in other parts of their ranges in Asia.

关键词： brood parasitism egg color host use multiple-cuckoo system egg polymorphism

Why do brood parasitic birds lay strong-shelled eggs?

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Chinese Birds 2012年第4期3卷 245-258页

作者： Anton ANTONOV Brd G.STOKKE Frode FOSSY 梁伟 arne moksnes Eivin RSKAFT 杨灿朝 Anders P.MLLER 挪威科技大学生物学系热带动植物生态学省部共建教育部重点实验室海南师范大学生命科学学院海口571158 法国巴黎第十一大学生态与系统进化实验室

Brood parasitic birds constitute a model system for the study of *** parasites are unique by having evolved unusually thick eggshells for their body *** eggshells have been hypothesized to evolve as 1) a means of preventing damage to parasite eggs when the brood parasite lays its egg at a distance from the host clutch(the laying damage hypothesis);2) a consequence of host puncture ejection(the puncture resistance hypothesis);3) a means for the brood parasite to allocate calcium to development of a disproportionately large skeleto-muscular system in evicting parasite chicks(the chick vigour hypothesis);or 4) a means of protecting the cuckoo embryo from microorganisms in the nest of the host(the anti-bacterial protection hypothesis).Here we review the literature studying the evolutionary mechanisms promoting thick eggshells in avian brood parasites,and provide proposals for future studies to test their *** data are insu cient to rigorously test exclusive predictions and assumptions of these not necessarily exclusive hypotheses,although the laying damage and the puncture resistance hypotheses seem to currently be the most well supported *** discuss how quanti cation of rejection modes(grasp ejection,puncture ejection and desertion) may disclose the validity of the puncture resistance hypothesis,and nally we provide perspectives for future research on testing this speci c hypothesis.

关键词： brood parasites cowbirds cuckoos ejection behavior strong eggshells