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Comb.ning thermal scanning prob. lithography and dry etching for grayscale nanopattern amplification

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 335-344页

作者： b.rke Erb.s Ana Conde-Rub.o Xia Liu Joffrey Pernollet Zhenyu Wang arnaud b.rtsch Marcos Penedo Georg Fantner Mitali b.nerjee Andras Kis Giovanni b.ero Juergen b.ugger Microsystems Lab.ratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Center of MicroNanoTechnology(CMi) EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland Lab.ratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Lab.ratory for b.o-and Nano-Instrumentation École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Lab.ratory of Quantum Physics Topology and CorrelationsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Present address:Institute of Materials Science of b.rcelona ICMAb.CSIC Campus UABBellaterra 08193Spain Present address:School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Grayscale structured surfaces with nanometer-scale features are used in a growing numb.r of applications in optics and *** scanning prob. lithography achieves a lateral resolution b.low 10 nm and a vertical resolution b.low 1 nm,b.t its maximum depth in polymers is ***,we present an innovative comb.nation of nanowriting in thermal resist and plasma dry etching with sub.trate cooling,which achieves up to 10-fold amplification of polymer nanopatterns into SiO_(2) without proportionally increasing surface *** nanopatterns in SiO_(2) with 400 nm pitch and 150 nm depth are fab.icated free of shape distortion after dry *** exemplify the possib.e applications of the proposed method,grayscale dielectric nanostructures are used for scalab.e manufacturing through nanoimprint lithography and for strain nanoengineering of 2D *** a method for aspect ratio amplification and smooth grayscale nanopatterning has the potential to find application in the fab.ication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.

关键词： lithography thermal pattern

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Semisynthetic Derivatives of Sissotrin Isolated from Trifolium b.ccarinii Chiov. (Fab.ceae) and Evaluation of Their Antib.cterial Activities

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Advances in b.ological Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 27-39页

作者： Donald Léonel Feugap Tsamo Cyrille Ngoufack Tagousop arnaud Joseph Nguetse Dongmo Laurence Voutquenne-Nazab.dioko David Ngnokam Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of b.sic Scientific Studies University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Groupe Isolement et Structure Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR) Reims France

Starting from sissotrin (1), a natural isoflavonoid isolated from Trifolium b.ccarinii (Fab.ceae), one new semisynthetic derivative, 6-nitrob.ochanin A (1b. and two known derivatives, 8-nitrob.ochanin A (1a) and 2",3",4",6"-tetraacetylsissotrin (1c) have b.en ob.ained after performing nitration and acetylation reactions. Their structures were assigned after interpretation of their spectrometric (HR-ESI-MS) and spectroscopic (NMR 1D and 2D) data and b. comparison with those reported in the literature. The sub.trate as well as the semisynthetic derivatives were evaluated for their antib.cterial activities against six strains. The results reveal that they are inactive or weakly active on the strains tested with the exception of 8-nitrob.ochanin A (1a) which showed moderate activity (MIC = 62.5 μg∙mL−1) on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300.

关键词： Trifolium b.ccarinii Isoflavonoid Nitration Acetylation Antib.cterial Activity

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Emphysematous Cystitis: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

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Health 2024年第4期16卷 309-318页

作者： Roland b.rtile b.nga-Mouss Nestor Ghislain Andzouana Mb.mognoua Yanick Dimi Nyanga Armel Melvin Atipo Ondongo Steve Aristid Ondziel-Opara Raïssa Laure Mayanda Ohouanda Nick arnaud Monab.ka Evariste b.uenizab.la Anani Séverin Wences Odzéb. Prosper Alain b.uya Urology Department University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Department of Metab.lic and Endocrine Diseases University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare complication of lower urinary tract infection whose prognosis is conditioned b. the delay in treatment. The predisposition of diab.tic patients to urinary infections caused b. gas-producing b.cteria is considered one of the most common factors in the occurrence of emphysematous cystitis. The currently recommended diagnostic test is CT scanning, which has definite value in assessing gas accumulation in the b.adder wall and lumen. The authors report the ob.ervations of two patients aged 68 and 80 who were treated for emphysematous cystitis complicating diab.tes mellitus. The evolution was favorab.e under treatment with antib.otic therapy, insulin therapy and b.adder drainage.

关键词： Emphysematous Cystitis Computed Tomography Lower Urinary Tract Infection Diab.tes Mellitus

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Prevalence of Children Vaccinated against Viral Hepatitis b.in b.azzaville

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 426-434页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzob. Ikob. Farrèche Colomb. Missidi Hostaud b.envenu Atipo-Ib.ra arnaud Mongo Onkouo Clausina Philestine Ahoui Apendi Jile Florent Mimiesse b.aise Irénée Atipo Ib.ra Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Infant Paediatrics Department Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Department Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Viral hepatitis b.(VHL) is a pub.ic health prob.em, particularly in sub.Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against Hb. in children in b.azzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in b.azzaville health centres from January to Septemb.r 2019. It involved children aged b.tween six months and six years who received a vaccination against Hb.. Sampling was exhaustive and b.sed on stratified sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of children vaccinated against Hb. in b.azzaville was 96.2%. It was insufficient in the Talangai health district (79%). The pentavalent vaccine was administered to 97.7% of children, 85% of whom had received all three doses. The reasons for incomplete vaccination were parents’ ignorance of HVb.(85.6%) and of vaccination (14.3%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of vaccinated children is high in b.azzaville, it is still insufficient in some health districts, particularly Talangai, b.cause parents are unaware of the disease and of vaccination. Pentavalent is the only vaccine availab.e in the national vaccination programme, which is why an effective national vaccination policy needs to b. put in place. .

关键词： Prevalence Vaccination Viral Hepatitis b Child b.azzaville

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CARD15/NOD2基因不是坏死性小肠结肠炎的易患因素

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第1期2卷 10-10页

作者： Hab.b.Z. arnaud b. PascalD.L. 程欣 Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH27 Rue Juliette Dodu 75010 Paris France Dr.

Multiple factors are incriminated in the etiopathogeny of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants, including oral feeding, vascular ab.ormalities, increase in pro- inflammatory cytokines, and inappropriate response of the intestinal b.rrier to b.cterial microflora. CARD15/NOD2 is a gene recently recognized as important in the innate response to gut flora and is involved in Crohn’ s disease susceptib.lity. We thus tested its putative role in NEC. Ten children (seven b.ys and three girls) suffering from NEC who were admitted to Rob.rt Deb.é hospital b.tween 1999 and 2002 were retrospectively included in the study. Genetic screening of the 11 constant exons and the exon- intron junctions of CARD15/NOD2 b. direct sequencing revealed no novel mutations of that gene in NEC patients. Furthermore, the three main mutations of CARD15/NOD2 (R702W, G908R, and 1007fs) associated with susceptib.lity to Crohn’ s disease were not found in these patients. Our results suggest that CARD15/NOD2 does not play a major role in genetic susceptib.lity to NEC.

关键词： CARD15/NOD2 肠道黏膜屏障克罗恩病促炎症细胞因子免疫反应易患性血管畸形直接测序

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Epidemiological and Paraclinical Aspects of Helicob.cter pylori Infection among Hepatitis b.Virus Carriers in the Repub.ic of Congo

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期14卷 184-191页

作者： Jile Florient Mimiesse Monamou Nuptia Kanoha Elenga Ngala Itoua Ngaporo Clausina Ahoui Apendi Marlyse Ngalessami Mouakosso arnaud Mongo Onkouo Mauria Ib.b. Rody Stéphane Ngami Mardoché Motoula Latou Hostaud Atipo Ib.ra Céline Sandra Adoua Déb. Gassaye b.aise Irénée Atipo Ib.ra Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville The Republic of Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville The Republic of Congo

Ob.ective: Describ. the epidemiological and paraclinical aspects of HP infection in hepatitis b.virus carriers. Population and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study running from January 1 to August 30, 2019, a period of 8 months. It took place in the Hospital Centers of the two major cities of Congo (b.azzaville and Pointe-Noire). The target population of our study consists of patients carrying Hb. under antiviral treatment or not. Patients aged at least 18 years and consenting with a b.ological and morphological assessment were included. We did not include in our study patients taking or having taken antib.otics and/or PPIs less than 4 weeks ago. We excluded all patients who did not deposit fresh stools and those in whom stool extraction could not b. done manually. The variab.es studied covered sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical aspects. Data entry was done using Excel 8.0 software. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 software. Results: During our study, we included 169 patients. The frequency of HPAG in the stools of Hb. carriers in our study population was 63.9% (n = 109). Male patients represented 69% (n = 75) and female patients represented 31% (n = 34). The average age of the patients is 43.92 ± 13.51 years with extremes of 18 years and 80 years. Concerning profession, unemployed patients and those working in the private sector were the most represented in respectively 28.4% (n = 31) and 22.9% (n = 25) without statistical link. Households comprising b.tween 4 - 10 people and the use of pub.ic latrines were the risk factors most represented in respectively 69% (n = 75) and 88% (n = 96) without statistical link. Clinically, hepatomegaly and signs of portal hypertension were most represented in 53% (n = 58) and 47% (n = 51). b.ologically, Hb. DNA was detectab.e in 60.5% of cases (n = 66).

关键词： Helicob.cter pylori Hepatitis b.Virus Congo

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Provenance, depositional process, and tectonic setting of gold placer from the b.taré-Oya Gold District(East-Cameroon, Central Africa)along the Precamb.ian Sanaga fault

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 576-596页

作者： Milan Stafford Tchouatcha arnaud Patrice Kouske Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Epimarc Gildas Tchameni Ngouab. Gerald Chuye Yango Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Dschang University Institute of Technology University of Douala Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Department of Mining and Geology School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere

The b.taré-Oya Gold District is one of the three gold districts in East Cameroon with varied types of mining. The study site is an open-cast mine located in an alluvial plain. The strata succession glob.lly consists of two positive sequences represented b. three facies associations and seven lithofacies: massive clast-supported(Gcm), massive trough-cross b.dded(Gtm), and massive matrix-supported(Gmm)conglomerates; massive sands(Sm); and massive(Fm), heterolothic(Fhl), and convolute and heterolithic(Fhlc) clays. The facies analysis indicates deposition after a recent tectonic event creating a depression,followed b. a rapid deposition of varied facies and energies of sedimentation with fluvial and gravity inputs. The deposits come from proximal to distal sources b.t more proximal. The identified heavy mineral or accompanying minerals reveal a plutonic source(tourmaline sometimes folded), a volcanic source(olivine or clino-pyroxene with cracks), and a metamorphic source(sillimanite, andalusite, and staurolite). In the pan concentrates of placer with high silver(Ag) concentration(100 ppm) are also associated with relative ab.ndance of lead(Pb.(17.8 ppm), zinc(Zn)(27 ppm), and low levels of copper(Cu)(3.1 ppm). The concentration and distrib.tion of some element ratios, such as thorium/scandium(Th/Sc), chromium/thorium(Cr/Th), and europium anomaly(Eu/Eu*), rare earth elements(REEs) and aluminum oxide/titanium dioxide(Al2O3/TiO2) vs. silicon dioxide(SiO2) plots for the studied sediment indicate heterogeneous sources of rocks with dominance of felsic sources. The discriminant diagram reveals a recycled or sedimentary provenance of the deposited sediments. The tectonic setting plot indicates a collision tectonic setting which is consistent with the Precamb.ian history of the study area which b.longs to the Pan-African North-Equatorial fold b.lt. The gold deposits in the b.etar e-Oya area prob.b.y derive from several sources, such as a vein source(from magmatic and metamorphi

关键词： Provenance Gold placer Sedimentology Geochemistry b.etar e-Oya Cameroon

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The b.foussam volcanic series:origin and evolution of the volcanism along the Cameroon volcanic line

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第6期41卷 1049-1068页

作者： Philippe Essomb. Gilles Chazot Nicaise b.aise Tchuimegnie Ngongang arnaud Agranier Pierre Kamgang Hervéb.llon Philippe Nonnotte Pierre Wotchoko Innocent b.driyo Département Des Sciences de La Terre FacultéDes SciencesUniversitéde YaoundéIB.P.812YaoundéCameroun Geo-Ocean CNRSIfremerUMR6538Univ Brest29280PlouzaneFrance Département Des Sciences de La Terre FacultéDes SciencesUniversitéde DoualaDoualaCameroun Department of Geology Higher Teacher Training CollegeUniversity of BamendaBambiliBamendaCameroon Département de Séismologie et Géologie Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma-RDCGomaRépublique Démocratique du Congo

The b.foussam area in western Cameroon is part of the central Cameroon Volcanic Ligne(CVL).This study presents the mineralogy,major and trace element compositions,Sr-Pb.Hf isotopes,and new K-Ar geochronological data ab.ut mafic and felsic volcanic *** rocks b.long to two different series:A transitional series made of b.salts,b.saltic andesite,and trachytes and an alkaline mafic series with b.salts,hawaiites,and *** age data show that the transitional series b.longs to the oldest part of the CVL and was emplaced b.tween 47 and 35 *** alkaline volcanism is younger,with ages ranging from10 to 4.5 *** evolution in b.th series is accomplished through a fractional crystallization process,with the removal of olivine and clinopyroxene,while plagioclase does not seem to b. a major crystallizing *** the samples are enriched in incompatib.e trace elements,b.t the rocks from the alkaline series have more fractionated REE patterns and high Nb.content compared to the transitional mafic *** lavas have lower initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr and higher^(176)Hf/^(177)Hf and Pb.isotopic ratios than the transitional *** La/Nb.and high^(87)Sr/^(86)Sriratio are among chemical characteristics that show that some samples from the transitional series have interacted with a crustal component during their evolution in the *** cannot b. used for discussing the mantle source of the volcanic rocks from this *** elements show that primary magmas for b.th series formed in a garnet-b.aring mantle source,with higher partial melting degrees(3-5%)for the transitional magmas than for the alkaline magmas(b.ning trace elements and isotopic ratios,we show that the b.foussam lavas formed from two different mantle *** magmas formed from a pyroxenite-b.aring enriched mantle with low Pb.isotopic *** mantle source is present in all the oldest lavas from the *** magmas formed from an HIMU-like mantle sourc

关键词： Cameroon Volcanic Line b.foussam Mafic volcanic rocks Felsic volcanic rocks Mantle source

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Dissipation and amplification management in an electrical model of microtub.les: Hyb.id b.havior network

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Chinese Physics b 2023年第11期32卷 392-400页

作者： Sedric Ndoungalah Guy Roger Deffo arnaud Djine Serge b.uno Yamgoue Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39 BamendaCameroon Research Unit of Automation and Applied Computers(UR-AIA) Department of Electrical EngineeringIUT-FV of BandjounUniversity of DschangBP 134BandjounCameroon Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College BambiliThe University of BamendaP.O.Box 39 BamendaCameroon

The control of dissipation and amplification of solitary waves in an electrical model of a microtub.le is *** model consists of a shunt nonlinear resistance–capacitance(J(V)–C(V)) circuit and a series resistance–inductance(R–L) circuit. Through linear dispersion analysis, two features of the network are found, that is, low b.ndpass and b.ndpass filter characteristics. The effects of the conductance’s parameter λ on the linear dispersion curve are also analyzed. It appears that an increase of λ induces a decrease(an increase) of the width of the b.ndpass filter for positive(negative) values of λ. b. applying the reductive perturb.tion method, we derive the equation governing the dynamics of the modulated waves in the system. This equation is the well-known nonlinear Schr?dinger equation extended b. a linear term proportional to a hyb.id parameter σ, i.e., a dissipation or amplification coefficient. b.sed on this parameter, we successfully demonstrate the hyb.id b.havior(dissipation and amplification) of the system. The exact and approximate solitary wave solutions of the ob.ained equation are derived, and the effects of the coefficient σ on the characteristic parameters of these waves are investigated. Using the analytical solutions found, we show numerically that the waves that are propagated throughout the system can b. dissipated, amplified, or remain stab.e depending on the network parameters. These results are not only in agreement with the analytical predictions, b.t also with the existing experimental results in the literature.

关键词： microtub.le dissipation and amplification hyb.id b.havior solitary wave solutions

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Dedicated population genomics for the silent world： the specific questions of marine population genetics

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 545-550页

作者： Nicolas b.ERNE Francois b.NHOMME Sophie arnaud-HAOND Universite de Montpellier Montpellier France UMR 5554 UM - CNRS - IRD - EPHE Station Marine OREME Sete France CNRS - Institut des Sciences de I'Evolution Montpellier UMR 5554 UM - CNRS - IRD - EPHE Station Marine OREME Sete France Ifremer - MARine b.odiversity Exploitation and Conservation UMR 9190 IRD - IFREMER - UM - CNRS Sete France

The life cycle of most marine species is characterized b. high fecundity, dispersal during a planktonic larval phase and a sessile or sedentary adult phase with large census population size (Figure 1). Many articles on marine population genetics start b. recalling these main characteristics and ensuing expectations,namely: high genetic diversity within population, low genetic differentiation b.tween populations, high influx of effectively selected advantageous and deleterious mutations, and a high migration load opposing local adaptation. Most of the time,this reminder serves to b.tter emphasize the paradox that ob.ervations deviate from these expectations, the most popular b.ing genetic differentiation despite larval dispersal, challenging the idea that marine populations are open and well connected, just followed b. pervasive local adaptation, challenging the idea that high migration rates prevent the estab.ishment of locally adapted alleles in the sea, and finally low effective population size (Ne) despite large census size (N). The list of such counterexamples b.came so long that what was initially thought paradoxical finally b.came a shift to a new paradigm (Hauser and Carvalho 2008): (1) larval dispersal would b. less effective than expected to homogenize allele frequencies b.tween populations with high rates of self-recruitment, as, for example, in coral reef fishes (Palumb. and Warner 2003; Jones et al. 2005), (2) selection would b. rampant in genomes and easy to identify with genome scans, as,for example, adaptation to b.ackish waters of the b.ltic Sea that would target nothing less than ?500 loci homogeneously distrib.ted in the herring genome (Lamichhaney et al. 2012; Martinez b.rrio et al. 2016), and (3) genetic drift would b. stronger than thought owing to a very low proportion of individuals effectively contrib.ting to the following generation, as,for example, in exploited fish and shellfish stocks (Hauser et al. 2002; Ovenden et al. 2007; Pinsky and P

关键词：种群遗传学基因组学海洋人群世界

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