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Incidence of sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies in Burkina Faso: Results of a Five-Year systematic Neonatal screening (2015-2019) in Four Urban Hospitals

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 87-97页

作者： salam sawadogo Koumpingnin Nebie Donatien Kima Hélène Traore savadogo Jean de Dieu sanou Dieudonné Ouedraogo Paul Ouedraogo Hyacinthe Zamane Abdoulaye Ndiaye Eléonore Kafando University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Hematology Intervention Group Ouagadougou Burkina Faso sanou souro Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso schiphra Protestant Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso saint-Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Hemoglobinopathies, mainly sickle cell disease (sCD), are the most common monogenic disorders in Africa. In Burkina Faso, data on these diseases are scarce, mainly hospital-based in Ouagadougou and its surroundings. In order to assess the incidence and allelic frequencies of the main hemoglobinopathies in newborns in Burkina Faso, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2019 in four hospitals. The study included babies of both sexes, regardless of ethnic group and parents’ hemoglobin status. It was a newborn screening and hemoglobin variants were detected using isoelectric focusing on cord blood samples and confirmed using hemoglobin electrophoresis by high-performance liquid chromatography. The proportions and cumulative incidences of the different hemoglobinopathies were computed. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law was applied to calculate genotypic and allelic frequencies. The significant level was p s included, 47.8% were males and 60.2% were from Bobo-Dioulasso. Abnormal hemoglobin was found in 27.1%, representing a cumulative incidence of 1:4 newborns. The incidence of sCD was 1.9% (1:53 newborns) with 27.9% of homozygous ss. Homozygous CC and compound heterozygous Cβ-Thalassemia accounted for 1.1%. sCD cases were 1.51 times higher in Bobo-Dioulasso (OR = 1.51;95% CI [1.09 - 2.10]: p = 0.013). The observed genotype frequencies were significantly different from the expected ones (p 0.001). The βs and βC alleles represented 5.1 and 9.9%, respectively. This study showed a high incidence of hemoglobinopathies. such results raise the question of control strategies for these hemoglobinopathies in our country.

关键词： Abnormal Hemoglobin β-Globin Gene Newborn screening Isoelectric Focusing

Time-of-flight methodologies with large-area diamond detectors for ion characterization in laser-driven experiments

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High Power laser science and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 53-63页

作者： M.salvadori G.Di Giorgio M.Cipriani M.sciscio C.Verona P.l.Andreoli G.Cristofari R.de Angelis M.Pillon N.E.Andreev P.Antici N.G.Borisenko D.Giulietti M.Migliorati O.Rosmej s.Zahter F.Consoli Fusion and Nuclear safety department ENEAFrascatiItaly INRs-EMT VarennesQCCanada Industrial Engineering department University of Rome"Tor Vergata"RomeItaly Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscowRussia P.N.lebedev Physical Institute RASMoscowRussia department of Physics University of PisaPisaItaly INFN of Pisa PisaItaly University of Rome“la sapienza” RomeItaly INFN of Rome RomeItaly GsI Helmotzzentrum fur schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Goethe University Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany

The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter ***,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its *** this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high EMP *** we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at ENEA-Centro Ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm *** tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion *** detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the PHElIX laser facility(E_(l)~100 J,τ_(l)=750 fs,I_(l)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at GsI(Germany).The high rejection to EMP fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.

关键词： diamond detector ion diagnostics laser-matter interaction time of flight

sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems:review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models

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International Journal of sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 560-578页

作者： Arman HADDADCHI Darren s.RYdeR olivier EVRARD Jon OllEY Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University school of Environmental and Rural sciences University of New England laboratoire des sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement(lsCE/IPsl)

suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources,with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and *** process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended *** review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling,and critically compares biogeochcmical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting *** of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe,Africa,Australia,Asia,and North and south *** application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the Us(North Fork Broad River watershed) and France(BIcone watershed) with local and global(genetic algorithm) optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original *** propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins(using correction factors) and Hughes(relying on iterations involving all data,and not only their mean values) models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.

关键词： watershed fluvial sampling source tracing modeling local optimization genetic algorithm

Assessing fracturing mechanisms and evolution of excavation damaged zone of tunnels in interlocked rock masses at high stresses using a finitediscrete element approach

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第4期11卷 701-722页

作者： I.Vazaios N.Vlachopoulos M.s.Diederichs Arup LondonW1T 4BQUnited Kingdom department of Geological sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of CanadaKingstonOntarioK7L 4V3Canada

deep underground excavations within hard rocks can result in damage to the surrounding rock mass mostly due to redistribution of *** within rock masses with non-persistent joints,the role of the pre-existing joints in the damage evolution around the underground opening is of critical importance as they govern the fracturing mechanisms and influence the brittle responses of these hard rock masses under highly anisotropic in situ *** this study,the main focus is the impact of joint network geometry,joint strength and applied field stresses on the rock mass behaviours and the evolution of excavation induced damage due to the loss of confinement as a tunnel face *** of such a phenomenon was conducted using the finite-discrete element method (FdeM).The numerical model is initially calibrated in order to match the behaviour of the fracture-free,massive lac du Bonnet granite during the excavation of the Underground Research laboratory (URl) Test Tunnel,*** influence of the pre-existing joints on the rock mass response during excavation is investigated by integrating discrete fracture networks (DFNs) of various characteristics into the numerical models under varying in situ *** numerical results obtained highlight the significance of the pre-existing joints on the reduction of in situ rock mass strength and its capacity for extension with both factors controlling the brittle response of the ***,the impact of spatial distribution of natural joints on the stability of an underground excavation is discussed,as well as the potentially minor influence of joint strength on the stress induced damage within joint systems of a non-persistent nature under specific ***,the in situ stress-joint network interaction is examined,revealing the complex fracturing mechanisms that may lead to uncontrolled fracture propagation that compromises the overall stability of an underground excavation.

关键词： Excavation damaged zone (EDZ) Brittle failure Finite-discrete element method (FdeM) Tunnelling Discrete fracture network (DFN)

Ancient DNA of the pygmy marmoset type specimen Cebuella pygmaea(spix,1823)resolves a taxonomic conundrum

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Zoological Research 2021年第6期42卷 761-771页

作者： Jean P.Boubli Mareike C.Janiak leila M.Porter stella de la Torre liliana Cortes-Ortiz Maria N.Fda silva Anthony B.Rylands stephen Nash Fabricio Bertuol Hazel Byrne Felipe E.silva Fabio Rohe Dorien de Vries Robin M.D.Beck Irune Ruiz-Gartzia lukas F.K.Kuderna Tomas Marques-Bonet Tomas Hrbek Izeni P.Farias Anneke Hvan Heteren Christian Roos school of science Engineering&EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalford M54WTUK Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia ManausAmazonas 69060-001Brazil department of Anthropology Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115-2828USA College of Biological and Environmental sciences Universidad San Francisco de QuitoQuito 170901Ecuador department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Re:wild AustinTX 78767USA laboratorio de Evolução e Genética Animal Universidade Federal do AmazonasManausAmazonas 69080-900Brazil department of Anthropology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Research Group on Primate Biology and Conservation MamirauaInstitute for Sustainable DevelopmentTeféAmazonas 69553-225Brazil Experimental and Health sciences department(DCEXs) Institut de Biologia EvolutivaUniversitat Pompeu Fabra-CSICBarcelona 08002Spain department of Biology Trinity UniversitySan AntonioTX 78212USA Bavarian state Collection of Zoology Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenStaatliche Naturkundliche Sammlungen Bayerns81247 MunichGermany GeoBio-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München80333 MunichGermany department Biologie II Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München82152 MunichGermany Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate Research37077 GottingenGermany

The pygmy marmoset,the smallest of the anthropoid primates,has a broad distribution in Western *** studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by the Napo and solimoes-Amazonas ***,reconciling this new biological evidence with current taxonomy,i.e.,two subspecies,Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea(spix,1823)and Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris(lönnberg,1940),was problematic given the uncertainty as to whether spix’s pygmy marmoset(Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea)was collected north or south of the Napo and solimoes-Amazonas rivers,making it unclear to which of the two newly revealed species the name pygmaea would ***,we present the first molecular data from spix’s type specimen of Cebuella pygmaea,as well as novel mitochondrial genomes from modern pygmy marmosets sampled near the type locality(Tabatinga)on both sides of the *** these data,we can confirm the correct names of the two species identified,i.e.,*** for animals north of the Napo and solimoes-Amazonas rivers and *** for animals south of these two *** analyses of the novel genetic data placed into the context of cytochrome b gene sequences from across the range of pygmy marmosets further led us to reevaluate the geographical distribution for the two Cebuella *** dated the split of these two species to 2.54 million years *** discuss additional,more recent,subdivisions within each lineage,as well as potential contact zones between the two species in the headwaters of these rivers.

关键词： Historic DNA DNA taxonomy Pygmy marmoset Cebuella pygmaea C.niveiventris Amazon Type specimen

Nutritional status in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 1996年第2期9卷 256-262页

作者： s. KOMINDR J. THiraWITAYAKOM s. TAECHANGAM O. PUCHAIWATANANON s. sONGCHIsOMBOON AND s. DOMRONGKITCHAIPORN(department of Medicine and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine,Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand) (department of M department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathiobodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand.

Hitherto, there has been no systematic evaluation of the nutritional status of HD patients in Thailand. 27 patients awaiting renal transplantation, 19 M 8 F, age 47.2 ± 8.6y (mean±sD), underwent HD at Ramathibodi Hospital. Dietary assessment revealed the average daily intake of men and women to be respectively 1571 ±314 and 1379 ± 403 kcal, 47 ± 11 and 42 ± 14 g protein. Anthropometric data showed that mean of BMI,percent ideal body weight (%IBW), percent standard triceps skinfold thickness (%TsF) and percent arm muscle circumference (%std MUAMC) to be 20.5 ± 2.6 kg/m2, 90±12, 75 ±30 and 100±13, respectively. However, 37%, 56% and 70% of these patients had BMI, BW and MUAC less than the minimal cut-off levels. These data reflect the importance of energy depletion in these patients. The average serum albumin was 39 ± 6 g/l while 52% suffered from low albumin levels. TC, lDl-C, HDl-C and TG were 4.34 ± 1.34, 2.9 ±1.06, 0.89 ± 0.33 and 1.10 ± 0.67 mmol/l while 15% had high TC, lDl-C and 58% had low HDl-C levels. Only one patient was suffered from hypertriglyceridemia. Whereas inadequate thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol status were present in 4-30%, toxic levels of serum retinol were seen in almost all patients. low serum zinc and copper levels were also present. This study disclosed a wide spectrum of nutritional problems usually overlooked in CRF patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Whereas zinc supplementation may be needed, vitamin A suppIementation in these patients should be discouraged

关键词： Am Vit Nutritional status in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Macronutrients Omission in the Growth of Cotton, BRs Topázio Cultivar Grown in Nutritious solution

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2017年第10期8卷 2345-2357页

作者： Felipe Guedes de souza lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves Allan Nunes Alves Jorge Alves de souza department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Paraiba State Brazil department of Education Federal University of Campina Grande Paraiba State Brazil

With the objective to determine the probable causes of the appearance of abnormalities in BRs Topázio cotton plants, a greenhouse experiment was carried out per subtraction, in which nutrients were omitted: N, P, K, Ca, Mg and s, totalizing 21 experimental units. The omission of N, P, K and Ca in the nutrient solution reduced the biometric characteristics of the cotton crop, with K and Ca being the most affected by these characteristics. The visual symptoms in cotton plants are seen with more severity in the lack of K, P, K Ca and Mg elements. The omission of s did not affect the development of the plants.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum l. Nutritional deficiency Visual Diagnosis

EFFECT OF Cr ADDITION ON MICROsTRVCTUREs AND MECHANICAl PROPERlIEs OF β-NiAl AllOYs

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English letters) 1999年第2期12卷 173-180页

作者： W.H. Tian s.l. Hu and M. Nemoto(1) department of Materials Physics, University of science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) department of Materials Forming, University of science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 3) department Univ of science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

The effect of Cr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of NiAl inermetallic alloys containing 4 to 8 mol% Cr has been characterized. It is shown that Cr is not only an efficient soild solution strengthener in NiAl, it is also an efficient precipitation strengthener by fine dispersion of α-Cr particles. Transmission electron microscope observations have revealed that fine spherical particles of α-Cr appeared homogeneously in the NiAl matrix by aging at temperatures around 1073K after solution annealing at 1563K. The aging behavior was investigated by microhardness measurements and the temperature dependence of the yield stress of NiAl containing α-Cr particles was investigated by compression tests over the tempemture range from 298 to 1173K. NiAl alloys happened appreciably by the precipitation of α-Cr *** bypass the particles during deformation and typical Orowan loops were observed surrounding the α-Cr particles after deformation. Although the dispersion Of α-Cr particles increases the yield strength of NiAl at intermediate temperutre, the strength decreases appreciably at higher temperatures.

关键词： NiAl age-hardening precipitate deformation mechanism microstructure

Corrosion Penetration and Crystal structure of AA5022 in HCl solution and Rare Earth Elements

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2005年第3期21卷 324-330页

作者： A.A.El-Meligi s.H.sanad A.A.Ismail A.M.Barakat Electrochem. and Corrosion lab. Physical Chemistry Dept. National Research Centre Dokki Cairo EgypElectrochem. and Corrosion Lab. Physical Chemistry Dept. National Research Centre Dokki Cairo EgypElectrochem. and Corrosion Lab. Physical Chemistry Dept. National Research Centre Dokki Cairo EgypChemistry Dept. Faculty of Science Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Al-alloy (AA5022) corrosion penetration (CP) and crystal structure were investigated after running static immersion corrosion tests in 1 mol/l HCl solution and different concentrations of rare earth elements (la3+), (Ce3+) and their combination, at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the surface structure before and after immersion, and secondary electron detector (sED) was operated to study surface morphology. In 1 mol/l HCI solution the corrosion penetration increased with increasing temperature and immersion time. The increase of la3+ concentrations up to 1000×10-6 g/l led to the decrease in the corrosion penetration, and the decrease in Ce3+ concentrations up to 50×10-6 g/l decreases the corrosion penetration of the alloy. Mix3 (combination of la3+ and Ce3+) dramatically reduced the corrosion penetration. This suggests that a synergistic effect exists between la3+ and Ce3+. The reaction kinetics both in absence and presence of la3+ and Ce3+ and their combination would follow a parabolic rate law. The XRD patterns revealed that the intensities of certain hkl phases are affected. The crystalline structure has not been deformed either before or after testing and there are no additional peaks except that of the as-received alloy. In the case of accelerating CP, the surface morphology shows that the roughness and voids of surface are increased.

关键词： Al-alloy Corrosion penetration Crystal structure XRD