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RNA and Protein Requirements for Eukaryotic Selenoprotein Synthesis

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 182-189页

作者： MARLA j. BERRY GLOVER W. martIN Ⅲ, AND SUSAN C. LOW(Thyroid Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,USA) Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA.

Selenium has been recognized as an essential nutrient in animals since the 1950s. Demonstration of the role of dietary selenium in protection from oxidative stress foIlowed in the early 1970s, and was largely attributed to its presence as an integral part of cellular glutathione peroxidase. However, the functions of this enzyme did not explain many of the other effects of selenium deficiency. The identification of other mammalian selenoproteins during the last few years has provided new insights into the functions of this trace nutrient. The discovery that type 1 deiodinase (D1) is a selenoenzyme, in addition to unveiling an essential role for selenium in thyroid hormone action, has had more far-reaching implications. Studies of this protein opened the door for investigation of the requirements for eukaryotic selenoprotein synthesis,and the features that distinguish this pathway from the corresponding prokaryotic *** is present in a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins in the form of the unusual amino acid, selenocysteine. Incorporation of selenocysteine into these proteins requires a novel translation step in which UGA specifies selenocysteine insertion. Since UGA codons are typically recognized as translation stop signals, an intriguing question is raised: How does a cell recognize and distinguish a UGA selenocysteine codon from a UGA stop codon? In this review, we will focus on what is known about selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes, briefly summarizing initial studies and discussing a few recent advances in our understanding of this unique 'recoding' process

关键词： RNA and Protein Requirements for Eukaryotic Selenoprotein Synthesis UGA

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Embedded software development with e-Cos

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1000年

作者： Massa Anthony j.

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Autodesk inventor 11 essentials plus Daniel T. Banach, Travis j. j.nes, Alan j. Kalamej.

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2006年

作者： Daniel T. Banach Travis j. j.nes Alan j. Kalamej.

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Fundamentals of investments : valuation and management 3rd ed.

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丛书名：经济与金融经典入门教材(英文改编版)

2005年

作者： Corrado Charles j.

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Fluid power systems

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1000年

作者： Klette Patrick j.

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Acquiring, developing, and implementing accounting information systems 6th ed.

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2005年

作者： Gelinas Ulric j.

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Gene therapy and erectile dysfunction： the current status

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2007年第1期9卷 8-15页

作者： David H. W. Lau Sashi S. Kommu Emad j. Siddiqui Cecil S. Thompson Robert j. Morgan Dimitri P. Mikhailidis Faiz H. Mumtaz Department of Urology Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School University College London Royal Free Campus Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2QG UK Department of Clinical Biochemistry Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School University College London Royal Free Campus Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2QG UK Department of Surgery Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School University College London Royal Free Campus Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2QG UK Department of Urology Chase Farm Hospital The Ridgeway Enfield EN2 8JL UK Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Surrey SM2 5PT UK

Current available treatment options for erectile dysfunction （ED） are effective but not without failure and/or side effects. Although the development of phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE5） inhibitors （i.e. sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil） has revolutionized the treatment of ED, these oral medications require on-demand access and are not as effective in treating ED related to diabetic, post-prostatectomy and severe veno-occlusive disease states. Improvement in the treatment of ED is dependent on understanding the regulation of human corporal smooth muscle tone and on the identification of relevant molecular targets. Future ED therapies might consider the application of molecular technologies such as gene therapy. As a potential therapeutic tool, gene therapy might provide an effective and specific means for altering intracavernous pressure ＂on demand＂ without affecting resting penile function. However, the safety of gene therapy remains a maj.r hurdle to overcome before being accepted as a mainstream treatment for ED. Gene therapy aims to cure the underlying conditions in ED, including fibrosis. Furthermore, gene therapy might help prolong the efficacy of the PDE5 inhibitors by improving penile nitric oxide bioactivity. It is feasible to apply gene therapy to the penis because of its location and accessibility, low penile circulatory flow in the flaccid state and the presence of endothelial lined （lacunar） spaces. This review provides a brief insight of the current role of gene therapy in the management of ED.

关键词： gene therapy nitric oxide synthase erectile dysfunction calcium-sensitive potassium channel vascular endothelial growth factor calcitonin gene-related peptide

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Fundamentals of investments

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1000年

作者： Corrado Charles j.

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Using Thermoelastic Stress Analysis to Detect Damaged and Hot Spot Areas in Structural Components

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j.urnal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2015年第11期5卷 623-634页

作者： Freire j. L. F. Waugh, R. C. Fruehmann, R. Dulieu-Barton, j. M. Mechanical Engineering Department Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro 22453-900 Brazil Faculty of Engineering and Environment University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK

This paper discusses the suitability of using TSA （thermoelastic stress analysis） as an advanced tool to detect damaged areas and highly stressed （hot spot） areas in structural components. Such components can be, for example, parts of large structural panels built of welded metallic or composite materials. Besides detecting hot spot areas, it is expected that stresses in these areas can be suitably quantified and processed in order to predict crack initiation and propagation due to in-service loads. The paper starts with references to selected review and application articles on the subj.ct. Two simple laboratory experiments are presented which illustrate the quality of the results that can be achieved using TSA. In the first experiment, a stainless steel T-j.int designed to model a welded structural component is analysed. The T-j.int had a machine-notched crack-like flaw close to the component＇s weld toe. The qualitative and quantitative experimental results determined along four specified areas of the T-j.int model showed that TSA can indeed be used as a tool to detect loaded cracks and hot spots in large metallic structures, and that stresses can be accurately evaluated. In the second experiment, a prismatic bar made of CFRE （carbon fibre-reinforced-epoxy） was tested to locate three subsurface areas of damage introduced beforehand into the component. Two of these inside damaged areas were detected to be 3.1 mm and 7.1 mm from the observed surface. The positive results achieved with the two lab experiments, along with a review of the selected research publications, indicate that TSA application can be extended to the real-world field of structural components. Topics to be addressed in this research field should have to do with components that work under random or quasi-cyclic service loading, problems where adiabatic conditions do not prevail, and reduction of the cost of infra-red cameras.

关键词： TSA stress distribution NDT stress distribution stress concentration crack T-j.int infra-red.

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Exercises for weather and climate / 5th ed.

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2004年

作者： Carbone Gregory j.

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