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Smart Grid Cyber Security： An Overview of Threats and Countermeasures

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第7期9卷 632-647页

作者： Carlos Lopez arman sargolzaei Hugo Santana Carlos Huerta PLC (Power Line Carrier) International Inc. Smart Communication Systems Miami FL 33155 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University Miami FL 33174 USA US Naval Research Laboratory Corrosion Science and Engineering Washington DC 20375 USA

The smart grid is the next generation of power and distribution systems. The integration of advanced network, communications, and computing techniques allows for the enhancement of efficiency and reliability. The smart grid interconnects the flow of information via the power line, intelligent metering, renewable and distributed energy systems, and a monitoring and controlling infrastructure. For all the advantages that these components come with, they remain at risk to a spectrum of physical and digital attacks. This paper will focus on digital vulnerabilities within the smart grid and how they may be exploited to form full fledged attacks on the system. A number of countermeasures and solutions from the literature will also be reported, to give an overview of the options for dealing with such problems. This paper serves as a triggering point for future research into smart grid cyber security.

关键词： Smart grid power line communications smart metering threats vulnerabilities countermeasures solutions.

A Novel Technique for Detection of Time Delay Switch Attack on Load Frequency Control

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2015年第4期6卷 205-214页

作者： arman sargolzaei Kang K. Yen Mohamed N. Abdelghani Abolfazl Mehbodniya Saman sargolzaei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University Miami FL USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Graduate School of Engineering-Sendai Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston MA USA

In this paper, we focus on the estimation of time delays caused by adversaries in the sensing loop (SL). Based on the literature review, time delay switch (TDS) attacks could make any control system, in particular a power control system, unstable. Therefore, future smart grids will have to use advanced methods to provide better situational awareness of power grid states keeping smart grids reliable and safe from TDS attacks. Here, we introduce a simple method for preventing time delay switch attack on networked control systems. The method relies on an estimator that will estimate and track time delays introduced by an adversary. Knowing the maximum tolerable time delay of the plant’s optimal controller for which the plant remains stable, a time-delay detector issues an alarm signal when the estimated time delay is larger than the minimum one and directs the system to alarm state. In an alarm state, the plant operates under the control of an emergency controller that is local to the plant and remains in this mode until the networked control system state is restored. This method is an inexpensive and simple way to guarantee that an industrial control system remains stable and secure.

关键词： Time Delay Switch Attack Load Frequency Control Detection and Estimation Emergency Controller

Predicting the yield of pomegranate oil from supercritical extraction using artificial neural networks and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 357-365页

作者： J. sargolzaei A. Hedayati Moghaddam Department of chemical engineering Ferdowsi university of Mashhad Mashhad *** Iran

Various simulation tools were used to develop an effective intelligent system to predict the effects of temperature and pressure on an oil extraction yield. Pomegranate oil was extracted using a supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2） process. Several simulation systems including a back-propagation neural network （BPNN）, a radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） and an adaptive- network-based fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） were tested and their results were compared to determine the best predictive model. The performance of these networks was evaluated using the coefficient of determination （R^2） and the mean square error （MSE）. The best correlation between the predicted and the experimental data was achieved using the BPNN method with an R^2 of 0.9948.

关键词： oil recovery artificial intelligence extraction neural networks supercritical extraction

Modeling and Simulation of High Power Ultrasonic Process in Preparation of Stable Oil-in-Water Emulsion

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2011年第4期4卷 259-267页

作者： Javad sargolzaei Mohamad Taghi Hamed Mosavian Attieh Hassani 不详

The aims of this research are to study application of high power ultrasound in preparation of stable oil-in-water emulsion. The effect of pH, ionic strength, pectin, Guar gum, lecithin, egg yolk, and xanthan gum as well as the time of sonication, temperature and viscosity of oil-water mixture on the specific surface area and size of droplets, and creaming index of the emulsion samples was investigated. The experimental data were analyzed with Taguchi method and optimum conditions were determined. In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to modeling and categorizes the properties of the resulted emulsion. The results showed that increasing sonication time narrowed the range of droplets size distribution. Pectin and xanthan enhanced the stability of emulsion, although they had different impacts on the emulsion stability when used individually or together. Guar gum improved the viscosity of the continuous phase. Emulsions stabilized by egg yolk were found to be stable to droplet flocculation at pH 3 and at relatively low salt concentrations.

关键词： Ultrasound Process Stable Oil Egg Yolk Emulsion ANFIS FIS

A Comparative Investigation on Growth of Three Food Born Pathogenic Bacteria Inoculated with Withania somnifera:an Invitro Experimental Study

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Veterinary Science Research 2020年第1期2卷 42-48页

作者： Abdoljamal Azar Saeed Salari Sedigheh sargolzaei Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ZabolZabolSistan and BaluchistanIran

Background:Withania somnifera(WS)is proposed as one of the alternatives instead of the *** study is aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potency of enzymatic extract of the fruits of the ***:As an invitro experimental study,the growth rate of Shigella dysenteriae,Salmonella typhimurium,and Escherichia coli inoculated in different concentrations(25%,12.5%,6.25%and 3.125%)of the extract were assessed.A microtitre plate method was *** was applied to identify statistical differences with p-value<***:Different concentrations of extract,in comparison with control,declined the growth rate of all tested *** concentrations inhibited the growth of ***(p<0.05).Compared to the microorganism control,effective concentration of the extract inhibiting the growth of *** was 12.5%,and 6.25%,while it was 12.5%,and 6.25%for ***(p<0.05).A dose-dependent response of *** was *** antibacterial activity of the extract tested was found mainly against *** and *** most resistant microorganism compared to *** and *** was ***(p<0.05).25%of the concentration of the extract showed the different inhibitory effect among three tested bacteria(p<0.05).Conclusions:The extract was labeled as an antibacterial agent against the representative of three foodborne bacteria,*** common effective concentrations of the extract(12.5,and 6.25%)is recommended for further research,as food additive,to remedy digestive ailments related to ***,*** and ***.

关键词： E.coli Pathogen Salmonella typhimurium Shigella dysenteriae Withania somnifera