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Management of autoimmune hepatitis induced by hepatitis delta virus

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 799-805页

作者： Eleni Gigi Vasileios Lagopoulos aris.Liakos Hepatology Unit The Second Internal Medicine DepartmentAristotle University Medical SchoolHippokrateio General HospitalThessaloniki 54642Greece department of Surgical AHEPA General Hospital of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54636Greece Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit Second Medical DepartmentHippokratio General HospitalAristotle University ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Approximately 12-72 million people worldwide are co-infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis delta virus(HDV).This concurrent infection can lead to several severe outcomes with hepatic disease,such as cirrhosis,fulminant hepatitis,and hepatocellular carcinoma,being the most common.Over the past few decades,a correlation between viral hepatitis and autoimmune diseases has been reported.Furthermore,autoantibodies have been detected in the serum of patients co-infected with HBV/HDV,and autoimmune features have been reported.However,to date,very few cases of clinically significant autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)have been reported in patients with HDV infection,mainly in those who have received treatment with pegylated interferon.Interestingly,there are some patients with HBV infection and AIH in whom HDV infection is unearthed after receiving treatment with immunosuppressants.Consequently,several questions remain unanswered with the challenge to distinguish whether it is autoimmune or“autoimmune-like”hepatitis being the most crucial.Second,it remains uncertain whether autoimmunity is induced by HBV or delta virus.Finally,we investigated whether the cause of AIH lies in the previous treatment of HDV with pegylated interferon.These pressing issues should be elucidated to clarify whether new antiviral treatments for HDV,such as Bulevirtide or immu-nosuppressive drugs,are more appropriate for the management of patients with HDV and AIH.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Hepatitis delta virus Bulevirtide Prednisolone

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Innovative immunosuppression in kidney transplantation:A challenge for unmet needs

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第3期12卷 27-41页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori aris.Tsalouchos department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University HospitalFlorence 50139Italy Division of Nephrology Santa Maria Annunziata HospitalFlorence 50012Italy

Due to the optimal results obtained in kidney transplantation and to the lack of interest of the industries,new innovative drugs in kidney transplantation are difficult to be encountered.The best strategy to find the new drugs recently developed or under development is to search in the sections of kidney transplantation still not completely covered by the drugs on the market.These unmet needs are the prevention of delayed graft function(DGF),the protection of the graft over the long time and the desensitization of preformed anti human leukocyte antigen antibodies and the treatment of the acute antibody-mediated rejection.These needs are particularly relevant due to the expansion of some kind of kidney transplantation as transplantation from non-heart beating donor and in the case of antibody-incompatible grafts.The first are particularly exposed to DGF,the latter need a safe desensitization and a safe treatments of the antibody mediated rejections that often occur.Particular caution is needed in treating these drugs.First,they are described in very recent studies and the follow-up of their effect is of course rather short.Second,some of these drugs are still in an early phase of study,even if in well-conducted randomized controlled trials.Particular caution and a careful check need to be used in trials launched 2 or 3 years ago.Indeed,is always necessary to verify whether the study is still going on or whether and why the study itself was abandoned.

关键词： New drugs Unmet needs in kidney transplantation delayed graft function Long-term outcomes Kidney inflammation Anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies

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Is there a role of lipid-lowering therapies in the management of fatty liver disease?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第1期14卷 119-139页

作者： Ismini Tzanaki aris.P Agouridis Michael S Kostapanos School of Medicine European University CyprusNicosiaCyprusNicosia 2404Cyprus School of Medicine European University CyprusNicosia 2404Cyprus General Medicine Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge University HospitalsCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is characterized by increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.It is highly prevalent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with this condition.Alongside insulin resistance it plays an important pathogenetic role in NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)development and progression.It has been shown that cholesterol-lowering reduces cardiovascular risk more in NAFLD vs non-NAFLD high-risk individuals.This evidence highlights the importance of effective lipid modulation in NAFLD.In this narrative review the effects of the most commonly used lipid-lowering therapies on liver outcomes alongside their therapeutic implications in NAFLD/NASH are critically discussed.Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that statins reduce hepatic steatosis,inflammation and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD/NASH.Most data are derived from observational and small prospective clinical studies using changes in liver enzyme activities,steatosis/fibrosis scores,and imaging evidence of steatosis as surrogates.Also,relevant histologic benefits were noted in small biopsy studies.Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin showed greater benefits,whereas data for other statins are scarce and sometimes conflicting.Similar studies to those of statins showed efficacy of ezetimibe against hepatic steatosis.However,no significant anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions of ezetimibe have been shown.Preclinical studies showed that fibrates through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)αactivation may have a role in NAFLD prevention and management.Nevertheless,no relevant benefits have been noted in human studies.Species-related differences in PPARαexpression and its activation responsiveness may help explain this discrepancy.Omega-3 fatty acids reduced hepatic steatosis in numerous heterogeneous studies,but their benefits on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis have not been established.Promising pre

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Statin Ezetimibe Fibrates ω-3 fatty acids Bile acid resins

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Thermoelectric properties of Indium doped skutterudite thick film synthesized by a facile technique of electrochemical deposition

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第5期9卷 899-909页

作者： Nuur Syahidah Sabran Iman aris.Fadzallah Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri Takahito Ono department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia Centre for Energy Sciences Universiti Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia department of Mechanical System Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendai980-8579Japan

Doped/filled skutterudites are much studied materials due to their excellent thermoelectric performance.However,their synthesis and preparation is complicated.This work synthesized indium(In)doped cobalt triantimonide(CoSb_(3))skutterudite thick films using a facile electrochemical deposition technique through chronoamperometric steps for 2 h.The nominal composition of In element is found in the range of 0.55e0.23 for a stoichiometric condition of In doped CoSb_(3)thick films.The early crystal growth of In doped films shows instantaneous nucleation and is controlled by the charge transfer process with diffusion coefficient,D of 10^(-5)cm^(2)/s.The incorporation of In into the interstitial sites of CoSb_(3)cages is evident from the lattice constant(a)expansion as observed in XRD.The optimum Seeback coefficient(S)of the 0.5 mmol In doped CoSb_(3)thick film is89.84 mV/K at 282 K,due to an increase in the carrier concentration(n~10^(20)cm^(-3)).The negative S is due to the electron donor behaviour of the In.Meanwhile,high electrical conductivity,s value(14.26 kS/m)contributes to a power factor(S2s)increment of 115.11 mW/(m$K2).The result shows a promising thermoelectric property of doped skutterudite synthesized by electrochemical deposition technique.

关键词： Indium Electrochemical deposition Thermoelectric Thick film Skutterudites

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Effectiveness of ultrafine bubbles and gamma irradiation treatments to improve seed viability and vigor of Albizia chinensis(Osbeck)Merr.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1607-1613页

作者： dede J.Sudrajat Anindyta Putri Y.aris.Purwanto Iskandar Z.Siregar Forest Tree Seed Technology Research and development Center Jl.Pakuan CiheuleutPO BOX 105BogorWest JavaIndonesia department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityJl.Lingkar Kampus DramagaBogor 16680West JavaIndonesia department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering IPB UniversityJl.Lingkar Kampus DramagaBogor 16680West JavaIndonesia

Ultrafine bubbles and low doses of gamma irradiation had a positive effect on seed germination.This research tested the effectiveness of ultrafine bubbles(UFB)water and gamma irradiation for improving the viability and vigor of Albizia chinensis(Osbeck)Merr.seeds that had been stored for four years.A completely randomized two-factor experiment,i.e.,UFB water and gamma irradiation treatments,were used to determine the best seed treatment.The UFB water treatment had a significant effect on all seed germination parameters;the gamma irradiation treatment did not have a significant effect on improving the viability and vigor of the seeds,with a very low initial germination(11.7%).Soaking the seeds in UFB water for 30 min gave the best germination(51.3%).These improvements also occurred in other germination parameters such as germination rate,germination value,radicle length and vigor index.The UFB water treatment has the potential to improve the germination of seeds with low physiological qualities.

关键词： Albizia chinensis Gamma rays Germination Ultrafine bubbles

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New antigens involved in membranous nephropathy beyond phospholipase A2 receptor

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World Journal of Nephrology 2022年第4期11卷 115-126页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori aris.Tsalouchos department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University HospitalFlorence 50139TuscanyItaly Division of Nephrology Santa Maria AnnunziataFlorence 50012TuscanyItaly

When the physiopathology of membranous nephropathy was first described,almost 30%of cases were recognized to be secondary to well-known diseases such as autoimmune diseases,tumors or infections.The remaining 70%cases were called primary membranous nephropathy as the exact mechanism or pathogenic factor involved was unknown.The discovery of the M type phospholipase A2 receptor and thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A as causative antigens in these“so called”primary membranous nephropathies provided new insights into the effective causes of a large proportion of these cases.Novel techniques such as laser microdissection and tandem mass spectrometry as well as immunochemistry with antibodies directed against novel proteins allowed the confirmation of new involved antigens.Finally,using confocal microscopy to localize these new antigens and immunoglobulin G and Western blot analysis of serum samples,these new antigens were detected on the glomerular membrane,and the related antibodies were detected in serum samples.The same antigens have been recognized in some cases of secondary membranous disease due to autoimmune diseases,tumors and infections.This has allowed examination of the relationship between antigens in primary membranous nephropathy and their presence in some secondary nephropathies.The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of the new antigens discovered and their association with other diseases.

关键词： Membranous nephropathy Exostosin½ Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Neural epidermal growth factor like-1 protein Protocadherin 7 Semaphorin 3B

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A model to standardize safety and quality of care for cupping therapy

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期19卷 327-332页

作者： Riska Siregar aris.Setyawan Syahruramdhani Syahruramdhani Lembaga Mitra Sehat Manfaat Relief-Health Partnership SocietySleman 55292Yogyakarta ProvinceIndonesia School of Nursing Institute of Health ScienceSurya Global YogyakartaBantul 55194Yogyakarta ProvinceIndonesia School of Nursing Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta ProvinceIndonesia

Cupping therapy has historical, traditional and religious value. It is increasingly popular in the field of complementary, alternative and integrative medicine. However, standards for safety and quality of service are absent. Although it is generally considered safe, cupping therapy can cause adverse events.Most of these events are predictable and preventable. A comprehensive approach to patient eligibility and therapist selection, along with compliance with standard operational procedures is essential to regulate the safety of the practice. Here we discuss a model framework for standardizing safety and quality of care. We recommend that this model be used routinely by cupping therapists and their associations on a nation-wide scale.

关键词： Cupping therapy Safety Theoretical models Practice management

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Origin and genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 receptors, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第41期26卷 6335-6345页

作者： Michail Galanopoulos aris.Doukatas Maria Gazouli department of Gastroenterology 401 General Military Hospital of AthensAthens 11525AttikiGreece Medical Office of Hellenic Army General Staff 401 General Military Hospital of AthensAthens 11525AttikiGreece Laboratory of Biology School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527AttikiGreece

The emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 induced by a newly identified bcoronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2) has constituted a public health emergency. Even though it was considered a zoonotic disease, the virus has also spread among humans via respiratory secretions. The expression and distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme type 2(ACE2) in various human organs might also show other possible infection routes. High ACE2 ribonucleic acid expression has been identified in the gastrointestinal tract(GI) indicating its importance as a possible infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 induces viral entry into the host and most importantly has been found to be associated with the function of the gut. Its deficiency has been implicated in several pathologies such as colorectal inflammation. The renin-angiotensin system(RAS) is an essential regulatory cascade operating both at a local tissue level and at the systemic or circulatory level. The RAS may be important in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and is associated with the up-regulation of ACE2. Thus, the aim of this review is firstly, the analysis of some important general and genome characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and secondly, and most importantly, to focus on the utility of ACE2 receptors in both SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, especially in the GI tract.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Gastrointestinal tract Angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 Angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 receptor Renin-angiotensin system Angiotensin converting enzyme

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A second demographic transition in Indonesia?

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China Population and development Studies 2022年第3期6卷 288-315页

作者： Ariane Utomo aris.Ananta Diahhadi Setyonaluri Calvin Aryaputra School of Geography Earth and Atmospheric SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas IndonesiaDepok CityIndonesia The Centre for Advanced Research Universiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam Population and Labour Studies Faculty of Economics and BusinessUniversitas IndonesiaDepok CityIndonesia

As a predominantly Muslim and ethnically diverse new democracy in Asia,Indo-nesia is a timely case to study how the contending forces of development and social change are reflected in changing norms and practices around family formation.This paper examines the extent to which the second demographic transition(SDT)theory can provide a primary framework to understand contemporary patterns of fertility,marriage and family change in Indonesia.Against the backdrop of socio-political change following Reformasi in 1998,we found emerging demographic fea-tures typically associated with societies in later stages of fertility transition.These include fertility below replacement in some regions;increasing age at first marriage,non-marriage,and divorce rates;and growing diversity in household/family forms.As the vast regions of Indonesia is economically,culturally,and demographically heterogeneous,these key features of SDT are not likely to emerge and unfold in a uniform manner.Further,these demographic shifts are taking place amidst multi-ple tensions and contradictions in the nature and direction of ideational change per-taining to marriage and the family.We argue that the prevailing ideational change driving the shifts in marriage,fertility,and the family within Indonesia is neither unilinear nor singular in nature.Emerging ideational change embodying individual-ism,secularis.,and post-materialism-originally proposed in SDT theory to be the primary drivers of fertility decline in post-industrial Western Europe-can overlap with popular values promoting de-secularization and the strengthening of familial institutions.As a demographic framework,the SDT theory is an important and use-ful starting point.But it needs to be reevaluated by considering the complex socio-political and increasingly precarious economic terrains behind fertility transition,as well as marriage and family change in post-Reformasi Indonesia.

关键词： Indonesia Fertility Marriage Family Second demographic transition Islam Diversity

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Current protocols and outcomes of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第7期10卷 191-205页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori aris.Tsalouchos department of Transplantation Renal Unit Careggi University HospitalFlorence 50139Italy Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Saints Cosmas and Damian HospitalPescia 51017Italy

One of the principal obstacles in transplantation from living donors is that approximately 30%are immunologically incompatible because of the presence in the recipient of antibodies directed against the human leukocyte antigen system of the donor or because of the incompatibility of the ABO system.The aim of this review is to describe the more recent data from the literature on the different protocols used and the clinical outcomes of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation.Two different strategies are used to overcome these barriers:desensitization of the recipient to remove the antibodies and to prevent their rebound after transplantation and the exchange of organs between two or more pairs.The largest part of this review is dedicated to describing the techniques of desensitization.Even if the first reports of successful renal transplantation between ABO-incompatible pairs have been published by 1980,the number of ABO-incompatible transplants increased substantially in this century because of our improved knowledge of the immune system and the availability of new drugs.Rituximab has substantially replaced splenectomy.The technique of apheresis has improved and more recently a tailored desensitization proved to be the more efficient strategy avoiding an excess of immunosuppression with the related side effects.Recent reports document outcomes for such transplantation similar to the outcomes of standard transplantation.

关键词： ABO-incompatible transplants desensitization strategies Immunological aspects B cell depletion Immunomodulation Apheresis techniques Kidney paired donation

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