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Does Cash Incentive Effect TB Case Notification by Public Private Mix-General Practitioners Model in Pakistan?

Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第2期6卷 166-174页

作者： Robina Ashraf Farah Naureen arif noor Jafer Ilyas Razia Fatima Aashifa Yaqoob Ahmad Wali Mahboob Ul Haq Abdullah Latif Sumaira Hussain Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad Pakistan Mercy Corps Islamabad Pakistan National Tuberculosis Control Program Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Provincial TB Control Program Balochistan Quetta Pakistan

Setting: Private healthcare providers including solo practitioners and laboratories enrolled with Public Private Mix General Practitioners model in Pakistan who were enrolled with the program and maintained participation during 2014 to 2016. Objective: To assess the change in case notification by private healthcare providers as well as effect on sputum smear positivity rate at private laboratories after introduction of incentives. Design: A comparative cross-sectional study based on routinely maintained National TB Control Program data collected before and after the introduction of incentives (2014 and 2016). Results: In 2016, TB case notification increased by 71% after cash incentives was introduced. Among the 618 private healthcare providers who enrolled and maintained participation in the Public Private Mix program, only 1% of the GPs contributed to 19% increase in case notification, whereas 27% GPs had reported a reduced number of cases compared to the pre-intervention period. After incentives, slide positivity rate for diagnostic declined by 1.9% and follow-up increased by 0.6%. Number of slides for diagnostic and follow-up testing increased by 82% and 72% respectively. Conclusion: Engaging the private healthcare sector, by providing cash incentives to private health care Provider’s is an effective strategy for providing a substantial increase in National TB case notification.

关键词： Public Private Mix Cash Incentive Tuberculosis General Practitioner Pakistan

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Identification of Software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq Fahim arif Khursheed Aurangzeb noor ul Ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty requirements.Researchers are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is needed.Accurate bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning methods.However,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other datasets.Therefore,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification problems.The methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a model.Four National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were combined.It reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Malay Version of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) V3.1

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Health 2018年第7期10卷 985-997页

作者： Nor Asiah Muhamad Omar Mihat Rushidi Ramly Aniza Abdul Aziz Rozanim Kamaruddin Wan Nor arifin Wan Mansor noor Hashimah Abdullah Mohd arif Mohd noor Rohaida Ismail Widya Astrina Wisman noor Aliza Lodz Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff Institute for Public Health Ministry of Health Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Non Communicable Disease Section Ministry of Health Putrajaya Malaysia Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu Malaysia Lembah Pantai District Health Office Ministry of Health Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Malaysia Kelantan State Health Department Ministry of Health Kota Bharu Malaysia Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II Ministry of Health Kota Bharu Malaysia

Introduction: A psychoactive substance has become an overwhelming public health burden globally. It causes social problems for the user and surrounding people which may affect work or study and cause negative economic impact. Objective: This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) into Malay and to assess its reliability and validity. Methods: The Malay version of the ASSIST v 3.1 was developed after the translation and back-translation, which included the stages recommended by Beaton. The ASSIST v 3.1 was administered to 125 respondents. The Malay ASSIST v 3.1 was completed twice by each respondent 7 to 14-day intervals to assess test-retest reliability based on the intra-rater and interrater correlation coefficient. Results: Majority of the respondents were male, Malay and currently employed. The intra-rater reliability is 0.84 and the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.97) were excellent. Conclusion: Malay ASSIST v3.1 was a valid and reliable tool to screen substances abuse at varying degree. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to assess its responsiveness.

关键词： Substance Use Translation Reliability Validity ASSIST

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Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 764-773页

作者： arif Hussain Haiyang Yan noor Ul Afsar Chenxiao Jiang Yaoming Wang Tongwen Xu Department of Applied Chemistry Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED)is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases.However,the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale application.Herein,we report an especially designed multistage-batch(two/three-stage-batch)BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid(Vacid),base(Vbase),and salt compartments(Vsalt).The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the threestage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:2.Besides,the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch process.With the two-stage-batch BMED,the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L^(-1),which was higher than the most reported base production by BMED.The low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable,cost-effective,and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.

关键词： bipolar membrane electrodialysis multistagebatch base production high-salinity wastewater

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Generation of OAM Waves and Analysis of Mode Purity for 5G Sub-6 GHz Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 2239-2259页

作者： Shehab Khan noor arif Mawardi Ismail Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin Mohamed Nasrun Osman Nurulazlina Ramli Ali H.Rambe J.Iqbal Advanced Communication Engineering(ACE) Centre of ExcellenceFaculty of Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PerlisKangarPerlisMalaysia Centre for Advanced Electrical&Electronic System(CAEES)Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and Information TechnologySEGi University Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20155Indonesia School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering CampusUniversiti Sains MalaysiaNibong Tebal14300PenangMalaysia Faculty of Engineering&Technology Gomal University29050 kpkPakistan

This article presents the generation of Orbital AngularMomentum(OAM)vortex waves with mode 1 using Uniform Circular Array(UCA)antenna.Two different designs,namely,UCA-1(4-element array antenna)and UCA-2(8-element array antenna),were designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode 1 at 3.5 GHz(5G mid-band).The proposed antenna arrays comprised rectangular microstrip patch elements with inset fed technique.The elements were excited by a carefully designed feeding phase shift network to provide similar output energy at output ports with desired phase shift value.The generated OAM waves were confirmed by measuring the null in the bore sight of their 2D radiation patterns,simulated phase distribution and intensity distribution.The measurement results agree well with the simulation results.Moreover,a detailed mode purity analysis of the generated OAM waves was carried out considering different factors.The investigation found that the greater the number of elements,the higher the purity of the generated OAM wave.Compared with other previous works,the proposed antenna design of this paper is very simple to design and fabricate.In addition,the proposed antennas are compact in design even at lower frequency band with very wide bandwidth to meet the requirements of 5G mid-band applications.

关键词： Orbital angular momentum vortex waves fifth generation wireless communications uniform circular array antenna patch antenna

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Higher Order OAM Mode Generation Using Wearable Antenna for 5G NR Bands

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第10期47卷 537-551页

作者： Shehab Khan noor arif Mawardi Ismail Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin Mohamed Nasrun Osman Thennarasan Sabapathy Shakhirul Mat Salleh Ping Jack Soh Ali Hanafiah Rambe Nurulazlina Ramli Advanced Communication Engineering(ACE) Centre of ExcellenceFaculty of Electronic Engineering&TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PerlisKangarPerlisMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Technology(FTK) Department of Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Perlis(UniMAP)Unicity Alam Campus02100Padang BesarPerlisMalaysia Centre for Wireless Communications(CWC) University of Oulu90570OuluFinland Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20155Indonesia Centre for Advanced Electrical and Electronic System(CAEES)Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and Information TechnologySEGi University SelangorMalaysia

This paper presents a flexible and wearable textile array antenna designed to generate Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)waves with Mode+2 at 3.5 GHz(3.4 to 3.6 GHz)of the sub-6 GHz fifth-generation(5G)New Radio(NR)band.The proposed antenna is based on a uniform circular array of eight microstrip patch antennas on a felt textile substrate.In contrast to previous works involving the use of rigid substrates to generate OAM waves,this work explored the use of flexible substrates to generate OAM waves for the first time.Other than that,the proposed antenna was simulated,analyzed,fabricated,and tested to confirm the generation of OAMMode+2.With the same design,OAM Mode−2 can be generated readily simply by mirror imaging the feed network.Note that the proposed antenna operated at the desired frequency of 3.5 GHz with an overall bandwidth of 400 MHz in free space.Moreover,mode purity analysis is carried out to verify the generation of OAM Mode+2,and the purity obtained was 41.78%at free space flat condition.Furthermore,the effect of antenna bending on the purity of the generated OAM mode is also investigated.Lastly,the influence of textile properties on OAM modes is examined to assist future researchers in choosing suitable fabrics to design flexible OAM-based antennas.After a comprehensive analysis considering different factors related to wearable applications,this paper demonstrates the feasibility of generating OAMwaves using textile antennas.Furthermore,as per the obtained Specific Absorption Rate(SAR),it is found that the proposed antenna is safe to be deployed.The findings of this work have a significant implication for body-centric communications.

关键词： Wearable antenna OAM vortex waves 5G textile antenna microstrip patch antenna specific absorption rate(SAR)

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Negotiation Based Combinatorial Double Auction Mechanism in Cloud Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2123-2140页

作者： Zakir Ullah Asif Umer Mahdi Zaree Jamil Ahmad Faisal Alanazi noor Ul Amin arif Iqbal Umar Ali Imran Jehangiri Muhammad Adnan Department of Information Technology Hazara University MansehraMansehra21300Pakistan Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesZapopan45201Mexico Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringAlkharj16273Saudi Arabia

Cloud computing is a demanding business platform for services related to the field of IT.The goal of cloud customers is to access resources at a sustainable price,while the goal of cloud suppliers is to maximize their services utilization.Previously,the customers would bid for every single resource type,which was a limitation of cloud resources allocation.To solve these issues,researchers have focused on a combinatorial auction in which the resources are offered by the providers in bundles so that the user bids for their required bundle.Still,in this allocation mechanism,some drawbacks need to be tackled,such as due to the lower average bid price the users are dropped from the auction process.To solve this problem,we proposed a“Negotiation based Combinatorial Double Auction Mechanism for Resource Allocation(N-CDARA)in cloud computing”.The proposed method negotiates with dropped users.Lower average bid price users are asked by our proposed mechanism to increase their bids,as by the quoted bids they will be dropped by the auctioneer.Most of the users that are close to winning accept the proposal and increase their bid prices.The proposed mechanism is implemented in a CloudSim simulation toolkit.Results are compared with the latest model and performance study shows that in our proposed scheme more users win and get their requested services and the utilization of offered services is increased up to 18.4%than the existing schemes.

关键词： Cloud computing combinatorial double auction negotiation resource utilization users serve

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Supply Response Analysis of Rice Growers in District Gujranwala, Pakistan

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1069-1076页

作者： Sunair Junaid arif Ullah Shaofeng Zheng Syed noor Muhammad Shah Shahid Ali Munir Khan Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan College of Economics and Management Northwest A & F University Yangling China Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D. I. Khan Pakistan College of Horticulture Northwest A & F University Yangling China

The study was designed to estimate the restricted profit function in district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from 100 respondents using proportional allocation sampling tech-nique. The analysis was done using SHAZAM software. The results indicate that the farmers are price-responsive. Rice own price elasticity was 1.873. The output supply elasticity of rice with re-spect to education, land, fertilizer price and irrigation cost were 0.0.169, 1.274, -0.873 and -0.953 respectively. Irrigation demand elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price were 0.14, 1.14, -0.783, -1.84 and 1.78 respectively. Fertilizer demand elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was 0.023, 0.792, -1.65, -0.85 and 1.851 respectively. Lastly, the elasticity of profit with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was 0.20, 1.10, -0.83, -1.136 and 1.92 respectively. The study recommends that Government should provide consistent electricity with stable rates, so that, they irrigate their fields through electric tube wells and ultimately their cost of irrigation decreases. The study also suggests that government should stabilized fertilizer prices to encourage its application. Furthermore, government should raise procurement price of rice to encourage its supply this;it in turn will also increase the profit of the farmer.

关键词： Rice Supply Response Translog Restricted Profit

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Factors Affecting the Adoption of Organic Farming in Peshawar-Pakistan

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第6期6卷 587-593页

作者： arif Ullah Syed noor Muhammad Shah Amjad Ali Rubina Naz Amanullah Mahar Shahmir Ali Kalhoro College of Economics and Management Northwest A & F University Yangling China College of Horticulture Northwest A & F University Yangling China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A & F University Yangling China Department of Botany Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) Kohat Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan

This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of organic farming in Peshawar-Pakistan. A total of 100 respondents were randomly selected from the four different cultivated areas of Peshawar, namely Palosi, Regi, Ternab and Pushtakhara. Binary logistic re-gression was used in this study to categorize the organic farming into adoption and non-adoption. The purpose of this model was to check the event probability for a categorical response variable with two outcomes. The results of the binary logistic show that factors affecting adoption of organic farming have a significant effect on the farmer productivity. Moreover, cost, productivity, profitability, compatibility and efficiency have a positive and significant effect. Thus, it is obvious that adopting organic farming not only to increase the farmer income but also to protect environmental pollution by avoiding the toxic chemical and fertilizer. Finally, we suggest that government agencies, extension and research institution should play a vital role to strengthen the awareness and advantages of organic farming.

关键词： Binary Logistic Regression Logit and Probit Organic Farming

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