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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan J.Tilbrook Shane K.Maloney Jill N.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley Luoyang Ding arch. h.fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy J.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative *** welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to *** this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human *** proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological *** also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

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Severer nodular lesion in white matter than in gray matter in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected monkey, but not closely correlated with viral infection

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第4期34卷 292-300页

作者： Jingdong Zhang howard fox huangui Xiong Department ofAnesthesiology University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45267USA Department of Pharmacology and Experiment Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA.

Immune cell accumulation and white matter anomaly are common features of hIV(human immunodeficiency virus)-infected patients in combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) *** tests on cART treated patients displayed prominent diffuse white matter ***,immune cell nodular lesion(NL) was a conspicuous type of pathological change in hIV/SIV(simian immunodeficiency virus) infected brain before ***,we used SIV infected brain to investigate the distribution of those NLs in gray and white *** found a significant higher number of NLs in white matter than that in gray ***,virus infection correlated with macrophage NLs but not with microglia NLs,especially in white *** addition,NLs interrupted white matter integrity more severely,since even tiny nodules could disconnect nerve fibers in white matter *** the gray matter with dense myelinated axons,NLs obviously encroached those fibers;in the area of few myelinated axons,small nodules well co-localized with extracellular matrix between neurons.

关键词： simian immunodeficiency virus-infected monkey white matter tract nodular lesions microglia nodules perivascular cuffing nerve fiber disconnection

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Enhanced diagnostic workup increases pathological findings in patients with acute ischaemic stroke:results of the prospective hEBRAS study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第2期9卷 145-152,I0414-I0425页

作者： Simon hellwig Thomas Krause Jan F Scheitz Juliane herm Ulrike Grittner Nadja Jauert Jochen B Fiebach Mario Kasner Wolfram Doehner Matthias Endres Rolf Wachter Thomas Elgeti Christian h Nolte Karl Georg haeusler Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Center for Stroke Research.Berlin BerlinGermany Berlin Institute of health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany Department of Neurology Jüdisches Krankenhaus BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases(DZhK) Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany BIh Center for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT) Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Department of Radiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany

Background Stroke aetiology remains cryptogenic in a relevant proportion of patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).We assessed whether enhanced diagnostic workup after AIS yields a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings compared with routine diagnostic care *** hospitalised patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled in the investigator-initiated observational hEart and BRain Interfaces in Acute Ischaemic Stroke(hEBRAS)study at the Charité,Berlin,*** with AIS without known atrial fibrillation(AF)underwent cardiovascular MR imaging(CMR),MR-angiography of the aortic arch.and prolonged holter-ECG monitoring on top of routine diagnostic *** Among 356 patients with AIS(mean age 66 years,37.6%female),enhanced workup yielded a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings compared with routine care(17.7%vs 5.3%;phanced diagnostic workup(38.5%vs 45.5%,phocardiography in 228(64.0%)*** was successfully performed in 292(82.0%)patients and revealed more often a prespecified pathological finding compared with routine echocardiography(16.1%vs 5.3%).Furthermore,study-related ECG monitoring(median duration 162 hours(IQR 98–210))detected AF in 16(4.5%)patients,while routine monitoring(median duration 51 hours(IQR 34–74))detected AF in seven(2.0%)*** Enhanced diagnostic workup revealed a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings in patients with AIS compared with routine diagnostic care and significantly reduced the proportion of patients with cryptogenic *** registration number NCT02142413.

关键词： routine patients prospective

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Direct contacts of microglia on myelin sheath and Ranvier’s node in the corpus callosum in rats

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2019年第3期33卷 192-200页

作者： Jingdong Zhang Xinglong Yang You Zhou howard fox huangui Xiong Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Clinical and Scientific Training Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medicine Sciences Center for Biotechnology University of Nebraska at Lincoln School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Over the recent years, it has been found that microglia pseudopodia contact synapses, detect sick ones and prune them, even in adult animals. Myelinated nerves also carry out plasticity in which microglia remove myelin debris by phagocytosis. however, it remains unknown whether microglia explore structures on nerve fibers, such as Ranvier’s node(RN) or myelin sheath, before they become debris. By double or triple staining RNs or myelin sheathes and microglia in healthy rat corpus callosum, this study unveiled direct contacts of microglia pseudopodia with RNs and with para-and inter-nodal myelin sheathes, which was then verified by electron microscopic observations. Our data indicated that microglia also explore unmyelinated nerve fibers. Furthermore, we used the animals with matured white matter;therefore, microglia may be actively involved in plasticity of matured white matter tracts as it does for synapse pruning, instead of only passively phagocytize myelin debris.

关键词： Ranvier’s node myelin sheath microglia contact matured white matter tract

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A Numerical Method of Cavity Identification for Beam on Elastic Foundation

A Numerical Method of Cavity Identification for Beam on Elas...

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The second Asia-Pacific International Conference on Computational Methods in Engineering（ICOME2006）

作者： h. h. Ge1 2 J. Y. Xu1 B. Y. Zhao2 1 School of Mechanics Civil Engineering & arch. Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China 2 Air Force Engineering Design & Research.Institute Beijing 100068 China

The research.on the mechanical behavior of the beam or plate on elastic foundation beam is an important category in the aeronautic and transport engineering. For example,in the general the pavement-subgrade system can be modeled by a beam or plate on the continuous elastic foundation subjected to an aircraft load. Since the pavement-subgrade system is often drowned in rain water and stricken by airplane repeatedly,after long time use,the local cavities may come into being under the pavement. When the size of these cavities is too large,the airport can be used anymore. Therefore,it is urgently necessary to develop a new technique to determine the position and size of these cavities in early time. Although such topic has already been reported in the literature [1-3],there are still some dissatisfied respects for the practical applications. In this paper,we focus our attention on the developing a numerical method to determine the position and the size of cavities of beam on elastic foundation. The general dynamic equations for the beam on elastic foundation with cavity are constructed,and an analysis solution of the corresponding natural frequency is also presented. Based on these results,the objective function for this procedure is taken to be the difference in the least-squares sense between the computed and the measured natural frequencies of the system. The design variables are defined in terms of some undetermined cavity parameters. The conjugate gradient algorithm for unconstrained optimization is adopted for minimizing the objective function. Some numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the application of the method.

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Microscopic insight into the single step growth of in-plane heterostructures between graphene and hexagonal boron nitride

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 675-682页

作者： Thanh hai Nguyen Daniele Perilli Mattia Cattelan hongsheng Liu Francesco Sedona Neil A. fox Cristiana Di Valentin Stefano Agnoli Department of Chemical Science University of Padova Via Francesco Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Ita Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Universita di Milano-Bicocca via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantocks Close Bristol BS81TS UK

Graphene-h-BN hybrid nanostructures are grown in one step on the Pt(111) surface by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition using a single precursor,the dimethylamino borane *** varying the deposition conditions,different nanostructures ranging from a fully continuous hybrid monolayer to well-separated Janus nanodots can be *** growth starts with heterogeneous nucleation on morphological defects such as Pt step edges and proceeds by the addition of small clusters formed by the decomposition of the dimethylamino borane *** tunneling microscopy measurements indicate that a sharp zigzag in-plane boundary is formed when graphene grows aligned with the Pt substrate and consequently with the h-BN layer as *** graphene is rotated by 30°,the graphene armchair edges are seamlessly connected to h-BN zigzag *** is confirmed by a thorough density functional theory (DFT) *** resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data suggests that both h-BN and graphene present the typical electronic structure of self-standing non-interacting materials.

关键词： graphene h-BN heterostructures seanning tunneling microscopy density functional theory (DFT)

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偶图的周长

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沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版） 1995年第1期19卷 92-94页

作者：刘玉柱

设Ｇ是以（Ａ，Ｂ）为顶点二分划的偶图，ｄ（ｘ）＝ｍｉｎ｛ｄ（ｕ）｜ｎＡ｝＝ｋ≥２，λ＝ｍｉｎ｛ｄ（ｕ）｜ｕＡ＼（ｘ）｝≥ｋ，２≤｜Ａ｜≤λ，｜Ｂ｜≤λ＋ｋ－２，则Ｇ的周长为２｜Ａ｜．

关键词：偶图周长二分划 h图

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The Deep-Time Digital Earth program: data-driven discovery in geosciences

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 156-166页

作者： Chengshan Wang Robert M.hazen Qiuming Cheng Michael h.Stephenson Chenghu Zhou Peter fox Shu-zhong Shen Roland Oberhansli Zengqian hou Xiaogang Ma Zhiqiang Feng Junxuan Fan Chao Ma Xiumian hu Bin Luo Juanle Wang Craig M.Schiffries State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences School of the Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences British Geological Survey State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Tetherless World Constellation Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Potsdam Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Department of Computer Science University of Idaho Petroleum Exploration and Production Research.Institute SINOPEC DDE Center of Excellence(Suzhou)

Current barriers hindering data-driven discoveries in deep-time Earth(DE) include: substantial volumes of DE data are not digitized; many DE databases do not adhere to FAIR(findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) principles; we lack a systematic knowledge graph for DE; existing DE databases are geographically heterogeneous; a significant fraction of DE data is not in open-access formats; tailored tools are needed. These challenges motivate the Deep-Time Digital Earth(DDE) program initiated by the International Union of Geological Sciences and developed in cooperation with national geological surveys,professional associations, academic institutions and scientists around the world. DDE’s mission is to build on previous research.to develop a systematic DE knowledge graph, a FAIR data infrastructure that links existing databases and makes dark data visible, and tailored tools for DE data, which are universally accessible. DDE aims to harmonize DE data, share global geoscience knowledge and facilitate data-driven discovery in the understanding of Earth’s evolution.

关键词： Deep-Time Digital Earth data-driven discovery big data Earth evolution cyberinfrastructure

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Ultrasound curriculum taught by first-year medical students： A four-year experience in Tanzania

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 33-40页

作者： Scan P. Denny William B. Mintccr Rcccc T.h. Fcnning Sahil Aggarwal Dcbora h. Lee Shclla K. Raja Kaavya R. Raman Allison O. Farfcl Priya A. Patcl MarkLicbcr Mcgan E. Bcrnstcin Shadi Lahham John C. fox School of Medicine University of California Irvine Orange California 92868 USA Department of EmergencyMedicine University of California Irvine Orange California 92868 USA

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging is an integral aspect of care that is often insufficient, if not altogether absent, in rural and remote regions of low to middle income countries(LMICs) such as Tanzania. The introduction of ultrasound can significantly impact treatment in these countries due to its portability, low cost, safety, and usefulness in various medical assessments. This study reviews the implementation of a four-week ultrasound course administered annually from 2013–2016 in a healthcare professional school in Mwanza, Tanzania by first-year allopathic US medical ***: Participants(n=582, over 4 years) were recruited from the Tandabui Institute of health Sciences and Technology to take the ultrasound course. Subjects were predominantly clinical officer students, but other participants included other healthcare professional students, practicing healthcare professionals, and school employees. Data collected includes pre-course examination scores, post-course examination scores, course quiz scores, demographic surveys, and postcourse feedback surveys. Data was analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and the single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA).RESULTS: For all participants who completed both the pre-and post-course examinations(n=229, 39.1% of the total recruited), there was a significant mean improvement in their ultrasound knowledge of 42.5%, Phat trained first-year medical students can effectively teach a point of care ultrasound course to healthcare professional students within four weeks in Tanzania. Future investigation into the level of long-term knowledge retention, impact of ultrasound training on knowledge of human anatomy and diagnostic capabilities, and how expansion of an ultrasound curriculum has impacted access to care in rural Tanzania is warranted.

关键词： Point of care ultrasound Ultrasound education Tanzania

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The microsatellite polymorphism of heme oxygenase-1 is associated with baseline plasma IL-6 level but not with restenosis after coronary in-stenting

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第18期118卷 1525-1532页

作者： LI Ping Mohamed A. Elrayess Abuzeid h. Gomma Jutta Palmen Emma hawe Kim M. fox Steve E. humphries Cardiovascular Department Second Affiliated Hospital of JiangxiMedical College Nanchang 330006 China Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics British Heart FoundationLaboratories Department of Medicine Rayne Building 5 UniversityStreet London WC1E 6JF National heart ＆ Lung Institute and Royal Brompton hospital Cardiac Medicine Sydney Street London SW3 6NP

Background Vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） can express heme-oxygenase （hO）, a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme to bilirubin, ferritin and carbon monoxide （ CO）. VSMC-derived CO can suppress VSMC proliferation and may serve as an antiproliferation factor. The promoter region of hO-1 shows a polymorphism with different （GT）n repeats that has been reported to differently induce gene expression. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of this variation on the occurrence of restenosis after in-stent treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Candidates who underwent coronary stent implantation were genotyped for the hO-1 promoter polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and automated DNA capillary sequencer. Serum levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein （CRP） were obtained at baseline, 24 hours and 48 hours after stenting. The primary end point for the study was angiographic evidence of in-stent restenosis at 6 months. All parameters for evaluation of restenosis were analysed by quantitatve computer-assisted angiographic analysis （QCA）. Results One hundred and eighty-seven patients who underwent coronary stent implantation were studied of whom 27.8% showed 〉150% restenosis after 6 months. The distribution of （GT）n repeats of all patients in the promoter region of hO-1 genotype ranged from 22 to 42, with （GT） 25 and （GT） 32 being the two most common alleles. The allelic repeats were divided into the short class （S） with 29 （ GT）., the middle class （M） with 30- 37 （GT）n and the long class （L） with 38 （GT）n. There was no significant difference in the restenosis between the genotype groups or between post operation levels of inflammation markers, but carriers of the S allele （ n = 120） had 33.3% lower baseline IL-6 compared with non-S carriers （n =67, P =0. 0008）. Conclusions Although no association was observed between the hO-1 promoter polymorphism and coronary in-stent restenosis following the stent procedure, the

关键词： heme oxygenase·polymorphism·interleukin-6·C- reactive protein·restenosis

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