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Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Conventional Radiography: A Pilot Study in Dakar, Senegal

World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2022年第1期12卷 28-42页

作者： Adji Yaram Diop Magatte Diagne Ndeye arame Boye faye Mamadou Moustapha Dieng Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Joliot Curie Institute of Cancer Dakar Senegal Nuclear Radiation Protection and Safety Authority Dakar Senegal

Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are indicators that allow assessing the quality of equipment and procedures from the point of view of the doses delivered to patients and subsequently initiate corrective actions if necessary. The purpose of this study is to encourage health professionals to investigate patient radiation doses and to determine whether those doses comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical fields so as to improve practices by reducing patient exposure without reducing clinical effectiveness. To perform this work, we have investigated patient doses for different radiological examinations from six (6) medical centers in Dakar, including the following nine routine types: chest (PA), abdomen (AP), pelvis (AP), cervical spine (AP), lumbar spine (AP, Lat), hip (AP), thoracic spine (AP, Lat). Three types of data were collected, i.e., X-ray tube machine data, patient data and output measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and the median, minimum, maximum, and third quartile values were calculated and displayed throughout boxplots graphs for all exams and medical centers. The two sigma range (95% confidence interval) was also checked. Comparison of third quartiles of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Dose Area Product (DAP) by type of examination with recommended international DRLs was performed. The third quartile of ESD for pelvis (AP) and thoracic spine (AP) was up to 16% and 38% higher, respectively than their corresponding DRLs in the European Commission Report RP 180 Part 2. For all exams, except thoracic spine (lat), the third quartiles of the dose area product were higher than the corresponding DRLs in the above report. The source of dose variability between medical centers was related to many parameters such as poor radiographic techniques, lack of modern X-ray machines and adequately documented radiation protection practices. The results show the need to develop protocols for dose measurement as well as to carry

关键词： Entrance Surface Dose Diagnostic Radiology Dose Area Product Optimization X-Rays

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Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Center in Dakar

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 514-521页

作者： Guillaye Diagne Khadim Bop Sofiatou Dieye arame faye Fatou Ly Amadou Lamine Fall Pediatrics Ward of Pikine Hospital Pikine Senegal Pé diatrics Ward of Albert Royer National Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Infantile spinal muscular atrophy (ISA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by primary degeneration of cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and hypotonia. Its incidence is estimated at 1 in 6000 births worldwide. In Africa, particularly in Senegal, there are few studies interested on this pathology. We therefore deemed this study necessary, which set itself the objective of describing the diagnostic, therapeutic and progressive aspects of infantile spinal muscular atrophy at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Center in Dakar (CHNEAR). Methodology: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a period of two (2) years from December 2020 to December 2022. Included were all hospitalized patients in whom the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy was made with or without genetic confirmation. The data were collected on a pre-established form then entered and analyzed with the following software: Excel 2013 and R version 4.1.3. Results: During our study period, 2100 children were hospitalized, the annual incidence was 0.76%. The average age of our patients was 9 ± 9 months with a range of 3 months to 32 months and the median was 6.5 months. The sex ratio was 7. The notion of family consanguinity was found in 62.5% of cases and the notion of ISA in the family in 25% of cases. Hypotonia and respiratory distress were found at the forefront in equal proportions (50% of cases). Electromyogram (EMG) was performed in 3 patients (37.5%). Symptomatic medical treatment was administered in 100% of patients, 04 patients had benefited from respiratory physiotherapy, i.e. 50% of cases, and genetic counseling was carried out in one patient (12.5%). The evolution was immediately favorable in 2 patients or 25% of cases, unfavorable in 75% of cases with a death rate of 50% and the average age of death was 5.5 months ± 1 with extremes ranging from 3 to 7 months. Conclusion: The number of Infantile spinal muscular atrop

关键词： Spinal Muscular Atrophy Child Hypotonia Dakar

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Velocity profiles and incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第1期25卷 39-51页

作者： faye KROL University of Northern British Columbia

A series of experiments for the incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover have been carried out in laboratory under different flow and boundary *** on flow velocities across the measuring cross-section at different water depths have been *** on these experiments under both ice-covered and open flow conditions,the impacts of solid boundary(such as ice cover and flume sidewall) on the distribution of flow velocity profiles have been *** criteria for the incipient motion of frazil particles under both smooth covered and rough covered conditions have been *** influence of the roughness of ice cover has been *** relation between shear Reynolds number and dimensionless shear stress for incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover have been established compared with the incipient motion of sediment particles under ice covered condition.A diagram describing the relationship between critical shear Reynolds number and dimensionless shear stress for incipient motion of frazil particle under both smooth covered and rough covered conditions has been ***,it is found that the steeper the slope of ice cover is,the greater the critical shear stress for incipient motion of frazil particles ***,the steeper the riverbed slope,the less the critical shear stress for incipient motion of river sediment.

关键词： Frazil particle Ice cover Incipient motion Sediment Shear Reynolds number Shields shear stress Velocity profile

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Venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第12期26卷 1231-1241页

作者： Kimberly Cheng Adam S faye Department of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical CenterNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY 10032United States

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are at an increased risk for venous thromboembolism(VTE).VTE events carry significant morbidity and mortality,and have been associated with worse outcomes in patients with *** have suggested that the hypercoagulable nature of the disease stems from a complex interplay of systems that include the coagulation cascade,natural coagulation inhibitors,fibrinolytic system,endothelium,immune system,and ***,clinical factors that increase the likelihood of a VTE event among IBD patients include older age(though some studies suggest younger patients have a higher relative risk of VTE,the incidence in this population is much lower as compared to the older IBD patient population),pregnancy,active disease,more extensive disease,hospitalization,the use of certain medications such as corticosteroids or tofacitinb,and IBD-related *** the increased risk of VTE among IBD patients and the safety of pharmacologic prophylaxis,adherence rates among hospitalized IBD patients appear to be ***,recent data suggests that there is a population of high risk IBD patients who may benefit from post-discharge *** review will provide an overview of patient specific factors that affect VTE risk,elucidate reasons for lack of VTE prophylaxis among hospitalized IBD patients,and focus on recent data describing those at highest risk for recurrent VTE post-hospital discharge.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Venous thromboembolism Prophylaxis Deep venous thrombosis Pulmonary embolism Ulcerative colitis

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Dimensional heterojunction design:The rising star of 2D bismuthbased nanostructured photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4310-4364页

作者： Joel Jie Foo Sue-faye Ng Wee-Jun Ong School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy&Catalysis Technology(CONNECT) Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057China

With the fast-pace digitalization evolution in the current generation’s lifestyle and the industry revolution,the energy demand has been ***,the two-dimensional(2D)bismuth-based nanomaterials emerged as a promising photocatalyst candidate in solar fuel conversion,not only for its exceptional light absorption capability and tunable optical properties,but it also can be synthesized into diverse variety of nanomaterials with different ranges of potential gap and band position to fulfill the potential requirement of wide range of photocatalytic ***,the weak light harvesting ability and ultrafast charge recombination has restricted its potential in commercial ***,recent researches have been focusing on tackling these issues by incorporating some modification strategies such as heteroatom doping,vacancy engineering,facet engineering,bismuth rich strategy and heterojunction ***,this review article presents the state-of-the-art modifications on 2D bismuth-based parent material,specifically on the relationship between each of the modification strategy on the electronic properties and surface chemistry in achieving boosted photocatalytic *** the view of the unique charge interaction between two semiconductors with different dimensions,we systematically discuss the rational heterostructure design from the dimensionality perspective,namely,point-to-face,line-to-face,face-to-face,and bulk-to-face in solar fuel conversion to provide inspiring insights for future interface ***,the challenges and the future research outlook in the solar-to-fuel conversion are highlighted to push forward the design of high-performance bismuth-based photocatalyst in realizing commercialscale solar-to-fuel conversion.

关键词： 2D heterojunction 2D nanomaterial CO_(2)reduction water splitting N2 fixation Z-scheme

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Impacts of ice cover on local scour around semi-circular bridge abutment

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第1期26卷 10-18页

作者： WU Peng HIRSHFIELD faye SUI Jueyi 王军陈胖胖 Environmental Engineering University of Northern British Columbia School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of Technology

The presence of ice cover in winter can significantly change the flow field around bridge abutments, which can also cause a different local scour pattern. To investigate the impacts of ice cover, results from a recent flume experiments were presented. Smooth and rough ice covers were created to investigate the impacts of ice cover roughness on the scour geometry around the semi-circular abutment. Three bed materials were used, with 50D s of 0.58 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.47 mm respectively. Scour volume and scour area were calculated. It was found that the maximum scour depth was located 75o inclined to the flume wall. Under rough ice cover, the scour area and scour depth were the largest. An empirical equation on the maximum scour depth was also developed.

关键词： ice cover local scour semi-circular abutment maximum scour depth scour pattern

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Changes in runoff and sediment load from major Chinese rivers to the Pacific Ocean over the period 1955-2010

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 486-495页

作者： Cheng LIU Jueyi SUI Yun HE faye HIRSHFIELD International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research University of Northern British Columbia

Changes in runoff and sediment loads to the Pacific Ocean from 10 major Chinese rivers are presented in this *** quantitatively assess trends in runoff and sediment loads,a parameter called the "Trend Ratio 7"" has been defined in this *** summarize total runoff and sediment load from these rivers,data from 17 gauging stations for the duration 1955 to 2010 has been standardized,and the missing data have been interpolated by different approaches according to specific *** the observed 56-year study period,there is a quite stable change in total *** show that the mean annual runoff flux entering the Pacific Ocean from these rivers is approximately 1,425billion cubic *** is found that all northern rivers within semi-arid and transitional zones including the Songhua,Liaohe,Haihe,Yellow and Huaihe rivers present declining trends in water *** runoff in all southern rivers within humid zones including the Yangtze,Qiantang,Minjiang,Pearl and Lancang rivers docs not change much,except for the Qiantang River whose annual runoff slightly *** annual sediment loads of all rivers show significant declining trends;the exceptions are the Songhua and Lancang rivers whose annual sediment loads have increasing ***,the mean annual sediment flux carried into the Pacific Ocean decreased from 2,026million tonnes to 499 million tonnes over the 56-ycar *** this time there were 4 distinct decreasing *** decrease in annual sediment flux is due to the integrated effects of human activity and climate *** reduction in sediment flux makes it easy for reservoir operation;however,the decrease in sediment flux also creates problems,such as channel erosion,river bank collapse and the retreat of the delta area.

关键词： Runoff Sediment load Pacific Ocean Yellow River Yangtze River

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Local scour around bridge abutments under ice covered condition-an experimental study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第1期30卷 39-47页

作者： Peng WU faye HIRSHFIELD Jue-yi SUI Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia

The local scour around bridge abutments has been an active research topic for many *** very few studies have been conducted regarding the impacts of ice cover on the local scour phenomenon around bridge abutments.A series of ice covered flume experiments were conducted in this *** shape factors of different abutment types in the local scour were *** ice cover,the shape factor for semi-circular abutments ranges from 0.66～*** different non-uniform sediments were used with D50s of 0.58 mm,0.50 mm,and0.47 mm *** types of ice cover,namely smooth and rough cover,were created to simulate the impacts of ice cover around the *** scour depth was analyzed under different *** contours of the scour holes were plotted to show the bed morphology and sediment deposition around bridge *** empirical relationship between maximum scour depth,densimetric Froude number and sediment size was developed.

关键词： Bridge abutment Ice cover Local scour Maximum scour depth

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Effects of Chemical Treatment on the Physical Properties of Typha

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1409-1418页

作者： Ibrahima Diaw Mactar faye Seckou Bodian Vincent Sambou Efficiency and Energetic Systems Research Group Alioune Diop UniversityBambeyBP 30Senegal Laboratoire Eau EnergieEnvironnement et Procédés Industriels(LE3PI)Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar-FannBP 5085Senegal

Plant-based concretes are produced from plant aggregates and a *** fibers are mainly composed of saccharides(sugars)and these sugars can decrease the concentration of Ca2+ions in the cement pore solution and delay the formation of hydration *** improve the interfacial bond between fibers and matrix a chemical treatment is widely *** study investigates the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on physical and hygroscopic properties of Typha *** particular,a 5%sodium hydroxide solution is used to treat these aggregates and their bulk and absolute densities,porosity,water content and water absorption are evaluated *** indicate that bulk and absolute densities increase after treatment from 56.44 kg/m^(3) to 122.57 kg/m^(3) and 541.93 kg/m^(3) to 555.17 kg/m^(3),*** treatment reduces porosity of Typha from 89.58%to 77.92%and decreases water content from 1.4%to 1%.The treatment with sodium hydroxide reduces substantially the water absorption of the aggregates.

关键词： Sodium hydroxide treatment typha aggregates hygroscopic properties physical properties

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What Impact on Phenotype for Patients with Karyotype 46, XX DSD SRY Positive at CHU Dantec in Senegal: About 5 Cases?

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Open Journal of Genetics 2023年第2期13卷 83-96页

作者： Fatou Diop Gueye arame Ndiaye Adji Dieynaba Diallo Mame Venus Gueye Ndiaga Diop Macoura Gadji Oumar faye Mama Sy Diallo Cytogenetics Unit Laboratory of Clinical Cytology-Cytogenetics-Biology of Reproduction and Human Development Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Doctoral School of Life Health and Environmental Sciences ED-SEV Human Biology and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Histology-Embryology Laboratory Department of Biology and Functional Explorations Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Appliquées Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Background: In disorders of sexual differentiation, sexual development may not conform to the chromosomal structure, thus forming different types of abnormalities. Among these abnormalities is syndrome 46, XX DSD where most patients are female phenotype with clitoral hypertrophy that can go to complete masculinization especially in the presence of the SRY gene. Objective: The goal of this work is to demonstrate a relationship between the genotype and the phenotype in five patients karyotype 46, XX with the presence of the SRY gene. Methodology: The study involves five patients referred to the laboratory under suspicion of sexual development anomalies. The diagnosis took place through hormonal and echography examinations, a classic cytogenetic study (Barr chromatin and karyotype) and an amplification of the SRY gene located on the Y chromosome. The resulting PCR products were sent for sequencing. Results: Based on the results of clinical and paraclinical tests carried out it was found clitoral hypertrophy, the presence of clitoris penis for some, presence of normal penis for others. In addition, echography revealed a lack of female internal genitalia (P2, P3), and a presence of testicles (P3, P4, P5). Genetic analysis (chromosomal and molecular) showed a karyotype 46, XX SRY (+) for all patients. New mutations were found c.246 T > A, p.82 Asn82Lys and c.171 G > C, p.57 Gln57His. Conclusion: In our study, we were able to correlate each DSD with karyotype 46, XX to a pathology such as 46, XX DSD testicular, 46, XX DSD with clitoral hypertrophy and ovotestis 46, XX. The next step will undoubtedly be the integration of other molecular techniques (genotyping, FISH, CGH or even the CGH array) to further genetic exploration.

关键词： 46 XX DSD SRY Phenotype Hypertrophy

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