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Novel approaches in schizophrenia-from risk factors and hypotheses to novel drug targets

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第7期11卷 277-296页

作者： MatejĽupták Danica Michaličková Zdeněk Fišar Eva Kitzlerová Jana Hroudová Institute of Pharmacology First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PraguePrague 12800Czech Republic Department of Psychiatry First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PraguePrague 12000Czech Republic

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by emotional,behavioral and cognitive disturbances, and the treatment of schizophrenia is oftencomplicated by noncompliance and pharmacoresistance. The search for thepathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia has resulted in theproposal of several hypotheses to explain the impacts of environmental, genetic,neurodevelopmental, immune and inflammatory factors on disease onset andprogression. This review discusses the newest insights into the pathophysiologyof and risk factors for schizophrenia and notes novel approaches in antipsychotictreatment and potential diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers. The currenthypotheses focusing on neuromediators (dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin),neuroinflammation, the cannabinoid hypothesis, the gut-brain axis model, andoxidative stress are summarized. Key genetic features, including small nucleotidepolymorphisms, copy number variations, microdeletions, mutations andepigenetic changes, are highlighted. Current pharmacotherapy of schizophreniarelies mostly on dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonists/partial agonists, butnew findings in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have allowed theexpansion of novel approaches in pharmacotherapy and the establishment ofmore reliable biomarkers. Substances with promising results in preclinical andclinical studies include lumateperone, pimavanserin, xanomeline, roluperidone,agonists of trace amine-associated receptor 1, inhibitors of glycine transporters,AMPA allosteric modulators, mgLUR2-3 agonists, D-amino acid oxidase inhibitorsand cannabidiol. The use of anti-inflammatory agents as an add-on therapy ismentioned.

关键词： Schizophrenia Immune system Inflammation genetics Novel antipsychotics Add-on therapy

Evaluation of the Forest Reclamation of the Anthroposoil Dump at the Bilina Mines Created from Marlstone

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第12期8卷 360-367页

作者： Petr vráblík Michal Rehor Pavel Schmidt Jaroslava vráblíková Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of EnvironmentJ.E.Purkyne University in Usti nad LabemUsti nad LabemCzech Republic Research Institute for Brown Coal in Most MostCzech Republic

When reclaiming the surface of the Radovesická dump in the North Bohemian brown coal basin, the most commonly used marls and marlstones are extracted in the foreland of filled-in territory. The most frequent reclamations are the formation of overgrown and humus anthroposoil. The soil properties of the anthroposoils for forestry purposes and the growth vitality of a broader assortment of woody plants in the age of 12 - 14 years are evaluated. It has been found that the very good growth vitality on these anthroposoils is shown by most of the trees of domestic origin (Populus nigra L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Pinus sylvestris L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) gaertn., Fraxinus excelsior L., Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Mill.), including some of the tree species introduced (Larix decidua L., Pinus nigra arn.) and reclamations of atypical atrophic soil horizons did not negatively affect their development.

关键词： Anthroposoil Landfill Forest Reclamation Marlstone Loamy Clay Soil Properties growth Vitality

Permanent grasslands in an Anthropogenically Burdened Region,and Their Contribution to Sustainable Development

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 816-824页

作者： Jaroslava vráblíková Petr vráblík Eliska Wildova Miloslav Soch Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of EnvironmentJ.E.Purkyne University in Usti nad LabemUsti nad LabemCzech Republic Faculty of Agriculture University of South Bohemia in Ceske BudejoviceCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic

The landscape of the northern part of the Czech Republic (the Chomutov, Most, Teplice and ústí nad Labem districts) has long been burdened by the surface mining of brown coal. Within the reclamation and restoration processes, the anthropogenic formations which were created have been successfully integrated into the surrounding landscape. One of the important regional elements which have been utilized during the regeneration is permanent grasslands (PgL). They are of considerable importance not only for cattle grazing, but also for the preservation of the region’s biodiversity and protection of the soil. The contribution deals with the production and non-production functions of permanent grasslands in the landscape, and their significance within the scope of the permanently sustainable development of an anthropogenically burdened region. Permanent grasslands are part of the agricultural landscape, but their significance is multifunctional, because they not only provide an environment for cattle grazing, but also protect soil, the nutrient cycle and the microclimate, and preserve biodiversity. At the same time, the article analyzes in detail the development of this vegetation in the area of interest-Northern Bohemia. During the period of the greatest mining boom (1967-1990), its rapid decrease-by as much as 4500 ha-was recorded in some areas. Since the year 1990, there has been a significant growth in the most damaged areas. At present, the development of PgLs has stabilized.

关键词： Soil land Use Agricultural Land Permanent grasslands Sustainable Development Northern Bohemia

Changes in Physical and Chemical Soil Characteristics as a Result of Subsurface Tile Drainage

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第12期7卷 367-377页

作者： Jan Vopravil Tomás Khel Petr vráblík Jaroslava vráblíková Department of Soil Science Research Institute for Soil and Water ConservationZabovreskaCzech Republic Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of EnvironmentJ.E.Purkyne University in Ustínad LabemKralovavysinaUstínad LabemCzech Republic

This project defined changes in soil properties after construction of subsurface tile drainage. We compared the physical and chemical properties of soil samples taken before construction of drainage and new soil samples taken from identical sites at present. The research was made for Stagnic Cambisols (Dystric) and Haplic Stagnosols. The pH value and saturation of the topsoil sorption complex of both soil types statistically increased and simultaneously the cation exchange capacity (CEC) decreased. In the topsoil of Stagnosols, the effective cation exchange capacity and porosity also decreased, and at the same time the particle density and bulk density increased. Soil organic matter and minimum air capacity increased in the topsoil of Cambisols. Porosity and minimum air capacity increased in both soils in the subsoil. In the Cambisol subsoil, the CEC and bulk density decreased. We can assume that after drainage Stagnosols are susceptible to soil compaction, especially in topsoil.

关键词： Soil Drainage Soil Characteristics Land Use Change

The Impact of Deforestation on the Quality of Drainage Water in the Zelezna Model area

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第9期8卷 240-259页

作者： Jan Vopravil Petr vráblík Tomás Khel Jaroslava vráblíková Department of Soil Science Research Institute for Soil and Water ConservationPragueCzech Republic Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of EnvironmentJ.E.Purkyne University in Usti nad LabemUsti nad LabemCzech Republic

The article is focused on the changes in soil characteristics caused by the drainage of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. The basis of the research was to compare current state with the state before drainage using available historical data. To resolve the subject of the research, two smaller study areas with different soil uses were chosen. The Haklovy Dvory area is an arable land that is intensively used. The other area is used mainly for grazing (extensively) and it is called ?elezná study area. In many cases, historical data regarding the quality of surface water and groundwater (well water) in the two areas is readily available;therefore, the same approach was taken for monitoring the current quality of drainage water. Several chemical indicators were measured in the water: pH, alkalinity-acidity, overall hardness, concentration of selected cations (magnesium, calcium, potassium, ammonia), concentration of bicarbonates, nitrates, nitrites, sulphates, phosphates, chlorides and the electrical conductivity of the water. During the entire course of the monitoring, no serious water pollution was found in ?elezná study area (with the exception of one sample point). In case of the intensively managed Haklovy Dvory study area, a significant pollution in all drainage water samples was confirmed. We can safely formulate a hypothesis that the drainage water quality is related to the type of agriculture procedure practiced on the land. Mainly the intensive type of agriculture, because of the use of fertilizers, has a negative impact on drainage water quality, and subsequently on the quality of surface watercourses.

关键词： Water Quality Drainage Land Use Soil

Sorbent Mineralogy in the Most Basin and Their Utilization for Reclamation Works

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Open Journal of geology 2017年第12期7卷 1767-1773页

作者： Michal Rehor Petr vráblík Jaroslava vráblíková Lukás Zizka Research Institute for Brown Coal in Most MostCzech Republic Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of EnvironmentJ.E.Purkyne University in Usti nad LabemUsti nad LabemCzech Republic

The contribution is focused on the relation between sorptive efficiency, mineral structure, and reclamation extraction of clay sorbents originating from the Most Basin. Clay sorbents are an important accessory raw material that occurs on several localities in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin, which are briefly described in the first part of the paper. The results from clay sorbents were obtained by mineralogy survey based on a diffract analysis with a D 5000 Siemens X-ray diffractometer. Localities, where zeolites and montmorillonites were found, are the main subjects of the research. The results show that parameters of clay sorbents mined in these localities are suitable for reclamation works. A successful reclamation with the use of bentonites is demonstrated on Strimice dump.

关键词： Sorption Bentonite geology Restoration

Clay Sorbents in the area of the Most and Sokolov Basins as a Possible Use in Agriculture Reclamations

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1621-1628页

作者： Petr vráblík Michal Rehor Pavel Schmidt Jaroslava vráblíková Eliska Wildová Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of Environment J. E. Purkyně University in ústí nad Labem ústí nad Labem Czech Republic Research Institute for Brown Coal in Most Most Czech Republic

This paper is devoted to the possibilities of the reclamation use of claystone sorbents of the Most and Sokolov basins. The properties of phytotoxic areas suitable for the application of sorbents, the locality, and parameters of the main clay sorbents of both brown coal basins are briefly summarized in the paper. Clay sorbents are suitable for the reclamation of phytotoxic surfaces contaminated by coal. This paper provides a brief evaluation of the properties of the claystone sorbents of the North Bohemian and Sokolov basins. In the region of the North Bohemian brown coal basin, potential sorbents can be used for the reclamation works.

关键词： Sorbents Pedological Parameters Reclamation Contamination

Microbiotechnological Stimulation of the Root Systems of Woody Plants within the Scope of the Revitalization of Mining Works

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1529-1537页

作者： Miloslav Soch Bohuslav Vostoupal Jaroslava vráblíková Petr vráblík Jana St'astná Faculty of Agriculture University of South Bohemia in &Ccaron eské Budějovice &Ccaron eské Budějovice Czech Republic Faculty of Environmental Science Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in ústí nad Labem ústí nad Labem Czech Republic

In general, the conditions for the growth of vegetation in former mining works are unfavorable, particularly in locations where the rooting process or inadequate functional contact by the root system with underground water, creates vegetative problems. For the process of the revitalization of the disrupted areas to be successful, the correct rooting of woody plants is essential for starting the development of the vegetation, and directing it towards greater biodiversity. The addition of bio alginates, whose basic raw component is selected seaweed, to the soil ensures the stimulation of the root system, thereby significantly increasing the likelihood of the plants surviving. The article monitors, in detail, the effect of the application of these bio alginates, and the subsequent response of the plants in growth patterns.

关键词： Bioalginates Soil Root System Abandoned Mining Works Reclamation

Fine mapping and identification of candidate genes for the peach powdery mildew resistance gene vr3

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 343-351页

作者： Neus Marimon Jordi Luque Pere arús Iban Eduardo Centre for Research in Agricultural genomics(CRAg)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain IRTA(Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries) BarcelonaSpain Plant Pathology IRTA CabrilsCarretera de Cabrils km 208348 CabrilsSpain

Powdery mildew is one of the major diseases of peach(Prunus persica),caused by the ascomycete Podosphaera ***,it is controlled through calendar-based fungicide treatments starting at petal fall,but an alternative is to develop resistant peach *** studies mapped a resistance gene(vr3)in interspecific populations between almond(‘Texas’)and peach(‘Earlygold’).To obtain molecular markers highly linked to vr3 and to reduce the number of candidate genes,we fine-mapped vr3 to a genomic region of 270 kb with 27 annotated *** find evidence supporting one of these positional candidate genes as being responsible of vr3,we analyzed the polymorphisms of the resequences of both parents and used near-isogenic lines(NILs)for expression analysis of the positional candidate genes in symptomatic or asymptomatic *** differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible individuals were annotated as a Disease Resistance Protein RgA2(Prupe2g111700)or an Eceriferum 1 protein involved in epicuticular wax biosynthesis(Prupe2g112800).Only Prupe2g111700 contained a variant predicted to have a disruptive effect on the encoded protein,and was overexpressed in both heterozygous and homozygous individuals containing the vr3 almond allele,compared with susceptible *** information was also useful to identify and validate molecular markers tightly linked and flanking *** addition,the NILs used in this work will facilitate the introgression of this gene into peach elite materials,alone or pyramided with other known resistance genes such as peach powdery mildew resistance gene vr2.

关键词： resistance peach mapping