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Quantifying the early snowmelt event of 2015 in the Cascade Mountains,USA by developing and validating MODIS-based snowmelt timing maps

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 693-710页

作者： Donal O'LEARY III Dorothy HALL Michael MEDLER aquila flower University of Maryland Department of Geographical SciencesCollege ParkMD 20740USA Westem Washington University Department of Environmental StudiesBellinghamWA 98225USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA

Spring snowmelt serves as the major hydrological contribution to many watersheds of the US West. Since the 1970s the conterminous western USA has seen an earlier arrival of spring snowmelt. The extremely low snowpack and early melt of 2015 in the Cascade Mountains may be a harbinger of winters to come, underscoring the interest in advancements in spring snowmelt monitoring. Target-of-opportunity and point measurements of snowmelt using meteorological stations or stream gauges are common sources of these data, however, there have been few attempts to identify snowmelt timing using remote sensing. In this study, we describe the creation of snowmelt timing maps (STMs) which identify the day of year that each pixel of a remotely sensed image transitions from “snow-covered” to “no snow” during the spring melt season, controlling for cloud coverage and ephemeral spring snow storms. Derived from the 500 m MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) standard snow map, MOD10A2, this new dataset provides annual maps of snowmelt timing, with corresponding maps of cloud interference and interannual variability in snow coverage from 2001–2015. We first show that the STMs agree strongly with in-situ snow telemetry (SNOTEL) meteorological station measurements in terms of snowmelt timing. We then use the STMs to investigate the early snowmelt event of 2015 in the Cascade Mountains, USA, highlighting the protected areas of Mt. Rainier, Crater Lake, and Lassen Volcanic National Parks. In 2015 the Cascade Mountains experienced snowmelt 41 days earlier than the 2001–2015 average, with 25% of its land area melting>65 days earlier than average. The upper elevations of the Cascade Mountains experienced the greatest snowmelt anomaly. Our results are relevant to land managers and biologists as they plan adaptation strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change throughout temperate mountains.

关键词： Cascade Mountains snowmelt spring phenology MODIS remote sensing

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Achievements,challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第8期16卷 285-288页

作者： Hong Yang Xianjin Huang Jianlin Hu Julian R.Thompson Roger J.flower Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66ABUK School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control(AEMPC)School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK

China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by ***’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action,which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 ***’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3°C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air *** with domestic benefits,China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a“game-changer”for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions,particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)*** order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060,it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China,including energy,industry,transportation,construction,and ***,this transition will be very challenging,because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are *** policies and implementation plans are essential,including sustainable demand,decarbonizing electricity,electrification,fuel switching,and negative *** particular,if China can peak carbon emissions earlier,it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time ***’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties(COP26)are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate ***,countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Carbon peak Renewable energy Negative emission Carbon capture Utilisation and storage Nature-based solution

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Machine learning-based spectral and spatial analysis of hyper-and multi-spectral leaf images for Dutch elm disease detection and resistance screening

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 26-34页

作者： Xing Wei Jinnuo Zhang Anna O.Conrad Charles E.flower Cornelia C.Pinchot Nancy Hayes-Plazolles Ziling Chen Zhihang Song Songlin Fei Jian Jin Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationHardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration CenterWest LafayetteIN 47906United States USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationDelawareOH 43015United States Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States

Diseases caused by invasive pathogens are an increasing threat to forest health,and early and accurate disease detection is essential for timely and precision forest *** recent technological advancements in spectral imaging and artificial intelligence have opened up new possibilities for plant disease detection in both crops and *** this study,Dutch elm disease(DED;caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi,)and American elm(Ulmus americana)was used as example pathosystem to evaluate the accuracy of two in-house developed high-precision portable hyper-and multi-spectral leaf imagers combined with machine learning as new tools for forest disease ***-and multi-spectral images were collected from leaves of American elm geno-types with varied disease susceptibilities after mock-inoculation and inoculation with ***-ulmi under green-house *** traditional machine learning and state-of-art deep learning models were built upon derived spectra and directly upon spectral image *** learning models that incorporate both spectral and spatial features of high-resolution spectral leaf images have better performance than traditional machine learning models built upon spectral features alone in detecting *** and symptomatic spots on the leaves were highlighted in the deep learning model as important spatial features to distinguish leaves from inoculated and mock-inoculated *** addition,spectral and spatial feature patterns identified in the machine learning-based models were found relative to the DED susceptibility of elm *** further studies are needed to assess applications in other pathosystems,hyper-and multi-spectral leaf imagers combined with machine learning show potential as new tools for disease phenotyping in trees.

关键词： American elm Dutch elm disease Hyperspectral imaging Multispectral imaging Support vector machine Convolution neural network Disease phenotyping Digital forestry

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甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩火山作用及其构造含义

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岩石学报 2001年第3期17卷 366-377页

作者：喻学惠莫宣学 Martin flower 苏尚国赵欣中国地质大学北京100083 DepartmentofEarthandEnvironmentsciences UniversityofIllinoisatChicago

钾霞橄黄长岩是一种产于大洋和 /或大陆环境 ,尤以大陆裂谷最为多见的超钾质火山岩 ,也是世界上出露最少的火成岩之一 ,目前世界只有少数几个国家和地区有这类岩石的报道。甘肃西秦岭新生代火山岩是我国目前唯一有报道的钾霞橄黄长岩产... 详细信息

钾霞橄黄长岩是一种产于大洋和 /或大陆环境 ,尤以大陆裂谷最为多见的超钾质火山岩 ,也是世界上出露最少的火成岩之一 ,目前世界只有少数几个国家和地区有这类岩石的报道。甘肃西秦岭新生代火山岩是我国目前唯一有报道的钾霞橄黄长岩产区。本文详细介绍了西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩及深源包体的岩石学特征 ,提供了该区 13个岩体 30个具代表性的全岩化学和主要矿物的化学成分分析结果 ,6个具代表性的Sr,Nd,Pb同位素分析结果 ,以及 2个火山岩全岩 Ar/ Ar同位素定年结果。研究表明西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩主要是中新世火山作用的产物。火山岩的化学成分贫 Si O2 和 Al2 O3,富 Mg O,Ca O,Ti O2 和 (K2 O+Na2 O) ,以及具有高的 [Mg O]值 (平均大于 6 8)和 Ni O含量 (平均在 0 .3%以上 )。火山岩中含有丰富的深源包体 ,岩石的结晶程度很差。所有这些表明西秦岭存在原生钾霞橄黄长岩浆。而且本区钾霞橄黄长岩与碳酸岩密切共生 ,显示了典型的大陆区钾霞橄黄长岩的特征。火山岩的Σ REE在 36 5× 10 - 6 ～ 6 4 9× 10 - 6 之间 ,其中轻稀土总量 (Σ L REE)达 319× 10 - 6 ～ 5 6 9× 10 - 6 ,尤以强烈富集大离子轻石元素 (K、 Rb、 Sr、 Ba)和相对亏损高场强元素 (Nb、 Ta等 )为特征。火山岩具有相对高的 1

关键词：新生代钾霞橄黄长岩火山作用构造含义西秦岭甘肃超钾质火山岩

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Subduction-Modified Subcontinental Mantle in South China: Trace Element and Isotope Evidence in Basalts from Hainan Island

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 1996年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者：张明涂勘解广轰 MARTINF.J.flower Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou P.R.C.

Cenozoc lavas from Hainan Island, bouth China, comprise quartz tholeiite. olivinethoeiite, alkali basalt, and basanite and form a continuous, thoeiite-dominated, comopitionalspectrum. Highly incompatible elements and their relationships with isotope in these lavas areshown to be useful in evaluating mantle-source composition, whereas modeling suggests that ra-tios of elements with bulk partition coefficients significantly larger than those of Nb and Ta maybe sensitive to patial melting. Th/Ta and La/Nb ratios of alkali basalts are lower than those ofthoeiites, and they are all fower than tbe of the primitive mantle. These ratios correlate posi-tively with 207Pb/204Pb and 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Such relatioships can be explained by mixing ofdepleted and enriched source componentS. A depleted component is indicated by alkali basaltcompositions and is similar to some depleted OIB (PREMA). The enriched component, similarto sediment compositios, is indicated by tholeiites with high LILE/HFSE, 207Pb/204Pb, and87/86Sr *** general, basalts from Hainan and the South China Basin (SCB) share common geo-chemical charcters, e.g. high Rb/Sr, Th/Ta, 207Pb/206Pb, and low Ba/Th ratios. Such ageochemical trend is comparable to that of EMII-type OIB and best explained as the result ofsubduction. Occurrence of these charcteristics in both continennd Hainan basalts and SCBseamount basalts indicates the presence of a South China geochemical domain that exists in themantle region below the lithosphere.

关键词：海南岛玄武岩华南地区示踪元素同位素

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LEAD ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF CENOZOIC BASALTS FROM EASTERN CHINA:GEOGRAPHICAL CONTROL AND GENETIC SIGNIFICANCE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第24期34卷 2055-2060页

作者：解广轰涂勘王俊文张明 MARTIN F.J.flower Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guiyang 550002 PRC. Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60680 USA Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guiyang 550002 PRC.Department of Geological Sciences University of Illinois Chicago Illinois 60680 USA

Cenozoic basalts, widespread in eastern China constitute an important part of the volcanic belt at Circum-Pacific continental margins. In recent years, one of the major objectives of isotope geochemical studies of basalts is to explore spatial relationships between magmatic sources and tectonic settings. In this note, we report new Pb isotopic results for basalts from Wudalianchi, Changbaishan, Kuandian, Hannuaba, Datong, Hainan and the South

关键词： Pb isotope basalt mantle source.

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Improving <i>in Silico</i>Prediction of Epitope Vaccine Candidates by Union and Intersection of Single Predictors

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World Journal of Vaccines 2011年第2期1卷 15-22页

作者： Ivan Dimitrov Darren R. flower Irini Doytchinova Life and Health Sciences Aston University United Kingdom School of Pharmacy Medical University of Sofia Bulgaria

The in silico prediction of peptide binding affinities to MHC proteins is a very important first step in the process of epi-tope-based vaccine design and development. Five MHC class II binding prediction servers were combined in different ways and the resulting performance of these combinations was evaluated using a test set, which consisted of 4540 known HLA-DRB1 binders. The five servers were: NetMHCIIpan, NetMHCII, ProPred, RANKPEP, and EpiTOP. The top 5% of the ranked predictions from each server were combined using union and intersection operators. The outputs were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The union operator showed high sensitivity (65-79%) and low PPVs (6-8%), while intersection outputs had low sensitivities (4-41%) yet significantly higher PPVs (14-31%). Thus there is a defining trade-off between sensitivity and PPV for each combination. The union of outputs from different servers brings more “noise” than “signal” to the resulting set of predicted binders. Conversely, selecting only commonly predicted binders increases the probability that an identified binder is a true binder.

关键词： MHC Class II Binders T-cell Epitopes HLA-DRB1 Alelles

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球宿花开美丽中国

球宿花开美丽中国

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第十二届中国球宿根花卉研讨会

作者： Chinese Society of flower Bulbs and Herbaceous Perennials 中国园艺学会球宿根花卉分会

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Evidence base of randomized controlled trials and guideline recommendations of patent Traditional Chinese Medicines for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections in adults

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第4期38卷 490-503页

作者： Xia Ruyu Hu Xiaoyang Wang Di Wang Ying Merlin Willcox Liu Jianping Michael Moore Andrew flower Li Xun Lily Lai Hu Ruixue Wen Lingzi Zhang Lishan Wang Qi Fei Yutong Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Primary Care and Population Sciences University of Southampton Respiratory Department Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Respiratory Department Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical practice guideline recommendations on the use of oral patent Traditional Chinese Medicines(PTCMs) for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections(ALRTIs)in adults with the existing evidence using results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).METHODS:A systematic review on RCTs and a systematic review of current guidelines on orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs were *** Med,Cochrane Library,EMBASE and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to September 2016 for RCTs testing orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs(excluding pneumonia).Two reviewers independently screened each study,extracted study data,and assessed risk of *** were resolved through discussion or by consultation with a third *** practice guidelines for uncomplicated ALRTIs containing PTCM recommendations were identified and quality *** quality of pooled evidence of the RCTs and the guidelines was assessed with GRADE and AGREE Ⅱ *** consistency of the evidence base in RCTs and the guideline recommendations were then ***:For the systematic review of RCTs,4810 papers were identified,among which 29 RCTs(5093 patients) were included in the *** compared to placebo increased the effective treatment rate of cough(3 trials,949 patients,risk ratio(RR) 2.50,1.16 to 5.43;low certainty);improved assessment of global health(3 trials,948 patients,RR1.70,1.44 to 2.01;low certainty);and increased the effective rate of specific symptom relief(1 trial,478 patients,RR 4.01,2.76 to 5.81;moderate certainty).21 trials(3432 patients) compared effects of different *** the guideline evaluation,29 PTCMs were recommended for the use of uncomplicated ALRTIs,of which27 had no supportive evidence from ***:The evidence base of PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs is weak and the guideline recommendations were based on almost no clinical trial evidence.

关键词：繁体中文成年人随机化指南证据专利感染呼吸

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岁时花艺设计指南

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作者： Best flower Arrangement编辑部

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