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Hospital resource intensity and cirrhosis mortality in United States

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第10期23卷 1857-1865页

作者： Amit k Mathur apurba k chakrabarti Jessica L Mellinger Michael L Volk Ryan Day Andrew L Singer Winston R Hewitt kunam S Reddy Adyr A Moss Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryMayo Clinic Arizona Robert D and Patricia E kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine University of Michigan Department of Medicine Loma Linda University

To determine whether hospital characteristics predict cirrhosis mortality and how much variation in mortality is attributable to hospital *** used data from the 2005-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the American Hospital Association Annual survey to identify hospitalizations for decompensated cirrhosis and corresponding facility characteristics. We created hospital-specific risk and reliability-adjusted odds ratios for cirrhosis mortality, and evaluated patient and facility differences based on hospital performance quintiles. We used hierarchical regression models to determine the effect of these factors on ***-two thousand seven hundred and thirty-three cirrhosis admissions were evaluated in 805 hospitals. Hospital mean cirrhosis annual case volume was 90.4 (range 25-828). Overall hospital cirrhosis mortality rate was 8.00%. Hospital-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for mortality ranged from 0.48 to 1.89. Patient characteristics varied significantly by hospital aOR for mortality. Length of stay averaged 6.0 ± 1.6 days, and varied significantly by hospital performance (P k-adjusted mortality were higher Medicaid case-mix (OR = 1.00, P = 0.029) and LPN staffing (OR = 1.02, P = 0.015). Higher cirrhosis volume (OR = 0.99, P = 0.025) and liver transplant program status (OR = 0.83, P = 0.026) were significantly associated with survival. After adjusting for patient differences, era, and clustering effects, 15.3% of variation between hospitals was attributable to differences in facility *** characteristics account for a significant proportion of variation in cirrhosis mortality. These findings have several implications for patients, providers, and health care delivery in liver disease care and inpatient health care design.

关键词： Cirrhosis Mortality Hospital variation Resource utilization Quality Outcomes

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Hydro-chemical study of the evolution of interstellar pre-biotic molecules during the collapse of molecular clouds

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第12期12卷 1613-1624页

作者： Liton Majumdar Ankan Das Sandip k. chakrabarti Sonali chakrabarti Indian Centre for Space Physics Chalantika 43Garia Station RoadKolkata-700084India S.N.Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Salt LakeKolkata-700098India Maharaja Manindra Chandra College 20 Ramakanto Bose StreetKolkata-700003India

One of the stumbling blocks for studying the evolution of interstellar molecules is the lack of adequate knowledge about the rate coefficients of various reactions which take place in the interstellar medium and molecular *** theoretical models of rate coefficients do exist in the literature for computing abundances of complex pre-biotic *** far these have been used to study the abundances of these molecules in ***,in order to obtain more accurate final compositions in these media,we have calculated the rate coefficients for the formation of some of the most important interstellar pre-biotic molecules by using quantum chemical *** use these rates inside our hydro-chemical model to examine the chemical evolution and final abundances of pre-biotic species during the collapsing phase of a *** find that a significant amount of various pre-biotic molecules could be produced during the collapse phase of a *** thoroughly study the formation of these molecules via successive neutral-neutral and radical-radical/radicalmolecular *** present the time evolution of the chemical species with an emphasis on how the production of these molecules varies with the depth of a cloud. We compare the formation of adenine in interstellar space using our rate-coefficients and using those obtained from existing theoretical *** routes of the pre-biotic molecules are found to be highly dependent on the abundances of the reactive species and the rate coefficients involved in the *** presence of grains strongly affects the abundances of the gas phase *** also carry out a comparative study between different pathways available for the synthesis of adenine,alanine, glycine and other molecules considered in our *** the huge abundances of the neutral reactive species,production of adenine is found to be strongly dominated by the radical-radical/radical-molecular reaction *** all the reactio

关键词： ISM clouds-astrochemistry-stars formation

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Transonic Accretion and Winds Around Pseudo-kerr Black Holes And Comparison with General Relativistic Solutions

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第3期22卷 157-167页

作者： Abhrajit Bhattacharjee Sandip k.chakrabarti Dipak Debnath Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 ChalantikaGaria Station RoadKolkata 700084India

Spectral and timing properties of accretion flows on a black hole depend on their density and temperature distributions,which in turn come from the underlying ***,an accurate description of the flow which includes hydrodynamics and radiative transfer is a must to interpret the observational *** the case of nonrotating black holes,a pseudo-Newtonian description of surrounding spacetime enables one to make significant progress in predicting spectral and timing *** formalism is lacking for spinning black *** this paper,we show that there exists an exact form of a"natural"potential derivable from the general relativistic(GR)radial momentum *** of this potential in an otherwise Newtonian set of equations allows to describe transonic flows very accurately as is evidenced by comparing with solutions obtained from the full GR *** study the properties of the critical points and the centrifugal pressure supported shocks in the parameter space spanned by the specific energy and angular momentum,and compare with the results of GR *** show that this potential can safely be used for the entire range of kerr parameter-1k *** assume the flow to be ***,it is non-dissipative with constant energy and angular *** assumptions are valid very close to the black hole as the infall timescale is much shorter as compared to the viscous timescale.

关键词： black hole physics(159) kerr black holes(886) relativity(1393) hydrodynamics(1963) shocks(2086)

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Genotoxic Effects of PAH Containing Sludge Extracts in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2003年第1期16卷 68-82页

作者： k.kRISHNAMURTHI FONTDEVI T.chakrabarti Environmental Biotechnology Division National Environmental Engineering Research InstituteNehru MargNagpur-440020IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology DivisionNational Environmental Engineering Research InstituteNehru MargNagpur-440020IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology DivisionNational Environmental Engineering Research InstituteNehru MargNagpur-440020India

Objective Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now questioned by a growing segment of society. Methods keeping the above fact in mind, we have conducted in the present study the genotoxicity evaluation of oily sludge samples generated from a petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry and ETP sludge from petroleum refinery using DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein induction and apoptosis in short term in vitro mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures. Results It is evident from the results that the oily sludge compounds derived from petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry could cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein accumulation and apoptotic cell death on exposure to oily sludge extracts in the presence of metabolic activation system (S-9 mix), however, ETP sludge extract could not cause significant genotoxicity in comparison to oily sludge extract and negative control. Conclusion The effect may be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the samples as evidenced from GC-MS.

关键词： DNA damage Chromosomal aberration p53 protein induction Apoptosis Genotoxicity Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS)

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Study of Secondary Cosmic Rays and Astronomical X-Ray Sources using Small Stratospheric Balloons

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 94-109页

作者： Rupnath Sikdar Sandip k.chakrabarti Debashis Bhowmick Indian Centre for Space Physics 466BarakholaSingabari RoadNetai NagarKolkata700099West BengalIndia

The X-ray sources of the universe are extraterrestrial in nature which emit X-ray *** closest strong X-ray source is the Sun,which is followed by various compact sources such as neutron stars,black holes,the Crab pulsar,*** this paper,we analyze the data received from several low-cost lightweight meteorological balloon-borne missions launched by the Indian Centre for Space *** main interest is to study the variation of the vertical intensity of secondary cosmic rays,the detection of strong X-ray sources,and their spectra in the energy band of^(1)0–80 keV during the complete *** to the lack of an onboard pointing system,low exposure time,achieving a maximum altitude of only~42 km,and freely rotating the payload about its axis,we modeled the background radiation flux for the X-ray detector using physical *** also present the source detection method,observation of the pulsation of the Crab(^(3)3 Hz),and spectra of some sources such as the quiet Sun and the Crab pulsar.

关键词： X-rays:stars balloons instrumentation:detectors

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Dissipation of pencycuron in rice plant

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第8期6卷 756-758页

作者： PAL R. chakrabarti k CHAkRABORTY A CHOWDHURY A Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta UniversityCalcutta Pin-700 019 IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta UniversityCalcutta Pin-700 019 IndiaDepartment of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur West BengalPin-741 252 IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta UniversityCalcutta Pin-700 019 India

Pencycuron is a non-systemic protective fungicide for controlling sheath blight of rice. However, information on the fate of pencycuron in rice plant is lacking. The degradation of pencycuron in waterlogged tropic rice field was *** was applied at recommended field dose (187.5 g a.i./ha) and double recommended dose to cropped plots for three consecutive years. Pencycuron was rapidly degraded in rice plant at all doses of pencycuron application with first order half-lives of 1.57～2.77 d. The study revealed that pencycuron is safe from the human and environmental contamination point of view.

关键词： Pencycuron Dissipation Rice plant Sheath blight Rhizoctonia solani

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Spectral analysis of χ class data of GRS 1915+105 using TCAF solution

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第12期20卷 347-356页

作者： Anuvab Banerjee Ayan Bhattacharjee Dipak Debnath Sandip k.chakrabarti S.N.Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block-JDSector-3Salt LakeKolkata700106India Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 ChalantikaGaria St.Rd.Kolkata700084India

The class variable source GRS 1915+105 exhibits a wide range of time variabilities on timescales of a few seconds to a few days. Depending on the count rates in different energy bands and the nature of the conventional color-color diagram, the variabilities were classified into sixteen classes that were later sequenced in ascending order of Comptonization Efficiency(CE), which is the ratio of power-law and blackbody photons. However, CE estimation is based on an empirical model which does not provide us with a comprehensive picture regarding accretion flow dynamics around the central source. In reality, the accretion flow is comprised of two components: the high angular momentum keplerian flow in the form of a radiatively efficient disk and a low angular momentum radiatively inefficient sub-keplerian halo enveloping the disk. These two components contribute differently to the overall flux due to the differences in their radiative efficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the spectral behaviors and time variabilities in terms of accretion rates. In χ class, X-ray flux is steady with no significant variation, however various χsubclasses are observed at different X-ray fluxes and variations of count rates across different χ subclasses must be linked to the variation of flow parameters such as the accretion rates, be it the keplerian disk rate and/or the low angular momentum halo rate. This motivated us to analyze the spectra of the χ class data implementing the physical Two Component Advective Flow(TCAF) solution which directly extracts these two rates from spectral fits. We find that in the χ2,4 classes, which are reportedly devoid of significant outflows, the spectra could be fitted well applying the TCAF solution alone. In the χ1,3 classes, which are always linked with outflows, a cutoff power-law model is needed in addition to the TCAF *** the same time, the normalization required by this model along with the variation of photon index and exponent

关键词： X-Rays:binaries stars:individual(GRS 1915+105) stars:black holes accretion,accretion disks ISM:jets and outflows radiation:dynamics

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Sperm immobilization activity of Allium sativum L. and other plant extracts

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第2期5卷 131-135页

作者： kausiki chakrabarti Sulagna Pal Asok k.Bhattacharyya Reproductive Biology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry University of Calcutta Calcutta-700 019 IndiaReproductive Biology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry University of Calcutta Calcutta-700 019 IndiaReproductive Biology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry University of Calcutta Calcutta-700 019 India

Aim: To identify possible spermicidal agents through screening a number of edible medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. Methods: Initial screening was made on the basis of ram cauda epididymal sperm immobilization immediately after addition of extracts. The most potent extract was selected and was evaluated on both ram and human spermatozoa. To unravel its mode of action several sperm functional tests were carried out, namely viability of cells, hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity and assays of membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal marker enzyme acrosin. Results: The crude aqueous extract of the bulb of Allium sativum L. showed the most promising results by instant immobilization of the ram epididymal sperm at 0.25 g/mL and human ejaculated sperm at 0.5 g/mL. Sperm immobilizing effects were irreversible and the factor of the extract responsible for immobilization was thermostable up to 90 癈. On boiling at 100 癈 for 10 minutes, this activity was markedly reduced. Moreover, this extract was able to cause aggregation of ram sperms into small clusters after 30 minutes of incubation at 37 癈. However this property was not found in human spermatozoa. More than 50 % reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling occurred in treated sperm as compared with the controls, indicating the possibility of plasma membrane disintegration which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal acrosin. Conclusion: The crude aqueous extract of A. sativum bulb possesses spermicidal activity in vitro.

关键词： Allium sativum plant extracts sperm immobilization farm animals ram human spermicidal agents thermostability

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Accretion flow properties of XTE J1118+480 during its 2005 outburst

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第11期20卷 222-230页

作者： Dipak Debnath Debjit Chatterjee Arghajit Jana Sandip k.chakrabarti kaushik Chatterjee Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 ChalantikaGaria St.Rd.Kolkata700084India Physical Research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad 380009India

We study spectral and temporal properties of Galactic short orbital period transient black hole XTE J1118+480 during its 2005 outburst using archival data of RXTE PCA and HEXTE instruments in the combined energy range of 3−100 *** analysis with the physical two component advective flow(TCAF)model allows us to understand the accretion flow properties of the *** found that this outburst of XTE J1118+480 is an unconventional outburst as the source was only in the hard state(HS).Our spectral analysis suggests that during the entire outburst,the source was highly dominated by the low angular momentum sub-keplerian halo *** the source was active in radio throughout the outburst,we make an effort to estimate X-ray contribution of jets to total observed X-ray emissions from the spectral analysis with the TCAF *** total X-ray intensity shows a similar nature of evolution as that of radio and jet X-ray *** allowed us to define this‘outburst’also as a jet dominated‘outburst’.Total X-ray flux is also found to subside when jet activity *** detailed spectral analysis also indicated that although the source was only in the HS during the outburst,in the late declining phase the spectrum became slightly softer due to the slow rise in the keplerian disk rate.

关键词： X-Rays binaries-stars black holes-stars individual (XTE J1118+480)-accretion,accretion disks-ISM jets and outflows-radiation dynamics

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Protective Effect of Distillate and Redistillate of Cow’s Urine in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Challenged With Established Genotoxic Chemicals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期17卷 247-256页

作者： k.kRISHNAMURTHI DIPANWITA DUTTA S.D.SIVANESAN T. chakrabarti Environmental Biotechnology Division National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg Nagpur-440 020 INDIA

Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to cause weight loss, reversal of certain cardiac and kidney problems, indigestion, stomach ache, edema, etc. However, the literature and scripture did not mention the antigenotoxic properties of cow’urine. Methods In the present investigation, the antigenotoxic/ antioxidant properties of cow’ urine distillate and redistillate were studied in vitro. The antioxidant status and volatile fatty acid levels were determined. Actinomycin-D (0.1ol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (150 mol/L) were used for inducing DNA strand break with 0.1% DMSO as negative control. Dose for the antigenotoxic effect of cow’ urine was chosen from the dose response study carried out earlier. Results Both actinomycin-D and H2O2 caused statistically significant DNA unwinding of 80% & 75% respectively (P<0.001) as revealed by fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU), and the damage could be protected with the redistilled cow urine distillate (1, 50 & 100 ) in simultaneous treatment with genotoxic chemicals. Conclusion The redistillate of cowurine was found to possess total antioxidant status of around 2.6 mmol, contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500 mg/L) as revealed by the GC-MS studies. These fatty acids and other antioxidants might cause the observed protective effects.

关键词： Ammonia Antioxidants Cow urine distillate Cow urine redistillate Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNL) DNA damage Fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding(FADU) Gas chromatography mass spectrometer(GC-MS) Genotoxicity Volatile fatt

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