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Arsenobetaine and thio-arsenic species in marine macroalgae and herbivorous animals: Accumulated through trophic transfer or produced in situ?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 131-139页

作者： simon.Foster William Maher Ecochemistry Laboratory Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra

Arsenobetaine（ab） and thio-arsenoribosides were measured in common macroalgae species（8 phaeophyta, 4 rhodophyta and 2 chlorphyta）, along the Australian south east coast line. As well, arsenic species profiles were measured for two common marine herbivores, the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii and the fish Odax cyanomelas that graze on these macroalgae to understand if trophic transfer of these species would account for their presence in marine herbivores. ab was found in seven of the fourteen macroalgae species investigated but does not contributed significantly to any of the macroalgae arsenic content（0.01-1.2 μg/g）. ab was found in only two of the brown macroalgae and all the red and green macroalgae（with the exception of Corallina officinalis）. Thio-arsenic species were found sporadically, but not in high concentrations in any of the macroalgae *** present in macroalgae is likely to be associated with epiphytic organisms while thio-arsenoribosides are likely to be produced by decaying parts of damaged macroalgae.A laboratory feeding experiment in which the herbivorous gastropod, Austrocochlea constricta, was fed macroalgae containing thio-arsenoribosides for a 24 hr period every three days showed that these are readily accumulated over a short period. Thio-arsenoribosides in herbivores are therefore probably obtained through trophic transfer. Some ab is also obtained through trophic transfer; however, the presence of trimethylated arsonioribosides,a hypothesized precursor of ab formation in herbivores, suggests that some ab is produced within herbivores from the transformation of arsenoribosides accumulated from their diet.

关键词： Arsenobetaine Arsenic Metabolism Thio-arsenosugars Macroalgae Gastropods

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Hypotensive Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Bambusa vulgaris (Poaceae) Leaves in Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第8期11卷 51-59页

作者： appy simon. abé Kouao Augustin Amonkan Kacou Jules Marius Djétouan Koffi Joseph N’guessan N’dah Etchien Christelle Ekra Kesse Philippe N’da Koffi Bruno Koko Akoua Jeanne Kanga UPR-Nutrition and Pharmacology Laboratory of Biology and Health UFR-Biosciences Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&otildete d’Ivoire UPR-Animal Physiology Phytotherapy and Pharmacology Laboratory of Biology and Health UFR-Biosciences Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&otildete d’Ivoire Laboratory of Industrial Processes Synthesis Environment and New Energy (LAPISEN) Institute National Polytechnique Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny Yamoussoukro C&otildete d’Ivoire

Plant of Bambusa vulgaris is used in traditional medicine practice for the management of many pathologies including hypertension. The effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Bambusa vulgaris on blood pressure was evaluated in normotensive male rabbits. Blood pressure was measured by the invasive method. Thus, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves had been injected intravenously at doses ranging from 1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg in rabbits anesthetized with thiopental. The effects of this extract on blood pressure were also evaluated in rabbits having previously received different doses of atropine. The aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves induced a dose-dependent hypotension which is not canceled in the presence of atropine. The results obtained show that the extract has blood pressure lowering effect which may be mediated by muscarinic-type cholinergic receptors.

关键词： Bambusa vulgaris Aqueous Extract Hypotensive Effects Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbits Atropine

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SCAPS 1D Simulation of a Lead-Free Perovskite Photovoltaic Solar Cell Using Hematite as Electron Transport Layer

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2024年第4期14卷 97-106页

作者： Souleymane Tuo Konan Boua Marc Kevin Koffi Koffi Arnaud Kamenan Joseph Datte abé simon.Yapi Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Man Man Cte dIvoire Faculty of Biologicals Sciences Department of Mathematics Physics and Chemistry University of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo Cte dIvoire Department of Physics Normal Superior School Cocody Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Technologies University of Felix Houphouet Boigny of Cocody Abidjan Cte dIvoire

In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Studies have shown significant interest in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to concerns about the toxicity of lead in lead halide perovskites. CH3NH3SnI3 emerges as a viable alternative to CH3NH3PbX3. In this work, we studied the effect of various parameters on the performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells using simulation with the SCAPS 1D software. The cell structure consists of α-Fe2O3/CH3NH3SnI3/PEDOT: PSS. We analyzed parameters such as thickness, doping, and layer concentration. The study revealed that, without considering other optimized parameters, the efficiency of the cell increased from 22% to 35% when the perovskite thickness varied from 100 to 1000 nm. After optimization, solar cell efficiency reaches up to 42%. The optimization parameters are such that, for example, for perovskite: the layer thickness is 700 nm, the doping concentration is 1020 and the defect density is 1013 cm−3, and for hematite: the thickness is 5 nm, the doping concentration is 1022 and the defect concentration is 1011 cm−3. These results are encouraging because they highlight the good agreement between perovskite and hematite when used as the active and electron transport layers, respectively. Now, it is still necessary to produce real, viable photovoltaic solar cells with the proposed material layer parameters.

关键词： CH3NH3SnI3 α-Fe2O3 SCAPS 1D Thickness Doping Defect Optimisation

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A novel role for mitochondrial fission in macrophages: trained innate immunity induced by beta-glucan

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第8期20卷 864-866页

作者： Anna Brichkina Hans-Uwe simon Institute of Systems Immunology Center for Tumor Biology and ImmunologyPhilipps University of Marburg35043MarburgGermany Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL) Philipps University of Marburg35043MarburgGermany Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Institute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal University420012KazanRussia Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern3010BernSwitzerland Institute of Biochemistry Brandenburg Medical School16816NeuruppinGermany

In a recent paper published in Nature Immunology,Ding et *** new insights into the mechanism of how trained innate immunity could eradicate *** authors demonstrated that yeast-derived whole beta-glucan particles(WGP)increased the responsiveness of lung interstitial macrophages to tumor-derived factors associated with the subsequent inhibition of tumor metastasis through enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer *** authors identified the metabolic sphingolipid–mitochondrial fission axis in WGP-trained macrophages as the key pathway responsible for this phenomenon and categorized it as a mechanism of trained innate immunity[1].

关键词： subsequent insight immunity

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On-the-fly active learning of interpretable Bayesian force fields for atomistic rare events

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1502-1512页

作者： Jonathan Vandermause Steven B.Torrisi simon.Batzner Yu Xie Lixin Sun Alexie M.Kolpak Boris Kozinsky Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Computational Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Bosch Research CambridgeMA 02139USA

Machine learned force fields typically require manual construction of training sets consisting of thousands of first principles calculations,which can result in low training efficiency and unpredictable errors when applied to structures not represented in the training set of the *** severely limits the practical application of these models in systems with dynamics governed by important rare events,such as chemical reactions and *** present an adaptive Bayesian inference method for automating the training of interpretable,low-dimensional,and multi-element interatomic force fields using structures drawn on the fly from molecular dynamics *** an active learning framework,the internal uncertainty of a Gaussian process regression model is used to decide whether to accept the model prediction or to perform a first principles calculation to augment the training set of the *** method is applied to a range of single-and multi-element systems and shown to achieve a favorable balance of accuracy and computational efficiency,while requiring a minimal amount of ab initio training *** provide a fully opensource implementation of our method,as well as a procedure to map trained models to computationally efficient tabulated force fields.

关键词： fields element typically

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Use of Mutual Information Arrays to Predict Coevolving Sites in the Full Length HIV gp120 Protein for Subtypes B and C

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第2期26卷 95-104页

作者： Anthony Rayner simon.Rayner State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences

It is well established that different sites within a protein evolve at different rates according to their role within the protein; identification of these correlated mutations can aid in tasks such as ab initio protein structure, structure function analysis or sequence alignment. Mutual Information is a standard measure for coevolution between two sites but its application is limited by signal to noise ratio. In this work we report a preliminary study to investigate whether larger sequence sets could circumvent this problem by calculating mutual information arrays for two sets of drug naive sequences from the HIV gpl20 protein for the B and C subtypes. Our results suggest that while the larger sequences sets can improve the signal to noise ratio, the gain is offset by the high mutation rate of the HIV virus which makes it more difficult to achieve consistent alignments. Nevertheless, we were able to predict a number of coevolving sites that were supported by previous experimental studies as well as a region close to the C terminal of the protein that was highly variable in the C subtype but highly conserved in the B subtype.

关键词： Mutual information arrays Predict coevolving sites Protein evolve HIV gpl20 protein B and C subtypes

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HLA-G 3’UTR 14 bp Insertion Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Developing Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Côte d’Ivoire Population

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Open Journal of Genetics 2019年第2期9卷 31-41页

作者： Bernardin Ahouty Mathurin Koffi David Courtin Ilboudo Hamidou Didier Sokouri Innocent abé Laure Gineau Thomas Konan Lingué Kouakou Tidou abiba Sanogo Enock Matovu Bruno Bucheton Vincent Jamonneau simon.Pierre N’Guetta Felix Houphouet Boigny University (UFHB) Cocody Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Jean Lorougnon Guédé University (UJLoG) Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Mère et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité France Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Programme National d’élimination de la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire School of Veterinary Medicine Makerere University Kampala Uganda Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) IRD-CIRAD 177 Intertryp Université de Montpellier Montpellier France Institut Pierre Richet Bouaké C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, is associated with diverse clinical outcomes. Host’s genetic factors involved in immunity are potential factors that can regulate infection. Genetic polymorphisms within HLA-G could influence the level of HLA-G expression and therefore play a critical role in infection outcomes. The goal of our study was to investigate the association of 14 bp Indel HLA-G polymorphism with the susceptibility/resistance to HAT. DNA samples were collected from 119 cases, 221 controls and 43 seropositive individuals living in Ivorian HAT foci. The 14 bp Indel polymorphism was determined by PCR. Homozygous individuals for 14 bp insertion had a lower risk of progressing to active HAT (p = 0.012, OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09 - 0.8). Moreover, the frequency of 14 bp insertion homozygous genotype was higher in the seropositive group (11%) than in the HAT cases group (3%) (p = 0.043, OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.99), which suggested a protective effect of 14 bp insertion homozygous genotype. Genetic polymorphisms in HLA-G may be associated with a variable risk to develop HAT. The 14 bp insertion appears to favour the occurrence of long-lasting T. b. gambiense latent infections.

关键词： HLA-G Human African Trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Genetic Association Study

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Role and outcome of conventional surgery in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess in the modern era of minimally invasive therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第5期14卷 747-751页

作者： simon.Siu-Man Ng Janet Fung-Yee Lee Paul Bo-San Lai Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong China

AIM:To evaluate the role and outcome of conventional surgery in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess in the modern era of minimally invasive therapy. METHODS:The medical records of thirteen patients with pyogenic liver abscess who underwent surgical treatment between January 1995 and December 2002 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the clinical presentation, indication and nature of surgery, and out-come of surgery. RESULTS:The patients were predominantly women (10/13) with a mean age of 65 ± 17 years. Their main presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (100%) and fever (77%). The aetiologies included biliary (n = 6), cryptogenic (n = 3), portal (n = 2), and trauma (n = 2). Seven patients underwent percutaneous drainage as the initial treatment. Of these, three patients developed peritonitis secondary to peritoneal spillage. Another four patients failed to respond because of multilocula-tion. Salvage surgery was required in these patients. Six patients proceeded to straight laparotomy:two had marked sepsis and multiloculated abscess that precluded percutaneous drainage, and four presented with perito-nitis of uncertain pathology. Surgical procedures included deroofment and drainage (n = 9), liver resection (n = 3), peritoneal lavage (n = 2), cholecystectomy (n = 4), and exploration of common bile duct (n = 2). One patient required reoperation because of bleeding. Three patients required further percutaneous drainage after surgery. The overall mortality was 46%. Four patients died of multiorgan failure and two patients died of pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION:Surgical treatment of pyogenic liver ab-scess is occasionally needed when percutaneous drainage has failed due to various reasons. Mortality rate in this group of patients has remained high.

关键词： Pyogenic liver abscess Surgical drainage Liver resection Percutaneous drainage Outcome

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Syphilis and HIV Infection among Pregnant Women Previously Screened Negative during Their First Antenetal Care Visit (ANC) at Some Selected Health Facilities in the Buea Health District, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第7期11卷 50-65页

作者： Mbanya Gladice Mbanya Njunda Anna Longdoh Ngouakam Hermann simon.Eyongabane Ako Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Studies School of Health Science Biaka University Institute of Buea Buea Cameroon Centre for Research on Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (CREMER) Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) Yaoundé Cameroon

Syphilis and HIV are amongst the world’s most widespread diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Syphilis and HIV infections during pregnancy have been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Of concern now are the rising rates of congenital syphilis and HIV in Cameroon. Cameroon only mandates testing pregnant women for syphilis and HIV during their first ANC visit. This study was aimed at determining the incidence of new syphilis and HIV infections and factors associated with pregnant women who previously tested negative during their first ANC visit. A cohort design was used, where 335 pregnant women were followed up for a period from December 2019 to August 2020. A blood sample was drawn and the serum was analyzed using the WANTAI ELISA and AIDTM HIV 1 + 2 Ag/ab ELISAPlus test methods for syphilis and HIV respectively at three intervals. A questionnaire was used to identify risk factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Out of the 335 pregnant women who were followed up during this study, 49 (14.6%) were later diagnosed with syphilis (32 in 2nd trimester and 17 in 3rd trimester). 54 (16.1%) were diagnosed with HIV infection (13 at two months post-1st-trimester visit, 23 in the 2nd trimester and 18 in the 3rd trimester). Lastly, 10 (2%) were co-infected with syphilis and HIV of which 8 occurred during 2nd trimester and 2 in the 3rd trimester. The factors associated with contracting new syphilis infections include;younger age group aOR (1.302, 95% CI), leaving in an urban area aOR (3.158, 95% CI), lower level of education (Primary and no formal) with aOR of (9.055, 95% CI) (P = 0.001) and (6.764, 95% CI) (P = 0.006) respectively, inadequate knowledge on the diseases aOR (2.176, 95% CI), women unaware of their partner status aOR (3.190, 95% CI). Most factors associated with contracting new HIV infections were similar to the factors associated with contracting new syphilis infecti

关键词： Syphilis HIV STI Pregnant Women Post First-Antenatal Care Screening ELISA Buea

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Predicting Levels of Crude Protein, Digestibility, Lignin and Cellulose in Temperate Pastures Using Hyperspectral Image Data

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 997-1019页

作者： Susanne Thulin Michael J. Hill Alex Held simon.Jones Peter Woodgate AusCover CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Canberra Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information Carlton Australia Department of Earth System Science and Policy University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA Department of Geospatial Sciences RMIT Univer-sity Melbourne Australia Department of Geospatial Sciences RMIT University Melbourne Australia Brockmann-Geomatics Sweden ab Kista Sweden

Hyperspectral sensors provide the potential for direct estimation of pasture feed quality attributes. However, remote sensing retrieval of digestibility and fibre (lignin and cellulose) content of vegetation has proven to be challenging since tissue optical properties may not be propagated to the canopy level in mixed cover types. In this study, partial least squares regression on spectra from HyMap and Hyperion imagery were used to construct predictive models for estimation of crude protein, digestibility, lignin and cellulose concentration in temperate pastures. HyMap and Hyperion imagery and field spectra were collected over four pasture sites in southern Victoria, Australia. Co-incident field samples were analyzed with wet chemistry methods for crude protein, lignin and cellulose concentration, and digestibility was calculated from fiber determinations. Spectral data were subset based on sites and time of year of collection. Reflectance spectra were extracted from the hyperspectral imagery and collated for analysis. Six different transformations including derivatives and continuum removal were applied to the spectra to enhance absorption features sensitive to the quality attributes. The transformed reflectance spectra were then subjected to partial least squares regression, with full cross-validation “leave-one-out” technique, against the quality attributes to assess effects of the spectral transformations and post-atmospheric smoothing techniques to construct predictive models. Model performance between spectrometers, subsets and attributes were assessed using a coefficient of variation (CV), —the interquantile (IQ) range of the attribute values divided by the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) from the models. The predictive models with the highest CVs were obtained for digestibility for all spectra types, with HyMap the highest. However, models with slightly lower CVs were obtained for crude protein, lignin and cellulose. The spectral regions for di

关键词： Pasture Quality Crude Protein Digestibility Lignin Cellulose Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Partial-Least Squares Regression

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