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Cell-like-carbon-micro-spheres for robust potassium anode

National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 68-76页

作者： Hongbo Ding Jiang Zhou apparao m.rao Bingan Lu School of Physics and Electronics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University School of materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous metal materials Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Central South University Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University Fujian Strait Research Institute of Industrial Graphene Technologies

Large-scale low-cost synthesis methods for potassium ion battery(PIB) anodes with long cycle life and high capacity have remained challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of a biological cell, biomimetic carbon cells(BCCs) were synthesized and used as PIB anodes. The protruding carbon nanotubes across the BCC wall mimicked the ion-transporting channels present in the cell membrane, and enhanced the rate performance of PIBs. In addition, the robust carbon shell of the BCC could protect its overall structure, and the open space inside the BCC could accommodate the volume changes caused by K+insertion, which greatly improved the stability of PIBs. For the first time, a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer is formed on the surface of amorphous carbon. Collectively, the unique structural characteristics of the BCCs resulted in PIBs that showed a high reversible capacity(302 m Ah g-1at 100 m A g-1and 248 mAh g-1at500 m A g-1), excellent cycle stability(reversible capacity of 226 m Ah g-1after 2100 cycles and a continuous running time of more than 15 months at a current density of 100 m A g-1), and an excellent rate performance(160 mAh g-1at 1 A g-1). This study represents a new strategy for boosting battery performance, and could pave the way for the next generation of battery-powered applications.

关键词： bionic structures potassium ion battery reversible capacity term stability rate performance

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Yolk-Shell P3-Type K_(0.5)[mn_(0.85)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.05)]O_(2):A Low-Cost Cathode for Potassium-Ion Batteries

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Energy & Environmental materials 2022年第1期5卷 261-269页

作者： Jiaxin Hao Ke Xiong Jiang Zhou apparao m.rao Xianyou Wang Huan Liu Bingan Lu School of Physics and Electronics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of ministry of Education Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and ConversionSchool of ChemistryXiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteClemson UniversityClemson SC 29634USA College of materials Science and Engineering Hunan University of Scienceand TechnologyXiangtan 411201China Fujian Strait Research Institute of Industrial Graphene Technologies Quanzhou 362000China

Low-cost preparation methods for cathodes with high capacity and long cycle life are crucial for commercializing potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Presently,the charging/discharging strain that develops in the active cathode material of PIBs causes cracks in the particles,leading to a sharp capacity ***,to abate the strain release and the need for an industrially relevant process,a simple low-cost co-precipitation method for synthesizing yolk-shell P3-type K_(0.5)[mn_(0.85)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.05)]O_(2) (YS-KmNC)was *** cathode material for PIBs,the YS-KmNC delivers a high reversible capacity(96 mAh g^(-1) at 20 mA g^(-1))and excellent cycle stability(80.5%retention over 400 cycles at a high current density of 200 mA g^(-1)).more importantly,a full battery assembled with the YS-KmNC cathode and a commercial graphite anode exhibits a high operating voltage(0.5-3.4 V)and an excellent cycling performance(84.2%retention for 100 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1)).Considering the low-cost,simple production process and high performance of YS-KmNC cathode,this work could pave the way for the commercial development of PIBs.

关键词： cathode materials K_(0.5)[mn_(0.85)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.05)]O_(2) strain release volume expansion yolk-shell structure

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Cyclic-anion salt for high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 177-187页

作者： Yanyao Hu Ling Fan apparao m.rao Weijian Yu Caixiang Zhuoma Yanhong Feng Zhihui Qin Jiang Zhou Bingan Lu School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University School of materials Science and Engineering Central South University

Electrolyte anions are critical for achieving high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries(PmBs).However,the common anions cannot simultaneously prevent the formation of ’dead K’ and the corrosion of Al current collector,resulting in poor cycling ***,we demonstrate cyclic anion of hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide-based electrolytes that can mitigate the ’dead K’ and remarkably enhance the high-voltage stability of ***,even using low salt concentration(0.8 m) and additive-free carbonate-based electrolytes,the PmBs with a high-voltage polyanion cathode(4.4 V) also exhibit excellent cycling stability of 200 cycles with a good capacity retention of 83%.This noticeable electrochemical performance is due to the highly efficient passivation ability of the cyclic anions on both anode and cathode *** cyclic-anion-based electrolyte design strategy is also suitable for lithium and sodium-metal battery technologies.

关键词： cyclic anion low concentration additive-free electrolyte high-voltage potassium-metal batteries solid-electrolyte interface

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Co-activation for enhanced K-ion storage in battery anodes

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National Science Review 2023年第7期10卷 183-195页

作者： Yanhong Feng Yawei Lv Hongwei Fu mihir Parekh apparao m.rao He Wang Xiaolin Tai Xianhui Yi Yue Lin Jiang Zhou Bingan Lu School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the microscale University of Science and Technology of China School of materials Science and Engineering Central South University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University

The relative natural abundance of potassium and potentially high energy density has established potassium-ion batteries as a promising technology for future large-scale global energy ***,the anodes’ low capacity and high dis charge platform lead to low energy density,which impedes their rapid ***,we present a possible co-activation mechanism between bismuth(Bi) and tin(Sn)that enhances K-ion storage in battery *** co-activated Bi-Sn anode delivered a high capacity of634 mAh g-1,with a discharge plateau as low as 0.35 V,and operated continuously for 500 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g-1,with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.2%.This possible co-activation strategy for high potassium storage may be extended to other Na/Zn/Ca/mg/Al ion battery technologies,thus providing insights into how to improve their energy storage ability.

关键词： potassium ion batteries anode co-activation high reversible capacity

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Ti2CTx mXene-based all-optical modulator

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Infomat 2020年第3期2卷 601-609页

作者： Jun Yi Jie Li Shuohan Huang Longyu Hu Lili miao Chujun Zhao Shuangchun Wen Vadym N.mochalin apparao m.rao Key Laboratory for micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of ministry of Education and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangshaChina Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteClemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMissouri Department of materials Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMissouri

mXenes,a new class of 2D transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,have attracted much attention due to their outstanding ***,we report the broadband spatial self-phase modulation of Ti2CTx mXene nanosheets dispersed in deionized water in the visible to near-infrared regime,highlighting the broadband nonlinear optical(NLO)response of Ti2CTx *** ultrafast pulsed laser excitation,the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the thirdorder nonlinear susceptibility χ^(3)monolayer of Ti2CTx mXene were measured to be^10^−13 m^2/W and ~10^−10 esu,*** the large optical nonlinearity of Ti2CTx mXene,an all-optical modulator in the visible regime was fabricated based on the spatial cross-phase modulation *** work suggests that 2D mXenes are ideal broadband NLO materials with excellent prospects in NLO applications.

关键词： 2D materials all-optical modulator mXene spatial cross-phase modulation spatial self-phase modulation

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Trimming the Degrees of Freedom via a K^(+) Flux Rectifier for Safe and Long‑Life Potassium‑Ion Batteries

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Nano-micro Letters 2023年第11期15卷 157-171页

作者： Xianhui Yi apparao mrao Jiang Zhou Bingan Lu School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials InstituteClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA School of materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China

High degrees of freedom(DOF)for K^(+)movement in the electrolytes is desirable,because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries,yet requiring support from highly free and flammable organic solvent molecules,seriously affecting battery ***,we develop a K^(+)flux rectifier to trim K ion’s DOF to 1 and improve electrochemical *** the ionic conductivity is compromised in the K^(+)flux rectifier,the overall electrochemical performance of PIBs was *** oxidation stability improvement from 4.0 to 5.9 V was realized,and the formation of dendrites and the dissolution of organic cathodes were ***,the K||K cells continuously cycled over 3,700 h;K||Cu cells operated stably over 800 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%;and K||graphite cells exhibited high-capacity retention over 74.7%after 1,500 ***,the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide organic cathodes operated for more than 2,100 cycles and reached year-scale-cycling *** fabricated a 2.18 Ah pouch cell with no significant capacity fading observed after 100 cycles.

关键词： Electrolytes Degrees of freedom Safe Coulombic efficiency Potassium-ion batteries

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Effects of supplementation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatá and Napier grass with Desmodium distortum on feed intake,digesta kinetics and milk production in crossbred dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 222-227页

作者： mupenzi mutimura Cyprian Ebong Idupulapati m.rao Ignatius V.Nsahlai Rwanda Agriculture Board Department of Animal Production Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa International Centre for Tropical Agriculture United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Polymer Research UnitNational Center for Agricultural Utilization Research University of Kwa Zulu-Natal School of AgriculturalEarth and Environmental SciencesDepartment of Animal Science and Poultry SciencePietermaritzburg Campus

This study was planned to analyse the basis that make Brachiaria species with greater feeding value than Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) for lactating dairy *** lactating crossbred cows were stallfed on Brachiaria brizantha *** or Napier grass *** Cameroon supplemented(mixed on fresh matter basis) or unsupplemented with Desmodium distortum, a forage *** cows were fed on fresh matter basis under small-holder farming *** showed that *** *** had higher contents of dry matter(Dm), crude protein(CP) and organic matter(Om), but lower contents of neutral detergent fibre(NDF) and acid detergent fibre(ADF) than Napier grass(P me supplementation increased intakes of CP and metabolizable energy(mE; P milk yield was lower on diets based on Napier grass than those based on *** ***(P me of the particle phase of digesta in the digestive tract was longer on Napier grass(83.1 h) than on *** ***(62.8 h)(P me supplementation of *** *** increases nutrient intake, hence resulting in higher milk yields than supplementation of Napier grass.

关键词： Brachiaria grass Tropical grasses Napier grass Nutrient intake Legume supplementation Retention time

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Phase-transition-free rivets for layered oxide potassium cathodes

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Nano Research 2024年第11期17卷 9671-9678页

作者： Jie Chen apparao m. rao Caitian Gao Jiang Zhou Limei Cha Xiaoming Yuan Bingan Lu School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University Clemson SC USA School of materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China materials Science and Engineering program Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Shantou 515063 China materials Science and Engineering program Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel mATEC Key Lab Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Shantou 515063 China Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices School of Physics Central South University Changsha 410078 China

As a cathode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), manganese-based layered oxides have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost, ease of synthesis, and high performance. However, the Jahn-Teller effect caused by mn3+ and the irreversible phase transformation of the structure leads to poor cycle stability, limiting the development of layered oxides in PIBs. Herein, we demonstrate the use of phase-transition-free CaTiO_(3) as rivets in K_(0.5)mn_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)O_(2) by a simple solid-state method. As verified by the in situ X-ray diffraction, the CaTiO_(3) rivets effectively prevent the slippage of the transition metal layer during charge and discharge, inhibiting structural degradation. As a result, the obtained K_(0.5)mn_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)O_(2)-0.02CaTiO_(3) shows excellent cycling stability and rate performance, with high capacities of 119.3 and 70.1 mAh·g^(-1) at 20 and 1000 mA·g^(-1), respectively. At 200 mA·g^(-1), the capacity retention remains 94.7% after more than 300 cycles. This work represents a new avenue for designing and optimizing layered cathode materials for PIBs and other batteries.

关键词： potassium cathodes layered oxide phase-transition-free perovskite rivets

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现代设计方法与智能工程

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机械设计 1991年第6期8卷 3-6,11页

作者：查建中 m.rao 天津大学加拿大阿尔伯特大学

本文从工业自动化发展的角度,阐述了产品设计工作在整个产品生命周期的重要性。指出了现代设计方法包括领域知识和自动化处理领域知识两部分,智能工程作为自动化处理知识的技术,在决策水平的设计自动化中将起关键作用。

关键词：机械设计现代设计方法智能工程

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Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

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China Foundry 2018年第4期15卷 314-319页

作者： chinna apparao kummari anil kumar birru Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyManipur 795004India

The refinement potential of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy on pure aluminium and AI-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium a-grain size reducing to 187＋3 IJm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the AI-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages （viz. 0.0wt.%, 0.1wt.% and 1.0wt.%） of AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy shows that the AI-3.5FeNb-I.5C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for AI-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4wt.%. As a result of inoculation with AI-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy, the average grain size of a-AI is reduced to 22＋3 #m from about 71＋3 IJm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of AI-Si cast alloys by applying AI-Ti-B ternary master alloys. mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.

关键词： casting Al-Si alloy Al-3.5Fe Nb-1.5C microstructure grain refiner Al3Nb NbC

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