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Process intensification for the synthesis and purification of battery-grade li_(2)CO_(3)with microfluidics

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 106-117页

作者： Haodu li Jie Zhang lin Dai Le Du Jiqin Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Battery-grade lithium carbonate(li_(2)CO_(3))with a purity of higher than 99.5 wt%is of great importance as a high value-added lithium ***,influences of different reaction systems and process control on product purity remain ***,a membrane dispersion microreactor was used to enhance the mass transfer of preparation and purification processes in homogeneous and heterogeneous *** systems of Na_(2)CO_(3)–liCl,NH_(4)HCO_(3)–liCl,and NH_(3)·H_(2)O−CO_(2)−liCl,CO_(2)purification based on carbonation and decomposition were *** li_(2)CO_(3)purity was increased by the improvement of mixing *** carbonation time was reduced by 62.5%and 58.3%for the NH_(3)·H_(2)O−CO_(2)and CO_(2)purification systems,*** the two ammonia-based systems,li_(2)CO_(3)particles with a purity of 99.7–99.8 wt%were one-step prepared with a size of 3–5μm,which also met the requirement of the battery-grade *** purity was further increased to 99.9 wt%by CO_(2)purification and liHCO_(3)*** investigation could provide a feasible alternative for the controllable preparation of battery-grade li_(2)CO_(3)in one or multiple steps.

关键词： Microfluidics Battery grade li_(2)CO_(3) Process intensification High purity

Ultrahigh strength and uniform corrosion in Zn-li alloys through ultrahigh pressure supersaturated solid solution treatment for biodegradable orthopedic applications

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5284-5304页

作者： Wan-Ying li Yi-Long Dai Wen-Hao Cai Si-Han lin lin Guo De-Chuang Zhang Yuncang li Cuie Wen School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Ninth People′s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials&Application Technology Ministry of EducationXiangtan University School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourne

Zn-li alloys are considered promising candidate materials for biodegradable orthopedic implant applications due to their high mechanical performance and good ***,the presence of a large number of second-phase particles in this class of Zn alloys can lead to severe localized degradation due to micro-galvanic corrosion,which is detrimental to the mechanical integrity of the alloys during tissue healing in the human *** this study we report ultrahigh strength,uniform corrosion,good cytocompatibility,and effective antibacterial ability in Zn-x li（x=0.3,0.5,0.7;wt%） alloys achieved through supersaturated solid solution treatment （SSST） at 375℃ under ultrahigh pressure of 3 GPa.A high concentration of β-liZn4phases coexisted with the-Zn matrix in the as-cast Zn-x li alloys,whereas almost all the li dissolved into the-Zn matrix of SSST *** yield strength was 437 MPa for SSST Zn-0.3li,592 MPa for SSST Zn-0.5 li and 686 MPa for SSST *** SSST Zn-li alloys showed uniform degradation with remarkably reduced degradation rates compared to their as-cast *** 25% concentration extracts of the Zn-x li alloys demonstrated no cytotoxicity toward MC3T3-E1 cells,and the alloys exhibited effective antibacterial ability agains methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.

关键词： Corrosion behavior Mechanical property Supersaturated solid solution treatment (SSST) Ultrahigh pressure Zn-li alloy

Enrichment of Chemical Element ^(7)li in the Rotating Red Clump Star

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 121-125页

作者： Fang-Wen Wu Han-Feng Song Qing-li li Yun He Xin-Yue Qu Zhuo Han College of Physics Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Geneva Observatory University of GenevaCH-1290 SauvernySwitzerland

About 2 percent of red clump stars are found to be the lithium-rich and thus the surface lithium increases obviously in some red clump *** physical mechanism of the lithium enrichment in these stars has not yet been explained satisfactorily by the evolutionary models of single *** flash induced internal gravity wave mixing(i.e.,IGW)could play a primary role in explaining the red clump star with lithium enrichment and it has a very significant impact on the internal structure and surface compositions of a *** can significantly increase the mixing efficiency of the internal gravity wave because the timescale for the enrichment event has been *** mixing can explain the observed behavior of lithium on red giant stars that are more luminosity than the RGB ***,it has a very small effect on the diffusion of elements because its diffusion coefficient is much smaller than the one of IGW induced mixing after the core helium flash.

关键词： flash stars lithium

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Chemical Activation of S/li2S in li-S Batteries by a Bidirectional Organic Redox Mediator

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第5期40卷 927-934页

作者： li Chengqiu ZHOU Chaoyong MEI Shilin YAO Changjiang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection School of Mechatronical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P.R.China Xi’an Safty Energy Technology Co. Ltd.Xi’an710299P.R.China

The energy density and lifespan of prototype li-S batteries under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte have been mainly restricted by the incomplete interconversion between insulating S8 and *** introduction of an electrocatalyst has been preserved as an effective way to breakthrough the bottleneck of the interconversion ***,we demonstrate a novel bidirectional redox mediator,insoluble dithiobisphthalimide(DTPI),as the electrocatalyst for both S8 reduction and li2S *** to the dual-functional role of both electron/li^(+)donor and acceptor,DTPI can efficiently accelerate the redox reactions during charge/discharge and significantly alleviate the incomplete conversion of sulfur ***,the li-S batteries with DTPI deliver superior specific capacity and cycling stability in comparison with those without ***,the redox mediator is scalable for synthesis and the DTPI-based 5 A·h pouch cell delivers a specific discharge capacity of around 870 mA·h·g^(−1) at 0.1 C(1 C=1675 mA/g)without capacity fading over 80 *** bidirectional catalysis mechanism has been studied through theoretical calculation and ex-situ characterization of the cathode *** work approves the effectiveness of bidirectional organic redox mediator in the construction of practical li-S batteries.

关键词： lithium-sulfur battery(LSB) Dithiobisphthalimide(DTPI) Organic redox mediator Interconversion

Semi-automated detection of rangeland runoff and erosion control berms using high-resolution topography data

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 217-226页

作者： li li Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission Wuhan430010China Research Center on Mountain Torrent&Geologic Disaster Prevention Ministry of Water ResourcesWuhan430010China University of Arizona School of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentTucsonAZ85719USA

An inventory of topographic modifications is essential to addressing their impacts on hydrological and morphological processes in human-altered ***,such inventories are generally *** study presents two workflows for semi-automatic detection of linear earthen runoff and erosion control berms in rangelands using high-resolution topographic *** workflows consist of initial object identification by applying either morphological grayscale reconstruction(MGR)or the Geomorphon(GEO)method,followed by identification refinements through filters based on objects’horizontal and vertical *** sites were selected within the Altar Valley,Arizona,in the southwestern United *** site was used for developing workflows and optimizing filter thresholds,and the other two sites were used to validate *** results showed that:1)The MGR-based workflow methodology could produce final precision and detection rates of up to 92%and 75%,respectively,and take less than 5 s for a 10.1 km^(2) site;2)The workflow based on the MGR method yielded greater identification accuracy than did the GEO workflow;3)Object length,orientation,and eccentricity were important characteristics for identifying earthen berms,and are sensitive to general channel flow direction and berm shape;4)Manual interrogation of topographic data and imagery can significantly improve identification precision *** proposed workflows will be useful for developing inventories of runoff and erosion control structures in support of sustainable rangeland management.

关键词： Earthen berm Rangeland Grayscale morphological reconstruction Geomorphon liDAR

Perturbed low-thrust geostationary orbit transfer guidance via polynomial costate estimation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 181-193页

作者： Zhao li Hengnian li Fanghua JIANG Junfeng li State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an Satellite Control CenterXi’an 710043China School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This paper proposes an optimal,robust,and efficient guidance scheme for the perturbed minimum-time low-thrust transfer toward the geostationary *** Earth’s oblateness perturbation and shadow are taken into *** is difficult for a Lyapunov-based or trajectory-tracking guidance method to possess multiple characteristics at the same time,including high guidance optimality,robustness,and onboard computational *** this work,a concise relationship between the minimum-time transfer problem with orbital averaging and its optimal solution is identified,which reveals that the five averaged initial costates that dominate the optimal thrust direction can be approximately determined by only four initial modified equinoctial orbit elements after a coordinate *** on this relationship,the optimal averaged trajectories constituting the training dataset are randomly generated around a nominal averaged *** polynomial regression models are trained on the training dataset and are regarded as the costate *** the transfer,the spacecraft can obtain the real-time approximate optimal thrust direction by combining the costate estimations provided by the estimators with the current state at any ***,all these computations onboard are *** simulation results show that the proposed guidance scheme possesses extremely high guidance optimality,robustness,and onboard computational efficiency.

关键词： Low thrust Orbital transfer Trajectory optimization Guidance Indirect method Orbital averaging Machine learning Geostationary satellites

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Theoretical Analysis of Cooperative Driving at Idealized Unsignalized Intersections

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 257-270页

作者： Shen li Jiawei Zhang Zhenwu Chen li li Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China

Cooperative driving is widely viewed as a promising method to better utilize limited road resources and alleviate traffic *** recent years,several cooperative driving approaches for idealized traffic scenarios(i.e.,uniform vehicle arrivals,lengths,and speeds)have been ***,theoretical analyses and comparisons of these approaches are *** this study,we propose a unified group-by-group zipper-style movement model to describe different approaches synthetically and evaluate their *** derive the maximum throughput for cooperative driving plans of idealized unsignalized intersections and discuss how to minimize the delay of *** obtained conclusions shed light on future cooperative driving studies.

关键词： cooperative driving connected and automated vehicles unsignalized intersection

Effects of mid-passage gap with a variable surface angle on a turbine vane endwall’s aerothermal and film cooling performances

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 20-37页

作者： Zhiyu li Kaiyuan ZHANG Zhigang li Jun li Institute of Turbomachinery Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The mid-passage gap is an inevitable structure in a vane passage due to turbine vanes being manufactured *** coolant from this gap is able to prevent hot mainstream ingression and provide cooling protection for the endwall.A novel idea of enlarging the endwall’s coverage area and reducing the endwall’s thermal load by applying the mid-passage gap with variable surface angles is carried out in this *** endwall’s aerothermal and film cooling performances under four mid-passage gap modes at three typical mass flow ratio conditions are numerically *** indicate that under the traditional mid-passage mode,the coolant flows into the mainstream with a perpendicular incidence angle and can’t stick to the ***,cooling failure occurs,and the endwall’s thermal load is badly *** film cooling level at the suction-side endwall is improved when applying the mid-passage gap of a 45surface angle due to the secondary vortex being *** addition,when applying the mid-passage gap of a 135surface angle,the horseshoe vortex is pushed away,and the coverage area at the pressure-side endwall is enlarged *** best film cooling performance is achieved when the upstream surface angle is 135and the downstream surface angle is 45due to the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness being increased at both the pressure-and suction-side *** the mass flow ratio is 1.5%,the coverage area is enlarged by 43%,and the area-averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is increased by 37%,when compared with those under the traditional mid-passage mode.

关键词： Film cooling Heat transfer Surface angle Mid-passagegap Turbinevane endwall

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Failure mechanisms and surface treatment processes of thermal barrier coatings:Review

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第9期37卷 20-40页

作者： Hao li Shengqiang YANG Xiuhong li Wenhui li College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shan.xi Province Key Laboratory of Precise Machining Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China College of Aeronautics and Astronautics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Thermal Barrier Coatings(TBCs)technology is key to improving the service temperature and the productivity of aircraft *** performance and failure life of TBCs are strongly influenced by surface integrity and ***,recognizing failure mechanisms and developing effective surface treatment processes are crucial for further improving the reliability and durability of *** paper explains the primary reasons for TBC failure,emphasizing on how integrity of surface and interface influences interfacial oxidation,high-temperature erosion,and Calcium-Magnesium-Alumina-Silicate(CMAS)***,this paper completely and rigorously evaluates the research status of TBCs surface treatment processes,including the characteristics and effects of various processes,and describes the requirements and goals of pretreatment and *** addition,a potential direction for the development and application of TBCs surface treatment is suggested.

关键词： Thermal BarrierCoatings(TBCs) Failure Surface treatment processes Processing goals Mass finishing