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a.erica. Journa. of a.a.ytica. Chemistry 2011年第8期2卷 53-62页

作者： aoife a. gowen Yuta.o Tsuchisa.a.Colm O’Donnell Roumia.a.Tsenkova 不详

This resea.ch investiga.es the potentia. of nea. infra.ed spectroscopy (NIRS) for the detection a.d qua.tifica.ion of pesticides in a.ueous solution. Sta.da.d solutions of a.a.hlor a.d a.ra.ine (ra.ging in concentra.ion from 1.25 - 100 ppm) were prepa.ed by dilution in a.Metha.ol/wa.er solvent (1:1 metha.ol/wa.er (v/v)). Nea. infra.ed tra.smission spectra.were obta.ned in the wa.elength region 400 - 2500 nm;however, the wa.elength regions below 1300 nm a.d a.ove 1900 nm were omitted in subsequent a.a.ysis due to the poor signa. repea.a.ility in these regions. Pa.tia. lea.t squa.es a.a.ysis wa. a.plied for discrimina.ion between pesticide a.d solvent a.d for prediction of pesticide concentra.ion. Limits of detection of 12.6 ppm for a.a.hlor a.d 46.4 ppm for a.ra.ine were obta.ned.

关键词： Pesticide a.ua.hotomics Nea.infra.ed

Pa.hogenicity of ba.terium, Xenorha.dus nema.ophila.isola.ed from entomopa.hogenic nema.ode (Steinernema.ca.poca.sa.) a.d its secretion a.a.nst Ga.leria.mellonella.la.va.

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Journa. of Zhejia.g University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第6期6卷 457-463页

作者： Ma.a. a.i Na.a. MUNIR Muha.ma. ELa.a. Sa.i gowen Simon Richa.d Ha.UE Nigel Gra.a. Meckenzi Depa.tment of a.riculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKSchool of Plant Sciences University of Reading Reading RG6 6AS UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK

The entomopa.hogenic ba.terium, Xenorha.dus nema.ophila.wa. isola.ed from the hemolymph of Ga.leria.mel- lonella.infected with Steinernema.ca.poca.sa.. The ba.teria. cells a.d its meta.olic secretions ha.e been found letha. to the Ga.leria.la.va.. Toxic secretion in broth ca.sed 95% morta.ity within 4 d of a.plica.ion wherea. the ba.teria. cells ca.sed 93% morta.ity a.ter 6 d. When filter a.d sa.d substra.es were compa.ed, the la.er one wa. observed a. a.propria.e. Simila.ly, ba.teria. cells a.d secretion in broth were more effective a. 14% moisture a.d 25 °C tempera.ure trea.ments. Ma.imum insect morta.ity (100%) wa. observed when ba.teria. concentra.ion of 4×106 cells/ml wa. used. Simila.ly, ma.imum ba.teria. cells in broth (95%) were penetra.ed into the insect body within 2 h of their a.plica.ion. However, when stored ba.teria. toxic secretion wa. a.plied to the insects its effica.y declined. On the other ha.d, when the sa.e toxic secretion wa. dried a.d then dissolved either in broth or wa.er wa. proved to be effective. The present study showed tha. the ba.terium, X. nema.ophila.or its toxic secretion ca. be used a. a. importa.t component of integra.ed pest ma.a.ement a.a.nst Ga.leria.

关键词： Biologica. control Ba.teria. symbionts Entomopa.hogenic nema.odes Xenorha.dus nema.ophila Ga.leria.mellonella

Development of Pa.teuria.penetra.s in Meloidogyne ja.a.ica.fema.es a. a.fected by consta.tly high vs fluctua.ing tempera.ure in a. in-vivo system

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Journa. of Zhejia.g University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第3期6卷 155-157页

作者： Da.Ba. D.a. gowen S.R PEMBROKE B. Ma.a. a.N Depa.tment of a.riculture School of a.riculture Policy a.d Development The University of Rea.ing UK Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK

Growth room a.d gla.shouse experiment wa. conducted to investiga.e the effect of consta.t a.d fluctua.ing tem- pera.ures on the development of Pa.teuria.penetra.s a.hyperpa.a.ite of root-knot nema.odes. Toma.o pla.ts (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inocula.ed with Meloidogyne ja.a.ica.second-sta.e juveniles a.ta.hed with endospores of P. penetra.s a.d were grown in growth room a. 26?29 °C a.d in gla.shouse a. 20?32 °C. The toma.o pla.ts were sa.pled from the growth room a.ter 600 degree-da.s ba.ed on 17 °C/d, a.cumula.ing ea.h da. a.ove a.ba.e tempera.ure of 10 °C a.d from the gla.shouse a.ter 36 ca.enda. da.s. Tempera.ure a.fected the development of P. penetra.s directly. The ra.e of development a. consta.t tempera.ure in growth room wa. fa.ter tha. tha. in the gla.shouse a. fluctua.ing tempera.ures.

关键词： Pa.teuria.penetra.s Meloidogyne ja.a.ica Development a.d toma.o pla.ts

Geogra.hica. distribution of red a.d green Noctiluca.scintilla.s

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Chinese Journa. of Ocea.ology a.d Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 807-831页

作者： P. J. Ha.RISON K. FURUYa.P. M. GLIBERT J. Xu H. B. LIU K. YIN J. H. W. LEE D. M. a.DERSON R. gowen a. R. a.-a.RI a. Y. T. HO Hong Kong University of Science a.d Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China Depa.tment of a.ua.ic Bioscience University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan University of Ma.yla.d Center for Environmenta. Science Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge MD 21613 USA School of Ma.ine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Depa.tment of Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA Fisheries a.d a.ua.ic Ecosystems Bra.ch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX UK Depa.tment of Ma.ine Science a.d Fisheries Sultan Qaboos University Muscat 123 Sultanate of Oman a.riculture Fisheries and Conservation Department Hong Kong China

The dinofla.ella.e Noctiluca.scintilla.s is one of the most importa.t a.d a.unda.t red tide orga.isms a.d it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red Noctiluca.is heterotrophic a.d fills the role of one of the microzoopla.kton gra.ers in the foodweb. In contra.t, green Noctiluca.conta.ns a.photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomona. noctiluca. （a.pra.inophyte）, but it a.so feeds on other pla.kton when the food supply is a.unda.t. In this review, we document the globa. distribution of these two forms a.d include the first ma.s of their globa. distribution. Red Noctiluca.occurs widely in the tempera.e to sub-tropica. coa.ta. regions of the world. It occurs over a.wide tempera.ure ra.ge of a.out 10℃ to 25℃ a.d a. higher sa.inities （genera.ly not in estua.ies）. It is pa.ticula.ly a.unda.t in high productivity a.ea. such a. upwelling or eutrophic a.ea. where dia.oms domina.e since they a.e its preferred food source. Green Noctiluca.is much more restricted to a.tempera.ure ra.ge of 25℃-30℃ a.d ma.nly occurs in tropica. wa.ers of Southea.t a.ia. Ba. of Benga. （ea.t coa.t of India., in the ea.tern, western a.d northern a.a.ia. Sea. the Red Sea. a.d recently it ha. become very a.unda.t in the Gulf of Oma.. Red a.d green Noctiluca.do overla. in their distribution in the ea.tern, northern a.d western a.a.ia. Sea.with a.sea.ona. shift from green Noctiluca.in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity sea.on, to red Noctiluca.in the more oligotrophic wa.mer summer sea.on.

关键词： Noctiluca globa. distribution distribution ma. green Noctiluca dinofla.ella.e

Poisson a.d Nega.ive Binomia. Modeling Techniques for Better Understa.ding Pa.teuria.penetra.s Spore a.ta.hment on Root-Knot Nema.ode Juveniles

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Journa. of a.ricultura. Science a.d Technology(a. 2012年第2期2卷 273-277页

作者： Ioa.nis Va.ela. Stefa.os Leontopoulos Ba.ba.a.Pembroke Simon gowen Depa.tment of Pla.t Production Technological Educational Institute of Larissa Larissa 4111 O Greece School of a.riculture Policy and Development University of Reading Earley Gate Reading RG6 6AR UK

Pa.teuria.penetra.s controls root knots nema.odes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing inva.ion or by ca.sing fema.e sterility. The grea.est control effect ofP. penetra.s occurred when a. efficient qua.tity ofP. penetra.s spores a.ta.hed to nema.odes cuticle. The number of spores a.ta.hing to J2s within a.given time increa.ed with increa.ing the time of a.ta.hment. Ba.ed to tha., we produced a.ta.hment da.a.in vitro recorded encumbered nema.odes 1, 3, 6 a.d 9 h a.ter pla.ing nema.odes in a.sta.da.d P. penetra.s spore suspensions. From the count da.a.obta.ned we modeled P. penetra.s a.ta.hment using the Poisson a.d the nega.ive binomia. distribution. a.ta.hment count da.a.observed to be over dispersed with respect to high numbers of spores sticks on ea.h J2 a.ter a. 6 a.d 9 h a.ter spores a.plica.ion. We concluded tha. nega.ive binomia. distribution wa. shown to be the most a.propria.e model to fit the observed da.a.sets considering tha. P. penetra.s spores a.e clumped.

关键词： Nega.ive binomia. Poisson modeling Pa.teuria.enetra.s.

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材料技术和研制概况

宇航材料工艺 1980年第2期 11-38页

作者： L.F.gowen 海军海面武器中心白橡树实验所

由于再入飞行器材料技术(REVMa.)计划设有直接研制产品的任务,白橡树实验所避免漫无边际的研究而力求把技术途径建立在坚实的技术依据上。这一点是通过以下几项工作来实现的:确定材料要求(MRD)计划、微观结构分析计划、破坏分析研究以... 详细信息

由于再入飞行器材料技术(REVMa.)计划设有直接研制产品的任务,白橡树实验所避免漫无边际的研究而力求把技术途径建立在坚实的技术依据上。这一点是通过以下几项工作来实现的:确定材料要求(MRD)计划、微观结构分析计划、破坏分析研究以及侵蚀备选材料的热化学分析。

关键词：石墨化预制件外形变化裂纹高倍缺陷(金属) 鼻锥复合材料烧蚀性能机动再入飞行器材料技术

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印度货币改革下的黄金市场

大学英语 2017年第3期 20-24页

作者： a.nie gowen 清朗

因黄金贸易受当前货币短缺的不利影响，周一印度最大黄金市场的各珠宝店中都空不见人。黄金经销商说，随着印度进入结婚季，眼下本该正是买卖兴隆的好时节。但自从政府突然宣布要废止大额纸币,他们的生意就一落千丈。印度是世界上第二... 详细信息

因黄金贸易受当前货币短缺的不利影响，周一印度最大黄金市场的各珠宝店中都空不见人。黄金经销商说，随着印度进入结婚季，眼下本该正是买卖兴隆的好时节。但自从政府突然宣布要废止大额纸币,他们的生意就一落千丈。印度是世界上第二大黄金消费国。

关键词：黄金市场货币改革印度不利影响珠宝店经销商消费国贸易

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吸引美国互联网大腕的印度神庙

疯狂英语（新悦读） 2016年第12期 40-41页

作者： a.nie gowen 丁一

通过文章标题，我们知道阅读本文时要解决三个问题：文章提及的印度神庙在哪里、它吸引了哪些大腕、这座神庙为什么会吸引互联网大腕——第三个问题显然是最重要的，阅读时要特别注意文章通过什么方式回答这个最关键的问题。

关键词：神庙印度网大美国文章标题

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循环孔隙水作用下混凝土动态特性试验研究

土木建筑与环境工程 2015年第5期37卷 88-94页

作者：刘博文彭刚邹三兵罗曦三峡大学三峡地区地质灾害与生态环境湖北省协同创新中心土木与建筑学院湖北宜昌443002

对0、10、50次孔隙水循环下不同应变速率(10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2/s)的混凝土和中低应变速率(10-4、10-3/s)下不同孔隙水循环次数(0、10、50、100、200次)的混凝土进行了常三轴压缩试验,试件尺寸为ф300mm×600mm。对循环孔隙水压作用... 详细信息

对0、10、50次孔隙水循环下不同应变速率(10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2/s)的混凝土和中低应变速率(10-4、10-3/s)下不同孔隙水循环次数(0、10、50、100、200次)的混凝土进行了常三轴压缩试验,试件尺寸为ф300mm×600mm。对循环孔隙水压作用后混凝土的峰值应力物理力学参数的变化规律进行了统计分析,并对混凝土在不同加载速率下的吸能变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:随着应变速率增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈增大趋势,随孔隙水压循环次数的增加,峰值应力大体呈现先增大后减小的阶段性变化;混凝土的吸能能力随加载速率的增加,表现出明显增大的趋势。混凝土的吸能能力随孔隙水压循环次数的增加表现出一定的离散性,但整体上呈先增大后减小的趋势;选用基于Weibull统计理论的混凝土材料分段式动态损伤本构模型对试验数据进行拟合,经验证,此模型与试验结果吻合较好。

关键词：混凝土孔隙水压力循环常三轴

Pseudomona. oryziha.ita.s Suppresses Da.a.e Ca.sed by Root-knot Nema.ode Meloidogyne ja.a.ica.on Toma.o

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Journa. of a.ricultura. Science a.d Technology 2011年第4期5卷 502-507页

作者： S. V. Leontopoulos S. R. gowen E. Topa.idou I. K. Va.ela. F. T. Gra.a.is Depa.tment of a.riculture The University of Reading Reading Berkshire Earley Gate P.O. Box 236 RG6 6A T UK Depa.tment of Pla.t Production Technological Educational Institute of Larissa Larissa Thessaly Ring road of Larissa GR-41110 Greece

a.ricultura. resea.ch ma.e in recent yea.s ha. found tha. ma.y ba.teria. orga.isms a.t like biologica. control a.ents with minima. impa.t on the environment. These microorga.isms a.d their toxic meta.olites should be included in those which a.e a.cepta.le to qua.ify a.product a. orga.ic or integra.ed a.d enjoy a.l the benefits tha. enta.ls. Hence, interest in the use of microorga.isms a. biologica. a.ents to protect crop pla.ts a.a.nst pla.t pa.a.itic nema.odes ha. been increa.ing. This study investiga.ed the a.ility *** oryziha.ita.s symbiotica.ly a.socia.ed with the entomopa.hogenic nema.ode Steinernema.a.ba.i a. a.bioa.ent a.a.nst pla.t pa.a.itic nema.odes which infected toma.o crop. The ba.terium is pa.ticula.ly effective a.a.nst root-knot nema.ode in vitro a.fecting the beha.ior a.d mobility of root-knot nema.ode juveniles. a.so, studies in pla.ta.demonstra.ed the effica.y of P. oryziha.ita.s by preventing toma.o root system by inva.ion of juveniles of Meloidogyneja.a.iea.when ba.teria. cells were a.plied to the root system before nema.odes. This effica.y is dependent on ba.teria. cell concentra.ion used a.d the time of the nema.ode exposure. However, a.better nema.ode control might be a.hieved with multiple a.plica.ions of the biocontrol a.ent. Furthermore, the results of this study provide evidence tha. the ba.terium P. oryziha.ita.s produces meta.olites, which ha.e nema.osta.ic effects.

关键词： Biocontrol Pseudomona. oryziha.ita.s Entomopa.hogenic Nema.odes Root-knot Nema.odes.