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PM_(2.5)and water-soluble inorganic ion concentrations decreased faster in urban than rural areas in China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 83-91页

作者： Yangyang Zhang aohan tang Chen Wang Xin Ma Yunzhe Li Wen Xu Xiaoping Xia Aihua Zheng Wenqing Li Zengguo Fang Xiufen Zhao Xianlong Peng Yuping Zhang Jian Han Lijuan Zhang Jeffrey L.Collett Jr Xuejun Liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Analysis and Testing Center Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou 350003China College of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHaerbin 150030China College of Resources and Environment Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources UseHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Resources and Environment Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

We investigated variations of PM_(2.5)and water-soluble inorganic ions chemical characteristics at nine urban and rural sites in China using ground-based *** 2015 to 2019,mean PM_(2.5)concentration across all sites decreased by 41.9μg/m~3with a decline of 46%at urban sites and 28%at rural sites,where secondary inorganic aerosol(SIAs)contributed to 21%(urban sites)and 17%(rural sites)of the decreased PM_(2.5).SIAs concentrations underwent a decline at urban locations,while sulfate(SO_(4)^(2–)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))decreased by 49.5%,31.3%and 31.6%,***,only SO_(4)^(2–)decreased at rural sites,NO_(3)^(–)increased by 21%and NH_(4)^(+)decreased *** changes contributed to an overall SIAs increase in *** molar ratios of NO_(3)^(–)to SO_(4)^(2–)and NH_(4)^(+)to SO_(4)^(2–)were observed at urban sites than rural sites,being highest in the heavily polluted *** molar ratios of NH_(3)/NH_xwere higher in 2019 than 2015 at both urban and rural sites,implying increasing NH_xremained as free NH_(3).Our observations indicated a slower transition from sulfate-driven to nitrate-driven aerosol pollution and less efficient control of NO_(x)than SO_(2)related aerosol formation in rural regions than urban ***,the common factor at urban and rural sites appears to be a combination of lower SO_(4)^(2–)levels and an increasing fraction of NO_(3)^(–)to PM_(2.5)under NH_(4)^(+)-rich *** findings imply that synchronous reduction in NO_(x)and NH_(3)emissions especially rural areas would be effective to mitigate NO_(3)^(–)-driven aerosol pollution.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Air pollutant emission Pollution mitigation

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Concentrations and isotopic characteristics of atmospheric reactive nitrogen around typical sources in Beijing,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第6期8卷 910-920页

作者： LIU Jieyun ZHANG Ying LIU Xuejun tang aohan QIU Husen ZHANG Fusuo Center for Resources Environment and Food SecurityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationCollege of Resources & Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University School of Environment and Surveying Engineering Suzhou University Changsha Research Station for Agricultural Environment Monitoring & Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences

With rapid economic growth in China, anthropogenic reactive nitrogen （Nr） emissions have more than doubled over the last two or three decades. Atmospheric Nr pollution is an environmental concern in China especially in megacities such as Beijing. In order to identify the impact of emission sources on atmospheric Nr pollution, we measured atmospheric Nr concentrations and their isotopic composition （δ15N） dynamics at three typical sites： landfill, pig farm and road traffic sites in Beijing from April 2010 to March 2011. Passive samplers were used for monitoring ammonia （NH3） and nitrogen dioxide （NO2）, two major Nr species, while their δ15N values were measured by a diffusion method combined with mass spectrometer approach. The raw water pool of the landfill and fattening house of the pig farm were important NH3 sources with mean NH3 concentrations being 2,829 and 2,369 μg/m3, respectively, while the road traffic site was a minor NH3 source （10.6 μg/m3）. NH3 concentrations at sites besides the landfill and roads were high in summer and low in winter due to the annual variation of temperature and the change of emission source intensity. In contrast, the NH3 concentrations inside the pig farm house were high in winter and low in summer, for the barn windows were open in summer and closed in winter. The mean NO2 concentrations were 89.8, 32.9 and 23.0 μg/m3 at the road traffic, the landfill and pig farm sites, respectively. Due to vehicle fuel combustion, NO2 concentration at the road traffic was the highest among the three sources, and the road traffic was a main NO2 emission source. PM10, pNH4＊ and pNO3- concentrations in particulate matter were higher in summer than in winter （except PM10 for the pig farm）. The δ15NH3 values ranged from -19.14‰ to 7.82‰, with an average of-0.05‰ for the landfill site, and the lowest values were observed in June and July. The δ15NH3 values for the pig farm site ranged from -29.78‰ to-14.05‰ with an average of-24.51‰, and the 515NH3 va

关键词： atmospheric reactive N pollution emission sources NH3 NO2 particulate matter

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Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第6期9卷 810-822页

作者： ZHANG Yibo XU Wen WEN Zhang WANG Dandan HAO Tianxiang tang aohan LIU Xuejun College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Due to increasing global demand for crop production and energy use, more and more reactive nitrogen（Nr） has been generated and emitted to the environment. As a result, global atmospheric nitrogen（N） deposition has tripled since the industrial revolution and the ecological environment and human health have been harmed. In this study, we measured dry and wet/bulk N deposition from July 2013 to December 2015 in a semi-arid grassland of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, China. The samples of dry and wet/bulk N deposition were collected monthly with a DELTA（DEnuder for Long Term Atmospheric sampling） system and with Gradko passive samplers and a precipitation gauge. The measured results show that the annual mean concentrations of NH_3, NO_2, HNO_3, particulate NH_4~＋（pNH_4~＋） and particulate NO_3^-（pNO_3^-） in atmosphere were 2.33, 1.90, 0.18, 1.42 and 0.42 μg N/m3, respectively, and that the annual mean volume-weighted concentrations of NH_4~＋-N and NO_3^--N in precipitation were 2.71 and 1.99 mg N/L, respectively. The concentrations of Nr components（including NH_3, NO_2, HNO_3, p NH_4~＋, pNO_3^-, NH_4~＋-N and NO_3^--N） exhibited different seasonal variations. Specifically, NO_2 and HNO_3 exhibited higher concentrations in autumn than in summer, while the other Nr components（NH_3, pNH_4~＋, pNO_3^-, NH_4~＋-N and NO_3^--N） showed the highest values in summer. Based on measured concentrations of Nr components and their deposition velocities estimated using the GEOS-Chem global atmospheric chemical transport model, the calculated annual mean dry deposition fluxes were 3.17, 1.13, 0.63, 0.91 and 0.36 kg N/（hm^2·a） for NH_3, NO_2, HNO_3, p NH_4~＋ and pNO_3^-, respectively, and the calculated annual mean wet/bulk deposition fluxes were 5.37 and 3.15 kg N/（hm^2·a） for NH_4~＋-N and NO_3^--N, respectively. The estimated annual N deposition（including dry N deposition and wet/bulk N deposition） reached 14.7 kg N/（hm^2·a） in grassland of Duolun County, approaching to the upper limit of

关键词： atmospheric reactive nitrogen dry deposition wet/bulk deposition reduced nitrogen grassland ecosystem Inner Mongolia

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Cadmium pollution from phosphate fertilizers in arable soils and crops:an overview

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第4期6卷 419-430页

作者： Andrea Giovanna NINO-SAVALA Zhong ZHUANG Xin MA Andreas FANGMEIER Huafen LI aohan tang Xuejun LIU Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The application of mineral and organic phosphorus fertilizers to arable land has greatly increased crop yield to meet the world food *** the other hand,impurities in these fertilizers,such as heavy metals,are being added to agricultural soils,resulting both from the raw materials themselves and the processes used to obtain the final ***,a non-essential and toxic heavy metal,has been found in relatively high amounts in common P fertilizers obtained from *** metal poses a high risk for soil fertility,crop cultivation,and plants in ***,human health might be compromised by the cadmium concentrations in agricultural and livestock products,due to the bioaccumulation effect in the food *** accumulation in the different matrixes is the result of the high mobility and flexible availability of this harmful *** review summarizes risks to human health,the factors influencing cadmium movement in soils and crop uptake,as well as common plant responses to its *** addition,it summarizes cadmium balances in soils,trends,long-term experiments,and further *** inputs and outputs in arable soil,together with their calculated concentrations,are compared between two different regions:the European countries(in particular Germany)and *** comparison appears useful because of the different proportions in the inputs and outputs of cadmium,and the diverse geographical,environmental and social ***,these variables and their influences on cadmium contamination improve the understanding of the pollution from phosphate fertilizers and will help to establish future mitigation policies.

关键词： soil pollution arable land crop production cadmium balance P fertilizer cadmium toxicity

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大气环境中二甲基硫的研究进展

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中国农业大学学报 2021年第10期26卷 164-174页

作者：李云哲唐傲寒刘学军农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室/资源与环境学院中国农业大学北京100193

二甲基硫(DMS)作为大气环境中较为活跃的有机硫气体,是全球硫循环的主要驱动成分,并在气候变化中产生重要的负温室效应。本研究整理、归纳了大气环境中DMS的国内外研究进展,并以Web of Science为数据库,分别以"dimethyl sulfide"和"air"... 详细信息

二甲基硫(DMS)作为大气环境中较为活跃的有机硫气体,是全球硫循环的主要驱动成分,并在气候变化中产生重要的负温室效应。本研究整理、归纳了大气环境中DMS的国内外研究进展,并以Web of Science为数据库,分别以"dimethyl sulfide"和"air","dimethyl sulfide"和"atmosphere","dimethyl sulfide"和"atmospheric"为关键词,搜索1900-2020年国内外发表的文献,并运用文献计量学的方法对1997篇文献进行研究动态分析,结果表明:1)已有研究主要集中在海洋浮游植物和细菌产DMS的过程、全球DMS海、气通量的模型估算、大气中DMS的消除途径及其氧化产物的辐射效应等问题上;2)全球变暖的趋势下,对DMS海洋源响应过程的关注度逐渐提高;3)非海洋地区DMS的来源及排放量认识尚不全面,且随着社会经济的发展,以往的研究有可能低估DMS非海洋源的贡献及其环境影响。探究全球气候变暖对DMS释放过程的影响及量化分析DMS非海洋源的贡献,是未来深入探究的方向。

关键词：二甲基硫环境影响来源文献计量学

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不同生物炭施入对酸性紫色土有机碳矿化特征的影响

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四川农业大学学报 2023年第1期41卷 111-118页

作者：汤奥涵肖怡鲜昕金芮民龙思帆陈玉蓝李冰王昌全四川农业大学资源学院成都611130 四川省林业科学研究院成都610081 四川省烟草公司凉山州公司四川西昌615000

【目的】探究不同生物质来源制备的生物炭材料对酸性紫色土有机碳矿化的影响,为生物炭的合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】选取玉米秸秆、鸡蛋壳和紫茎泽兰为原料制备生物炭,分析不同生物炭理化特性差异,通过室内恒温培养试验研究生物炭... 详细信息

【目的】探究不同生物质来源制备的生物炭材料对酸性紫色土有机碳矿化的影响,为生物炭的合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】选取玉米秸秆、鸡蛋壳和紫茎泽兰为原料制备生物炭,分析不同生物炭理化特性差异,通过室内恒温培养试验研究生物炭施入对酸性紫色土有机碳矿化量、矿化速率、激发效应及CO_(2)释放等的影响。【结果】紫茎泽兰、玉米秸秆生物炭比表面积、孔隙度大于鸡蛋壳生物炭;鸡蛋壳生物炭C、H含量最低,C/H含量占比最高,达到79.33%,稳定态碳含量占比最大,可达86.03%。生物炭施入均能增加土壤总有机碳含量,且其增幅随培养时间延长呈下降趋势;生物炭施入促进了土壤呼吸,产生正激发效应,但有机碳矿化率增幅随培养时间延长而下降,最终降至25 mg/(kg·d)左右,以鸡蛋壳生物炭处理的土壤有机碳矿化速率下降趋势尤为明显。【结论】添加玉米秸秆和紫茎泽兰生物炭后,土壤总有机碳增幅远大于鸡蛋壳生物炭处理,固碳作用强;添加鸡蛋壳生物炭后,土壤有机碳矿化速率最大,土壤碳库稳定作用弱,相较于秸秆类(玉米秸秆和紫茎泽兰)生物炭处理,不利于固碳减排。

关键词：酸性紫色土生物炭有机碳矿化激发效应固碳减排

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成都市老旧小区适老化改造对策研究

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建筑科技 2024年第6期8卷 1-5,9页

作者：罗益黄群艺梅傲寒唐静西南交通大学四川成都610000 成都建工第七建筑工程有限公司四川成都610000

为探索解决人口和社区人居环境“双重老化”问题,在国家推行居家养老模式背景下,通过现场采集照片与问卷调查,对成都市5个主城区代表性老旧小区进行基础数据采集,总结老旧小区现状,探究老年居民在建筑、基础设施、公共与服务设施等方面... 详细信息

为探索解决人口和社区人居环境“双重老化”问题,在国家推行居家养老模式背景下,通过现场采集照片与问卷调查,对成都市5个主城区代表性老旧小区进行基础数据采集,总结老旧小区现状,探究老年居民在建筑、基础设施、公共与服务设施等方面的重要改造需求,并提出针对性的改造对策,以期为成都市老旧小区改造的设计、施工与维护等方面提供依据。

关键词：老旧小区适老化现场调研改造需求问卷调查

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不同排放源周边大气环境中NH_3浓度动态

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生态学报 2013年第23期33卷 7537-7544页

作者：刘杰云况福虹唐傲寒沈健林王国安孟令敏刘学军中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙410125 山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041

2010年4月—2011年3月利用ALPHA被动采样器,研究了北京市不同排放源附近NH3浓度的时空变异及其在大气环境保护中的启示。结果表明:大气中NH3的年均浓度可以分为3个层次,以养殖场猪舍内(2479μg/m3)和垃圾填埋场的原水调节池(2801μg/m3... 详细信息

2010年4月—2011年3月利用ALPHA被动采样器,研究了北京市不同排放源附近NH3浓度的时空变异及其在大气环境保护中的启示。结果表明:大气中NH3的年均浓度可以分为3个层次,以养殖场猪舍内(2479μg/m3)和垃圾填埋场的原水调节池(2801μg/m3)浓度最高;其次为养殖场粪水池边(205μg/m3)和垃圾填埋场厌氧换热工房(198μg/m3),而交通源附近的公路边(15.2μg/m3)、垃圾填埋场办公区(11.1μg/m3)和远郊农田(7.8μg/m3)浓度相对最低。受垃圾组成,温度及降水的影响,垃圾填埋场原水调节池的NH3浓度变化较大,最高浓度(137μg/m3)和最低浓度(6581μg/m3)相差达47倍以上。养殖场猪舍内NH3浓度受温度及窗户开闭的影响,表现出冬季高,夏季低的变化趋势,而猪舍外粪池边则相反。交通源附近由于受高浓度的颗粒物含量和温度影响,NH3浓度表现出夏季高、冬季低的变化规律。农田受施肥和温度的影响,也表现出夏季高、冬季低的季节变化。从大气浓度推断,单位面积猪舍和填埋场原水调节池NH3排放量远高于施肥农田,均为NH3的重要排放源。另外,交通源附近(公路边)的NH3浓度几乎为远郊农田的两倍,提醒人们在关注机动车尾气造成NO x污染的同时,也应重视其NH3排放所致的大气污染,后者与机动车普遍安装的尾气后处理装置(三元催化器)有关。

关键词： NH3养殖场垃圾填埋场交通源农田

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农业氨减排对大气PM_(2.5)污染治理日趋重要

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Science Bulletin 2022年第17期67卷 1745-1749页

作者：许稳赵园红温章常运华潘月鹏孙业乐马昕沙志鹏李紫玥康嘉慧刘磊唐傲寒王锴张颖郭怡鑫张霖盛立芳张秀明谷保静宋宇 Martin Van Damme Lieven Clarisse Pierre-Francois Coheur Jeffrey L.Collett Jr Keith Goulding 张福锁贺克斌刘学军 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationNational Observation and Research tation of Agriculture Green Development(QuzhouHebei)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Desasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 200433China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Agriculture and Food the University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Universitélibre de Bruxelles SpectroscopyQuantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote SensingBrusselsBelgium Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

在新冠肺炎疫情期间,中国采取的管制封锁措施大幅减少了交通和工业排放,但农业排放没有受到影响,甚至有所增加.通过全国大气氨浓度地面监测、实时连续观测和卫星观测等手段,我们发现,新冠肺炎疫情管制措施实施期间中国大气氨浓度大范围... 详细信息

在新冠肺炎疫情期间,中国采取的管制封锁措施大幅减少了交通和工业排放,但农业排放没有受到影响,甚至有所增加.通过全国大气氨浓度地面监测、实时连续观测和卫星观测等手段,我们发现,新冠肺炎疫情管制措施实施期间中国大气氨浓度大范围显著增加,上升幅度在农村地区最为明显(增加22%),在城市和偏远地区变化不明显;而且,管控期间大气氨浓度上升幅度与2015~2019年相同月份相比更大.基于大气化学模式模拟发现,中国北方大气氨浓度上升主要是由农业氨排放增加所致.随着未来我国二氧化硫和氮氧化物等酸性气体排放控制的强化,农业氨排放的协同减排对于进一步削减大气PM污染、提升空气质量尤为重要.进一步分析表明,疫情期间50%农业氨排放可有效抵消氨浓度上升造成的二次无机气溶胶的形成.

关键词：管制措施工业排放污染治理地面监测空气质量卫星观测 PM 偏远地区

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中医湿候论之三类九性篇

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中华中医药杂志 2024年第5期39卷 2236-2239页

作者：王博文裴紫娟梅莎莎马丹郝傲寒杨晓林宋凡李矜姚樊讯陶春晖周姝含宋恩峰湖北中医药大学武汉430061 武汉大学人民医院中医科武汉430060

通过归纳整理中医之“湿”,探讨湿类三分与湿邪九性,以期探析中医湿候论,指导临证,提供参考。水为万物之元,而湿之质实为水,故有水必有湿。湿候之论,风起内经,伤寒明法,传至唐明,诸家医略,必有湿论一篇,是即湿论传而百姓知,故今时之人... 详细信息

通过归纳整理中医之“湿”,探讨湿类三分与湿邪九性,以期探析中医湿候论,指导临证,提供参考。水为万物之元,而湿之质实为水,故有水必有湿。湿候之论,风起内经,伤寒明法,传至唐明,诸家医略,必有湿论一篇,是即湿论传而百姓知,故今时之人皆知“湿气”致病,而莫知燥暑。今拟从湿义源始、因机考略糅析湿邪,整理湿邪内外表里、气血精津、时令伏气划类三分;且湿家百性,名家各述一端,从湿论百篇中糅并缕析,归纳湿分九性:易感、隐匿、重滞、蒙上、滞中、趋下、兼邪、泛变、流溢。

关键词：湿湿邪湿气湿候失运留滞

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