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Zero-shot Fine-grained Classification by Deep Feature Learning with Semantics

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第5期16卷 563-574页

作者： ao-Xue li Ke-Xin Zhang li-Wei Wang The Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (MOE) School of Electronics Engineering and Computer SciencePeking University

Fine-grained image classification, which aims to distinguish images with subtle distinctions, is a challenging task for two main reasons: lack of sufficient training data for every class and difficulty in learning discriminative features for representation. In this paper, to address the two issues, we propose a two-phase framework for recognizing images from unseen fine-grained classes, i.e., zeroshot fine-grained classification. In the first feature learning phase, we finetune deep convolutional neural networks using hierarchical semantic structure among fine-grained classes to extract discriminative deep visual features. Meanwhile, a domain adaptation structure is induced into deep convolutional neural networks to avoid domain shift from training data to test data. In the second label inference phase, a semantic directed graph is constructed over attributes of fine-grained classes. Based on this graph, we develop a label propagation algorithm to infer the labels of images in the unseen classes. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot learning models. In addition, the features obtained by our feature learning model also yield significant gains when they are used by other zero-shot learning models, which shows the flexility of our model in zero-shot finegrained classification.

关键词： Fine-grained image classification zero-shot learning deep feature learning domain adaptation semantic graph

Understanding the multidimensional poverty in South Asia

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第10期32卷 2053-2068页

作者： li Yuheng JIN Qihui li ao CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Economics and Management Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

Special attention needs to be paid to achieve the world’s poverty reduction goal by 2030 in less than ten-year *** paper aims to investigate the multidimensional poverty in South Asia in the period *** constructs the Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI)by selecting ten indicators in the fields of health,education and living *** research results show that the MPI of South Asia decreases in the research *** people in South Asian countries are still facing several forms of deprivation while cooking fuel,sanitation,housing,nutrition and years of schooling are the main restrictive factors to poverty reduction in this ***,India and Bangladesh face the worst poverty situation in terms of health,education and living *** poverty alleviation and resilient poverty reduction are proposed in the paper to improve the poverty reduction efficiency and individual/regional capacity against risks to avoid returning to poverty.

关键词： multidimensional poverty resilient poverty reduction sustainable development goals South Asia

Efficient production of hydrogen peroxide in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells coupled with thermolytic solutions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第9期17卷 137-146页

作者： Xi Luo ao li Xue Xia Peng liang Xia Huang College of life and Environmental Sciences Minzu University of ChinaBeijing 100081China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430062China

H_(2)O_(2) was produced at an appreciable rate in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells(MRCs)coupled with thermolytic solutions,which can simultaneously capture waste heat as electrical *** determine the optimal cathode and membrane stack configurations for H_(2)O_(2) production,different catalysts,catalyst loadings and numbers of membrane cell pairs were *** black(CB)outperformed activated carbon(AC)for H_(2)O_(2) production,although AC showed higher catalytic activity for oxygen *** optimum CB loading was 10 mg/cm^(2) in terms of both the H_(2)O_(2) production rate and power *** optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three based on a tradeoff between H_(2)O_(2) production and capital costs.A H_(2)O_(2) production rate as high as 0.99±0.10 mmol/(L·h)was achieved with 10 mg/cm^(2) CB loading and 3 cell pairs,where the H_(2)O_(2) recovery efficiency was 52±2%and the maximum power density was 780±37 mW/m^(2).Increasing the number of cell pairs to five resulted in an increase in maximum power density(980±21 mW/m^(2))but showed limited effects on H_(2)O_(2) *** results indicated that MRCs can be an efficient method for sustainable H_(2)O_(2) production.

关键词： Microbial reverse-electrodialysis cell Hydrogen peroxide production Ammonium bicarbonate Electrolysis cell Optimization

DOA estimation of incoherently distributed sources using importance sampling maximum likelihood

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2022年第4期33卷 845-855页

作者： WU Tao DENG Zhenghong HU Xiaoxiang li ao XU Jiwei School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Equipment Management and UAV College Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710051China School of Information Engineering Xi’an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi’an 710061China

In this paper, an importance sampling maximum likelihood(ISML) estimator for direction-of-arrival(DOA) of incoherently distributed(ID) sources is proposed. Starting from the maximum likelihood estimation description of the uniform linear array(ULA), a decoupled concentrated likelihood function(CLF) is presented. A new objective function based on CLF which can obtain a closed-form solution of global maximum is constructed according to Pincus theorem. To obtain the optimal value of the objective function which is a complex high-dimensional integral,we propose an importance sampling approach based on Monte Carlo random calculation. Next, an importance function is derived, which can simplify the problem of generating random vector from a high-dimensional probability density function(PDF) to generate random variable from a one-dimensional PDF. Compared with the existing maximum likelihood(ML) algorithms for DOA estimation of ID sources, the proposed algorithm does not require initial estimates, and its performance is closer to CramerRao lower bound(CRLB). The proposed algorithm performs better than the existing methods when the interval between sources to be estimated is small and in low signal to noise ratio(SNR)scenarios.

关键词： direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation incoherently distributed(ID)sources importance sampling maximum likelihood(ISML) Monte Carlo random calculation

Institutional Correction of Mediation under the View of Transformation:Taking the People’s Mediation as an Example

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学术界 2019年第12期 185-193页

作者： li ao Jin Shen School of Law Wuhan University

Under the dual driven forces of soaring disputes and national policy,the dispute resolution ecosystem of China showed the mediation centralism,and the revival of mediation presented the characteristics of adversary *** order to comply with the modern rule of law system,the traditional mediation is incorporated into the modern legal system through the three-level transformation of"discipline of laws","introduction of procedures"and"specialized cultivation",which was promoted by the popularity of social governance,the input of the idea of diversified solutions and the pragmatic impetus under the pressure of social *** mediation movement has the characteristics of both consciousness of pragmatism and the initial legalization,but will also face the mediation *** remodeling of mediation must be rooted in systematization and *** development trend includes expansion of fields,symbiosis of autonomy and specialization,and mandatory introduction.

关键词： mediation people's mediation transformation correction improvement

Transformation toughening of Al_2O_3/ZrO_2 laminated ceramics with residual compressive stress

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2007年第5期14卷 449-453页

作者： Bei Chen Chuan Cheng Lan Xiong li-ao Wang Key Lab of High Voltage Engineering and Electrical New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Institute of Resource and Environment Science Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China

With the help of scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction, the relationships of microstructure characteristics, phase assemblage, and fracture micrograph of Al2O3/ZrO2 laminated ceramics were studied. Compared with monolithic Al2O3/ZrO2 ceramics, the existence of surface compressive stresses greatly restrained the growth of ZrO2 and Al2O3 grains at high sinter temperature, fined the grain size, and increased the content of metastable t-ZrO2, which made the fracture transformation energy quantity 70% higher than that of the monolithic ceramics. The trans-granular and inter-granular fracture features were observed in the surface and center layers, which further verified that transformation toughening is the main mechanism, whereas, micro-crack toughening is helpful for enhancing fracture toughness.

关键词： laminated ceramics transformation toughening fracture micrograph grain size surface compressive stress

Advanced data analytics for enhancing building performances: From data-driven to big data-driven approaches

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Building Simulation 2021年第1期14卷 3-24页

作者： Cheng Fan Da Yan Fu Xiao ao li Jingjing An Xuyuan Kang Sino-Australia Joint Research Center in BIM and Smart Construction College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Building Energy Research Center School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijingChina

Buildings have a significant impact on global *** the past decades,a wide variety of studies have been conducted throughout the building lifecycle for improving the building ***-driven approach has been widely adopted owing to less detailed building information required and high computational efficiency for online *** advances in information technologies and data science have enabled convenient access,storage,and analysis of massive on-site measurements,bringing about a new big-data-driven research *** paper presents a critical review of data-driven methods,particularly those methods based on larger datasets,for building energy modeling and their practical applications for improving building *** paper is organized based on the four essential phases of big-data-driven modeling,i.e.,data preprocessing,model development,knowledge post-processing,and practical applications throughout the building *** data analysis and application methods have been summarized and compared at each stage,based upon which in-depth discussions and future research directions have been *** review demonstrates that the insights obtained from big building data can be extremely helpful for enriching the existing knowledge repository regarding building energy ***,considering the ever-increasing development of smart buildings and IoT-driven smart cities,the big data-driven research paradigm will become an essential supplement to existing scientific research methods in the building sector.

关键词： advanced data analytics big-data-driven building energy modeling building operational data building performance

Incombustible solid polymer electrolytes:A critical review and perspective

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 264-281,I0007页

作者： Kai Wu Jin Tan Zhenfang liu Chenguang Bao ao li Qi liu Baohua li College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 413000HunanChina Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 055GuangdongChina

Since the advent of the solid-state batteries,employing solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)to replace routine flammable liquid electrolytes is regarded to be one of the most promising solutions in pursing highenergy-density battery *** with superior thermal stability,good processability,and high mechanical modulus obtain increasing ***,SPE-based batteries are not impenetrable due to their decomposition and combustibility under extreme *** believe incorporating appropriate flame-retardant additives/solvents/fragments into SPEs can intrinsically reduce their flammability to solve the battery safety *** this review,the recent research progress of incombustible SPEs,with special emphasis on flame-retardant structural design,is ***,a brief introduction of flame-retardant mechanism,evaluation index for safety of SPEs,and a detailed overview of the latest advances on diverse-types SPEs in various battery systems are *** deep insight into thermal ru naway process,the free-standing incombustible GPEs,and the ratio nal design of pouch cell structures may be the main directions to motivate revolutionary next-generation for safety batteries.

关键词： Non-flammable electrolyte Solid polymer electrolyte High safety electrolyte Solid state electrolyte Solid state battery

Evolution mechanism and quantitative characterization of initial micro-cracks in marble under triaxial compression

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第7期25卷 586-595页

作者： Zhiliang WANG Songyu li Jianguo WANG ao li Weixiang WANG Chenchen FENG Jingjing FU School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

The initial micro-cracks affect the evolution characteristics of macroscopic deformation and failure of rock but are often ignored in theoretical calculation,numerical simulation,and mechanical *** this study,we propose a quantitative analysis model to investigate the effects of initial micro-cracks on the evolution of marble deformation and *** relationship between the micro-crack propagation and the marble failure characteristics was comprehensively studied by combining theoretical analysis with a micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)scanning *** found that with the increase of confining pressure,the matrix elastic modulus of the marble first increased and then tended to be stable,while the micro-cracks increased *** sensitivity ranges of the marble sample matrix elastic modulus and micro-cracks to confining pressure were 0–30 MPa and 30–50 MPa,*** porosity and Poisson’s ratio decreased *** increasing proportion of internal micro-cracks led to an increase in the sample *** samples presented mainly shear failure under triaxial compression,and the failure angle decreased linearly with the increase of confining *** convergence direction of cracks decreased *** quantitative analysis model could accurately portray the relationship between the overall macroscopic deformation and the deviatoric stress of the samples at the compaction and the linear elastic stages,thus deepening the understanding of the stress–strain behavior of rocks.

关键词： Marble Initial micro-cracks Triaxial compression Constitutive relationship Crack evolution