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High-efficiency CNT-Si solar cells based on a collaborative system enabled by oxide penetration

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2497-2504页

作者： Xuewei Zhao Wenjing Xu Yizeng Wu Huaisheng Wu Zhiyuan Xia Huiyi Xu Yuanyuan Shang Jinquan Wei anyuan cao School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Carbon nanotube-silicon(CNT-Si)solar cells represent one of the alternative photovoltaic techniques with potential for low cost and high efficiency.Here,we report a method to improve solar cell performance by depositing conventional transitional metal oxides such as WO_(3)and establishing a collaborative system,in which CNTs are well-embedded within the WO_(3)layer and both of them are in close contact to Si substrate.This unique collaborative system optimizes the overall energy conversion process including the light absorption(antireflection by WO_(3)),carrier separation(forming quasi p-n junction)and charge collection(CNT conductive network throughout the oxide layer).Combining with our previous TiO_(2)-coating and HNO_(3)-doping techniques,a solar cell efficiency of>18%at an active area of 0.09 cm 2(air mass 1.5,100 mW/cm^(2))was achieved.The oxide-enhanced CNT-Si solar cells which integrate the advantages of traditional semiconductors and novel nanostructures represent a promising route toward next-generation high-performance silicon-based photovoltaics.

关键词： carbon nanotube-silicon(CNT-Si)solar cell high-efficiency WO_(3) collaborative system

Direct stamping multifunctional tactile sensor for pressure and temperature sensing

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3614-3620页

作者： Binghao Liang Bingfang Huang Junkai He Rongliang Yang Chengchun Zhao Bo-Ru Yang anyuan cao Zikang Tang Xuchun Gui State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacaoChina

Flexible and wearable sensors have broad application prospects in health monitoring and artificial intelligence.Many different single-functional sensing devices have been developed in recent years,such as pressure sensors and temperature sensors.However,it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate tactile sensors with multiple sensing functions.Herein,we propose a simple direct stamping method for the fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors.It can detect pressure and temperature stimuli signals simultaneously.This pressure/temperature sensor possesses high sensitivity(0.67 kPa^(-1)),large linear range(0.75-5 kPa),and fast response speed(15.6 ms)in pressure sensing.It also has a high temperature sensitivity(1.41%/℃)and great linearity(0.99)for temperature sensing in the range of-30 to 30℃.All these excellent performances indicate that this pressure/temperature sensor has great potential in applications for artificial intelligence and health monitoring.

关键词： pressure sensing temperature sensing carbon nanotube direct stamping

Conductive hydrogels incorporating carbon nanoparticles:A review of synthesis,performance and applications

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Particuology 2023年第12期83卷 212-231页

作者： Shipeng Zhang Bo Zhao Ding Zhang Mengdan Yang Xinguang Huang Lei Han Kun Chen Xinjian Li Rui Pang Yuanyuan Shang anyuan cao Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

As one of the most rapidly expanding materials,hydrogels have gained increasing attention in a variety of fields due to their biocompatibility,degradability and hydrophilic properties,as well as their remarkable adhesion and stretchability to adapt to different surfaces.Hydrogels combined with carbon-based materials possess enhanced properties and new functionalities,in particular,conductive hydrogels have become a new area of research in the field of materials science.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and up-to-date examination of recent developments in the synthesis,properties and applications of conductive hydrogels incorporating several typical carbon nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon dots and carbon nanofibers.We summarize key techniques and mechanisms for synthesizing various composite hydrogels with exceptional properties,and represented applications such as wearable sensors,temperature sensors,supercapacitors and human-computer interaction reported recently.The mechanical,electrical and sensing properties of carbon nanoparticles conductive hydrogels are thoroughly analyzed to disclose the role of carbon nanoparticles in these hydrogels and key factors in the microstructure.Finally,future development of conductive hydrogels based on carbon nanoparticles is discussed including the challenges and possible solutions in terms of microstructure optimization,mechanical and other properties,and promising applications in wearable electronics and multifunctional materials.

关键词： Conductive hydrogels Carbon nanoparticles Synthesis Performance and applications

Mechanical force-induced assembly of one-dimensional nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1191-1204页

作者： Shiting Wu Yuanyuan Shang anyuan cao College of Materials&Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

There have been intensive and continuous research efforts in large-scale controlled assembly of one-dimensional(1D)nanomaterials,since this is the most effective and promising route toward advanced functional systems including integrated nano-circuits and flexible electronic devices.To date,numerous assembly approaches have been reported,showing considerable progresses in developing a variety of 1D nanomaterial assemblies and integrated systems with outstanding performance.However,obstacles and challenges remain ahead.Here,in this review,we summarize most widely studied assembly approaches such as Langmuir-Blodgett technique,substrate release/stretching,substrate rubbing and blown bubble films,depending on three types of external forces:compressive,tensile and shear forces.We highlight the important roles of these mechanical forces in aligning 1D nanomaterials such as semiconducting nanowires and carbon nanotubes,and discuss each approach on their effectiveness in achieving high-degree alignment,distinct characteristics and major limitations.Finally,we point out possible research directions in this field including rational control on the orientation,density and registration,toward scale-up and cost-effective manufacturing,as well as novel assembled systems based on 1D heterojunctions and hybrid structures.

关键词： one-dimensional(1D)nanomaterials assembly compressive force tensile force shear force

A GQD-based composite film as photon down-converter in CNT/Si solar cells

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 3893-3899页

作者： Xuewei Zhao Yizeng Wu Zhiyuan Xia Shulong Chang Yuanyuan Shang anyuan cao School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have unique quantum confinement effects, tunable bandgap and luminescence property, with a wide range of potential applications such as optoelectronic and biomedical areas. However, GQDs usually have a strong tendency toward aggregation especially in making solid films, which will degrade their optoelectronic properties, for example, causing undesired fluorescence quenching. Here, we designed a composite film by embedding GQDs in a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) matrix through hydrogen bonding with well-preserved fluorescence, with a small addition of acid for compensating the poor conductivity of PVP. As a multifunctional solid coating on carbon nanotube/silicon (CNT/Si) solar cells, the photon down-conversion by GQDs and the PVP anti-reflection layer for visible light lead to enhanced external quantum efficiency (by 12.34% in the ultraviolet (UV) range) and cell efficiency (up to 14.94%). Such advanced optical managing enabled by low-cost, carbon-based quantum dots, as demonstrated in our results, can be applied to more versatile optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices based on perovskites, organic and other materials.

关键词： graphene quantum dots polyvinyl pyrrolidone energy-down-shift external quantum efficiency CNT/Si solar cells

Analysis of photoluminescence behavior of high-quality single-layer MoS2

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Nano Research 2019年第7期12卷 1619-1624页

作者： Lu Xu Liyun Zhao Yunsong Wang Mingchu Zou Qing Zhang anyuan cao Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The ability to tailor and enhance photoluminescence (PL) behavior in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is significant for pursuing optoelectronic applications.To achieve this,it has been essential to obtain high-quality single-layer MoS2 and fully explore its intrinsic PL performance.Here,we fabricate single-layer MoS2 by a thermal vapor sulfurization method in which a pre-deposited molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin film is sulfurized over a short period (for several minutes) to turn into MoS2.These as-grown MoS2 crystals show quite strong PL,which is about one order of magnitude higher than that of chemical-vapor-deposited MoS2.Temperature- and power-dependent spectroscopy measurements disclose the apparent influence of sulfur (S) vacancies on the PL behavior and the noticeable free-to-bound exciton recombinations in the luminescence process.The fact that PL intensity of the sample in vacuum sharply lowered down relative to in air reveals that the high PL is facilitated by molecular adsorption on S vacancies in air.And multi-channel decay processes coupled with S vacancies are revealed in the time-resolved PL spectroscopy.In our work,single-layer MoS2 with high PL is synthesized and its defect-induced PL features are analyzed,which is of great importance for developing advanced nano-electronics and optoelectronics based on 2D structures.

关键词： MoS2 photoluminescence thermal vapor sulfurization S vacancy

Improving CNT-Si solar cells by metal chloride-to-oxide transformation

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Nano Research 2020年第2期13卷 543-550页

作者： Huaisheng Wu Xuewei Zhao Yizeng Wu Qinghuan Ji Linxiu Dai Yuanyuan Shang anyuan cao Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physical and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

Transitional metal oxides(TMOs)are important functional materials in silicon-based and thin-film optoelectronics.Here,TMOs areapplied in carbon nanotube(CNT)-Si solar cells by spin-coating solutions of metal chlorides that undergo favorable transformation in ambient conditions.An unconventional change in solar cell behavior is observed after coating two particular chlorides(MoCl,and WCls,respectively),characterized by an initial severe degradation followed by gradual recovery and then well surpassing the original performance.Detailed analysis reveals that the formation of correspondina oxides(MoOa and WO.)enables two primary functions on both CNTs(p-type doping)and Si(inducing inversion layer),leading to significant improvement in open-circuit voltage and fill factor,with power conversion efficiencies up to 13.0%(MoOg)and 13.4%(WOg).Further combining with other chlorides to increase the short-circuit current,ultimate cells efficiencies achieve>16%with over 90%retention after 24 h,which are among the highes stable efficiencies reported for CNT-Si solar cells.The transformation of functional layers as demonstrated here has profoundinfluence on the device characteristics,and represents a potential strategy in low-cost manufacturing of next-generation high efficiency photovoltaics.

关键词： carbon nanotube(CNT)-Si solar cell chloride to oxide transformation MoO3 and WO3 inversion layer

Direct fabrication of carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid films by a blown bubble method

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Nano Research 2015年第5期8卷 1746-1754页

作者： Shiting Wu Enzheng Shi Yanbing Yang Wenjing Xu Xinyang Li anyuan cao Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

有 graphene 的碳 nanotubes (CNT ) 的杂交提供集成两材料的属性的一个有希望的工具，从而创新的普遍申请。这里，我们在场直接由一个吹的水泡方法装配混合 CNT-graphene 电影的一个方法与选择底层退火结合了。我们把 polymethylmethac... 详细信息

有 graphene 的碳 nanotubes (CNT ) 的杂交提供集成两材料的属性的一个有希望的工具，从而创新的普遍申请。这里，我们在场直接由一个吹的水泡方法装配混合 CNT-graphene 电影的一个方法与选择底层退火结合了。我们把 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA ) 用作聚合矩阵吹包含自我装配的多围的 CNT 数组的水泡，然后由在 Cu 底层上的热退火把水泡电影转变成一部 CNT-graphene 混合电影；PMMA 为在 CNT 网络之中对很少层 graphene 变得单个直到担任碳来源一连续地， hybridized 结构被形成。比作赤裸(non-hybridized ) CNT 联网，混合电影展览改进了电的电导率和结构的完整。我们的方法也启用一节多围的 CNT-Si 太阳能电池的制造，它有高力量变换效率，通过混合 CNT-graphene 结构的集会。

关键词：混合薄膜碳纳米管石墨泡法聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯结构完整性功率转换效率 NT网络

High-performance Li-ion batteries based on graphene quantum dot wrapped carbon nanotube hybrid anodes

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 1044-1052页

作者： Xuewei Zhao Yizeng Wu Yunsong Wang Huaisheng Wu Yawei Yang Zhipeng Wang Linxiu Dai Yuanyuan Shang anyuan cao Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Since Akira Yoshino first proposed the usage of the carbonaceous materials as an anode of lithium ion batteries(LIBs)in 1985,carbonaceous materials such as graphite and graphene have been widely considered as LIB anodes.Here,we explored the application of novel carbonaceous UB anodes incorporating graphene quantum dots(GQDs).We fabricated a freestanding all-carbon electrode based on a porous carbon nanotube(CNT)sponge via a facile in-situ hydrothermal deposition technique,creating coaxial structure of GQD-coated CNTs(GQD@CNTs)through electrostatic interaction and n-n stacking with tunable loading and functionalization.This hybrid structure combined conductive CNTs with highly active GQDs,in which GQDs with predesigned functional groups provided massive storage sites for Li ions and the 3D CNT frameworks avoided the agglomeration of GQDs,together contributing to a high specific capacity(700 mAh·g^-1 at 100 mA·g^-1 after 100 cycles)and rate performance.Even at a high current density of 1,000 mA·g^-1,the reversible specific capacity remained at 483 mAh g-1 after 350 cycles.In particular,the mechanism study demonstrated the important role of oxygen functional groups of GQDs in promoting the performance of the LIB anodes by controlled grafting of GQDs onto various porous-carbon and metal-foam based structures.

关键词： graphene quantum dots carbon nanotubes lithium ion batteries anodes oxygen functional groups