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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing Jun Wu Minmin Xiao fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

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神经先验增强的抗干扰鲁棒自动驾驶导航

计算机应用研究 2025年第1期42卷 111-116页

作者：穆凡刘哲上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院上海200240

自动驾驶车辆广泛依赖感知系统来进行城市导航和环境理解,然而现有研究大多局限于良好的城市驾驶环境,在恶劣天气以及外部干扰下导致的传感器故障和感知失灵等严重影响现有自动驾驶系统的实际落地。为此提出了一种基于神经先验的自动驾... 详细信息

自动驾驶车辆广泛依赖感知系统来进行城市导航和环境理解,然而现有研究大多局限于良好的城市驾驶环境,在恶劣天气以及外部干扰下导致的传感器故障和感知失灵等严重影响现有自动驾驶系统的实际落地。为此提出了一种基于神经先验的自动驾驶信息重建算法,通过对大范围自动驾驶场景的隐式建模密集地存储场景几何先验,并基于注意力机制结合隐式神经先验进行自动驾驶感知信息的鲁棒重建,最终提出一个通用的自动驾驶导航鲁棒性增强框架。在CARLA自动驾驶模拟器仿真实验中,该算法显著提升了多个现有自动驾驶模型在外部干扰下的导航性能,使自动驾驶模型在攻击和干扰下的性能衰减率从82.74%下降到了8.84%,证明了所提方法的通用性和有效性。

关键词：自动驾驶鲁棒性神经辐射场

Growth behavior and electronic regulation of Pt on various Mo-based supports for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Lulu Chen Yichao Huang Jiajun Wang Meihong Liao Zhiyuan Liu Meiqi Liu Hanqing Cai Lin Wang Lidong Gao Dawei Hu Lianming Zhao Ning Pu Zhuangjun fan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Qingdao Binhai University Qingdao Chuangqi New Energy Catalysis Technology Co.Ltd. Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.Ltd. Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center

Insight into the growth behavior and electronic regulation of platinum （Pt） on various transition metal supports is paramount in developing high-performing electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions （HER）.Herein,we studied the influence of molybdenum-based supports （MoX,X=C,N,P,and S） on the growth behavior and electronic regulation of *** found that the formation energy variations between Pt single atom and clusters on MoX supports play a pivotal role in the growth behavior of ***,the electronic regulation of Pt induced by metal-support interaction may reflect the valence changes of Pt in Pt-MoX/*** Pt-MoC/C catalyst with a moderate valence state of Pt exhibits the best HER activity with an overpotential of 12.0 mV at 10 mA cm-2and a mass activity of 27.1 A mgPt-1,12.3 times as high as that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/*** work provides constructive guidance for the design of high-performance HER catalysts.

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金属卤素钙钛矿CsPbBr3的电声耦合输运特性研究

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原子与分子物理学报 2025年第2期42卷 169-174页

作者：杨帆周贤中广东工业大学集成电路学院广州510006

金属卤素钙钛矿CsPbBr_(3)在发光方面(Light emitter)的优良表现吸引了许多人把它作为下一代发光、显示与量子信息的可选材料,但其关键的漂移迁移率会受到声子限制.本文将以第一性原理计算得到CsPbBr_(3)的包括极性光学声子(Polar optic... 详细信息

金属卤素钙钛矿CsPbBr_(3)在发光方面(Light emitter)的优良表现吸引了许多人把它作为下一代发光、显示与量子信息的可选材料,但其关键的漂移迁移率会受到声子限制.本文将以第一性原理计算得到CsPbBr_(3)的包括极性光学声子(Polar optical phonon)在内的电声耦合特性,然后使用线性玻尔兹曼方程给出在电场下的解,从而得出漂移迁移率.在论文详述中会给出CsPbBr_(3)的各向异性载流子输运特性的研究,为金属卤素钙钛矿的应用提供一些必要信息.

关键词：第一性原理计算电子-声子耦合漂移迁移率

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基于IWOA-LSTM算法的预应力钢筋混凝土梁损伤识别

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江苏大学学报（自然科学版） 2025年第1期46卷 105-112,119页

作者：范旭红章立栋杨帆李青郁董凯江苏大学土木工程与力学学院江苏镇江212013 河南省公路工程局集团第二公路工程有限公司河南郑州450015 中国葛洲坝集团第二工程有限公司四川成都610091

为准确识别桥梁结构的损伤程度,制作了桥梁的关键构件——预应力钢筋混凝土梁,进行三点弯曲加载试验.收集了损伤破坏全过程的声发射(AE)信号,通过AE信号参数分析,将梁的损伤破坏过程划分为4个典型阶段.构建了长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)模... 详细信息

为准确识别桥梁结构的损伤程度,制作了桥梁的关键构件——预应力钢筋混凝土梁,进行三点弯曲加载试验.收集了损伤破坏全过程的声发射(AE)信号,通过AE信号参数分析,将梁的损伤破坏过程划分为4个典型阶段.构建了长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)模型,根据经验设置LSTM模型的超参数容易导致网络陷入局部最优而影响了分类结果,提出采用Sine混沌映射和自适应权重来改进鲸鱼优化算法(WOA),对LSTM进行超参数寻优.设计了IWOA-LSTM算法模型,训练识别试验梁各损伤阶段的AE信号特征参数.定型网络结构,并识别同种工况下其他梁的AE信号.结果表明:IWOA-LSTM算法模型识别准确率均超过或接近92%,相较于普通LSTM模型,IWOA-LSTM模型识别准确率提高了约7%.

关键词：预应力钢筋混凝土梁声发射损伤识别长短时记忆神经网络改进的鲸鱼优化算法

Synthesis of chiral phosphine derivatives through a copper（I）-catalyzed desymmetric SNAr reaction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shuai Zhang Pei-Zhi Liu Yan-Bo Li Qi Zhang Jun-Zhao Xiao Yi-fan Wang Tian-Yu Wei Jia-Wei Jiang Ye Wang Qian Peng Liang Yin Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition College of Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Nankai University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

Axially chiral phosphines are a class of extremely important ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, an unprecedented copper（I）-catalyzed asymmetric SNAr reaction with HP（S）R2is uncovered, which delivers a series of axially chiral phosphine derivatives in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the diastereoselective reaction with the kinetic resolution of racemic HP（S）ArR proceeds smoothly, providing the products with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. Control experiments indicate that HP（S）Ph2is much more active than HPPh2and HP（O）Ph2as the pronucleophile in the present reaction. It is found that the SNAr reaction （the first SNAr） proceeds in a desymmetric manner, providing the desired chiral products while a continued SNAr reaction （the second SNAr） slightly occurs in a kinetic resolution manner in the present catalytic system, which enhances the ee of the desired chiral products. DFTcalculations support a concerted reaction pathway rather than a step-wise mechanism. Finally, axially chiral olefin-phosphines produced by the present method work as suitable ligands in Pdcatalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution with C-, N-, and O-nucleophiles and Rh-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acid to benzil.

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高NO_(x)浓度低空速下SCR系统的工艺优化

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中外能源 2025年第1期30卷 97-102页

作者：樊航中国石化催化剂有限公司上海分公司上海201208

在丙烯腈催化剂的生产过程中,由于硝酸盐的高温分解,有大量高浓度的NO_(x)烟气产生。选择性催化还原法(SCR)是使还原剂氨(NH_(3))与氮氧化物反应后生成氮气(N_(2))与水(H2O)。为使NO_(x)达标排放,生产单位采用选择性催化还原法(SCR)NO_... 详细信息

在丙烯腈催化剂的生产过程中,由于硝酸盐的高温分解,有大量高浓度的NO_(x)烟气产生。选择性催化还原法(SCR)是使还原剂氨(NH_(3))与氮氧化物反应后生成氮气(N_(2))与水(H2O)。为使NO_(x)达标排放,生产单位采用选择性催化还原法(SCR)NO_(x)环保处理工艺。该工艺使用尿素[(NH2)2CO]水溶液热解取得还原剂NH_(3),相较于直接使用NH_(3)更为安全、环保。通过对丙烯腈催化剂生产装置SCR系统进行工艺条件试验,取得了在低空速工况下去除高浓度NO_(x)的优化工艺条件。试验结果表明,反应温度控制在325~335℃,入口NO_(x)浓度控制在3000μL/L以下,氨氮比保持在1.1~1.4,空速保持在620~700h^(-1)(对应尿素热解风的风量在320~370m^(3)/h),SCR系统的NO_(x)去除率保持在95%及以上且NO_(2)的去除率也保持在90%左右的高水平上。试验结果得到了实际运行的验证。在本文观察范围内,NO的去除率在各种工况下均能保持97%以上的高水平,影响NO_(x)去除率的主要因素是NO_(2)的去除率。

关键词： NOx SCR 丙烯腈催化剂空速工艺优化

Flight dynamics modeling of a small ducted fan aerial vehicle based on parameter identifcation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第6期26卷 1439-1448页

作者： Wang Zhengjie Liu Zhijun fan Ningjun Guo Meifang School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology North Institute for Science & Technical Information

This paper presents a simple and useful modeling method to acquire a dynamics model of an aerial vehicle containing unknown parameters using mechanism modeling,and then to design different identifcation experiments to identify the parameters based on the sources and features of its unknown *** on the mathematical model of the aerial vehicle acquired by modeling and identifcation,a design for the structural parameters of the attitude control system is carried out,and the results of the attitude control flaps are verifed by simulation experiments and flight tests of the aerial *** of the mathematical simulation and flight tests show that the mathematical model acquired using parameter identifcation is comparatively accurate and of clear mechanics,and can be used as the reference and basis for the structural design.

关键词： Aerodynamics Experimental aerodynamics Flight vehicle design Multidisciplinary design optimization Structural design

外柔内刚,鲠直持正,秉持气节——明清江南士大夫人文精神的一个面相

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史学集刊 2025年第1期 52-62页

作者：范金民张彭欣南京大学历史学院江苏南京210023

人们心目中的江南士大夫形象,无论峨冠博带的饱学之士,擅长鸿篇巨制的文学侍从之臣,还是娴熟典故参赞朝政的藻饰能手,能言善辩的博雅君子,似乎儒雅有之而缺乏胆气,温婉有之而少阳刚之气,小心谨慎有余而开拓进取殊少,驰骋疆场斩将搴旗者... 详细信息

人们心目中的江南士大夫形象,无论峨冠博带的饱学之士,擅长鸿篇巨制的文学侍从之臣,还是娴熟典故参赞朝政的藻饰能手,能言善辩的博雅君子,似乎儒雅有之而缺乏胆气,温婉有之而少阳刚之气,小心谨慎有余而开拓进取殊少,驰骋疆场斩将搴旗者更加罕见。这其实只是江南士大夫治国理政、行为出入的一个面相,远非江南士大夫人文精神的基本面貌。江南士大夫外表貌似柔弱,内心实无比强大,态度似乎和顺,意志则极为坚定,往往是外柔内刚,力重千钧。他们学养丰厚,恂恂儒雅,其实是非分明,原则问题绝不退让;其谈吐多温文尔雅,少见其过激举动,但事关国家兴亡和社稷安危等大事,则虽九死而不悔,多能置生死利害而不顾。

关键词：明清江南士大夫人文面相外柔内刚