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Achieving simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen by an integrated process of anaerobic membrane bioreactor and flow-through biofilm reactor

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Engineering Microbiology 2024年第1期4卷 18-27页

作者： Xueshen Wu Chao Wang Depeng Wang Ahmed tawfik Ronghua Xu Zhong Yu Fangang Meng School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology Guangzhou 510006China national Research Centre Water Pollution Research Department12622DokkiCairoEgypt College of Life Sciences Environmental Sciences DepartmentKuwait UniversityP.O.5969Safat 13060Kuwait

In this study,a combined system consisting of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)and flow-through biofilm reactor/CAnOn(FTBR/CAnOn)was developed to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from synthetic livestock *** average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen(Tn)were 64.2 and 76.4%with influent ammonium(nH4+-n)concentrations of approximately 200 and 500 mg/L,*** COD removal efficiencies were higher than 98.0%during the entire *** balance analysis showed that COD and Tn were mainly removed by the AnMBR and FTBR/CAnOn,*** anammox process was the main nitrogen removal pathway in the combined system,with a contribution of over 80%.High functional bacterial activity was observed in the combined ***,an increase in the nH4+-n concentration considerably improved the anammox activity of the biofilm in the FTBR/CAnOn.16S rRnA high-throughput sequencing revealed that Methanosaeta,Candidatus Methanofastidiosum,and Methanobacterium were the dominant methanogens in the AnMBR granular *** the CAnOn biofilm,nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia were identified as aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,*** summary,this study proposes a combined AnMBR and FTBR/CAnOn process targeting COD and nitrogen removal,and provides a potential alternative for treating high-strength wastewater.

关键词： Anaerobic membrane bioreactors Anammox Bacterial community Livestock wastewater Methanogens nitrogen removal

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Occult Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第8期15卷 375-381页

作者： Kamel El-Reshaid Abdulmohsen Al-Bader Hossameldin tawfik Sallam Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait Department of Otolaryngology Farwania Hospital Ministry of Health Kuwait City Kuwait Department of Medicine Al-Amiri Renal Center Ministry of Health Kuwait City Kuwait

Background: Addison’s disease is a rare disorder of the adrenal cortex that leads to inadequate production of cortisol initially followed by aldosterone and androgens. Its manifestations are usually slow and non-specific with potential for life-threatening adrenal crisis following hypermetabolic demands (infection, trauma, surgery). Patients: Over the past 10 years, 19 CRD-patients were diagnosed with occult PAI in our center. Results: Unprovoked hypotension was the most common manifestations of occult PAI and was the unmasking event in 11 (58%). It was without significant cardiac and/or severe systemic sepsis and was refractory to isotonic saline infusions. Equal number of the remaining patients (n = 2) presented with persistent and inexplicable electrolytes abnormalities viz. 1) hyponatremia despite restricted oral fluid intake, lack of dehydration and massive fluid overload, as well as 2) hyperkalemia despite potassium-restricted diet, hyperkalemic drugs and adequate therapy with Furosemide and low-potassium dialysis-baths. On the other hand, similar proportions presented with unprovoked 3) progressive weight loss, decrease appetite and cachexia as well as 4) frequent hypoglycemic attacks. All patients were treated and were medically stable after 29 (2 - 60) months of follow up. Autoantibodies to 21-hydroxylase enzyme were positive in 16 (90%). At diagnosis, and subsequent follow up, only 7 patients (37%) had multi-endocrine dysfunction of whom 2 with type 1 and 5 with type 2. Conclusion: High index of suspicion should be exerted in diagnosis of PAI in patients with CRD, since its clinical picture is similar to CRD manifestations and complications. In those patients, confirmatory tests and specific management can save their lives. .

关键词： Addison’s Disease Autoimmune Adrenalitis Chronic Renal Disease Multiple Endocrine Dysfunctions Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

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Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb anwar Faiqa Sajid Tehreem Iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(nGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan InSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem *** process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory *** has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem ***,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult ***,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem *** this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife *** on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature ***,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

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Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic am.no acids am.ng new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 53-71页

作者： Min Wang Yang Ou Xiang-Lian Yuan Xiu-Fang Zhu Ben niu Zhuang Kang Bing Zhang anwar Ahmed Guo-Qiang Xing Heng Su School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091Yunnan ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunming 650032Yunnan ProvinceChina Clinical Laboratory Nanchong Central Hospital&The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical UniversityNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD 20814United States The Affiliated Hospital and Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical UniversityNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Research and Development Lotus *** LLCGaithersburgMD 20878United States

BACKGROUnD The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)severely impacts early intervention/prevention *** branched-chain am.no acids(BCAAs:Isoleucine,leucine,valine)and aromatic am.no acids(AAAs:Tyrosine,tryptophan,phenylalanine)show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical ***,improvement is needed to support its clinical *** To evaluate the effects of body mass index(BMI)and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body *** ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients(ng in BMI[normal weight(nW),n=33,BMI=22.23±1.60;overweight,n=42,BMI=25.9±1.07;obesity(OB),n=22,BMI=31.23±2.31]from the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming,China,were ***-way and 2-way AnOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/*** Fasting serum AAAs,BCAAs,glutamate,and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)was lower(Pn OB-T2DM patients than in nW-T2DM patients,especially in male OB-T2DM ***,histidine,leucine,methionine,and lysine were greater in male patients than in female ***,histidine,alanine,glutamate,lysine,valine,methionine,leucine,isoleucine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity,body weight and BMI,whereas isoleucine,leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with *** Heterogeneously elevated am.no acids,especially BCAAs/AAAs,across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM *** higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals,whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in nW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in nW *** potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to

关键词： Hyperam.noacidemia Branched-chain/aromatic am.no acids new-onset type-2 diabetes Predictor Obesity Sex

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Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 381-396页

作者： Samsudin Anis Deni Fajar Fitriyana Aldias Bahatmaka Muhammad Choirul anwar Arsyad Zanadin Ramadhan Fajar Chairul Anam Raffanel Adi Permana Ahmad Jazilussurur Hakim natalino Fonseca Da Silva Guterres Mateus De Sousa Da Silva Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri SemarangGunung patiSemarang50229Indonesia Arka Tama Indonesia Co.Ltd.KarawangWest Java41382Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Dili Institute of TechnologyAi-meti Laran StreetDiliTimor Leste

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the *** utilization of coconut shell waste into briquettes will increase the selling value and become a great export ***,the effect of adhesives on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes made using screw extruder machine has not been widely *** study aims to determine the effect of adhesive type on the quality of coconut shell charcoal *** process of fabricating briquettes in this study included crushing,mixing,blending,pressing,and *** the mixing process,3 types of adhesives were used,namely tapioca flour(Briquette_1),cassava flour(Briquette_2),and modified cassava flour(Briquette_3)with a concentration of 5%of the weight of coconut shell charcoal *** quality of the resulting briquettes and commercial briquettes will be evaluated by moisture content,ash content,volatile matter,fixed carbon,calorific value,density,compressive,and drop test *** results of this research showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on the quality of the briquettes *** Briquette_1 had better quality than commercial briquettes(Briquette_4)and other briquette *** test results showed that Briquette_1 produced briquettes with better compressive strength and friability than the other specimens,at 6.95 n/mm^(2) and 4.44%,*** moisture content,ash content,fixed carbon,and calorific value of Briquette_1 have met the requirements set by the Indonesian national Standard(SnI)number ***,the volatile matter content and density of Briquette_1 are by the standards of Japan and the United States america(USA).

关键词： Coconut charcoal briquettes adhesive mixing blending pressing

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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel:A review

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第5期17卷 585-610页

作者： Shams anwar Xianguo LI Laboratory for Fuel Cell and Green Energy Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L3G1Canada

Production of hydrogen,one of the most promising alternative clean fuels,through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible *** conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynami-cally favorable under atmospheric ***,using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production,thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as ni,Co,and Cu-based *** paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis,partial oxidation,autother-mal,and steam reforming,emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of *** multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been *** the ni,Co,and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature,ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the *** avoid carbon emission,this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption,adsorption,and membrane separation *** remaining challenges,prospects,and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

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Effects of thermophoresis particle deposition and of the thermal conductivity in a porous plate with dissipative heat and mass transfer

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第3期27卷 389-398页

作者： Joaquín Zueco O.anwar Bég L.M.Lpez-Ochoa Thermal Engineering and Fluids Department Technical University of CartagenaETSII Campus Muralla del Mar Aerospace Engineering Department of Engineering and MathematicsSheaf BuildingSheffield Hallam University Mechanical Engineering Departam.nt University of RiojaC/Luís de UlloaLogrono (La Rioja)20E-26004Spain

network simulation method（nSM） is used to solve the lam.nar heat and mass transfer of an electricallyconducting,heat generating/absorbing fluid past a perforated horizontal surface in the presence of viscous and Joule heating problem. The governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential similarity equations,in a single independent variable,畏. The resulting coupled,nonlinear equations are solved under appropriate transformed boundary conditions. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters,viz Prandtl number,thermophoretic coeffcient（a function of Knudsen number）,thermal conductivity parameter,wall transpiration parameter and Schmidt number. The numerical details are discussed with relevant applications. The present problem finds applications in optical fiber fabrication,aerosol filter precipitators,particle deposition on hydronautical blades,semiconductor wafer design,thermo-electronics and problems including nuclear reactor safety.

关键词： Thermophoresis . MHD . network simulation model . Heat and mass transfer- Hartmann number

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Clinical Exam.nation and Ultrasonography as Predictors of Lateral neck Lymph nodes Metastasis in Primary Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2018年第1期9卷 55-63页

作者： anwar tawfik am.n Khalid M. Rezk Haisam Atta Department of Surgical Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Diagnostic Radiology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt

Background: Lateral neck dissection is risky and should be performed only as a therapeutic intervention for known disease. Aim of the Study: This study aims at finding predictors which help in selecting patients who have high risk of lymph node metastasis. Methods: All the patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer underwent thyroidectomy with lateral lymph nodes (Lns) dissection with available pathology report and sufficient data have been included in the study. Results: Sixty nine patients have been included in this study. In multivariate analysis, the most reliable and significant factors for detecting L.n. involvement were the clinical picture and the U/S appearance of the neck with P value of (0.008) and (0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Clinical and U/S exam.nations are the most independent and reliable factors to detect lateral neck lymph nodes involvement.

关键词： Thyroid Cervical Lymphadenectomy Thyroid Carcinoma neck Ultrasonography

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Intersphincteric Resection Is the Optimal Procedure for Very Low Rectal Cancer: Techniques, Morbidity, Oncologic and Functional Outcomes

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2019年第5期10卷 400-410页

作者： Ali Zedan anwar tawfik Ebrahim Aboeleupn Asmaa Salah Aiat Morsy Surgical Oncology Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Egypt Radiation Oncology & nuclear Medicine Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Egypt Clinical Oncology and nuclear Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Egypt

Background: The intersphincteric resection the most extreme form of a sphincter-preserving alternative for the abdominoperineal resection. Aim of the Work: We investigated oncological, functional outcomes and morbidity after ISR. Methods: This retrospective study included 164 patients who underwent ISR with between 2010 and 2015, Male 56.1%, Female 43.9%, with a median age was 54.5 years, Median follow-up time was of 48 months, Average surgical time was 230 min, Median blood loss was 700 mL and median hospital stay was nine days. Mean tumour size was34 mm. The surgical procedure through a laparotomy (72.6%), laparoscopically (27.4%). neoadjuvant radiotherapy 89.6% {long-course radiotherapy 74.4%, short-course radiotherapy 15.2%}, neoadjuvant chemotherapy 28.7% and adjuvant chemotherapy 70.1%. Colonic J-pouch 16.5%, Transverse coloplasty 15.9%, a side-to-end anastomosis 26.8% and straight coloanal anastomosis 40.9%. Partial-ISR 36.6%, subtotal-ISR 37.2%, total-ISR 26.2%, diverting ileostomy 6.7%. Results: Operative mortality 1.2%, morbidity 14.6% (anastomotic leakage 3.7%, anastomotic stenosis 1.8%, a recto-vaginal fistula 2.4% bowel obstruction 3%, surgical site infection 3%. Respiratory tract infection 1.2%, local 7.9%, distant recurrence 15.2%, 5-year overall 79.8%, disease-free survival 75.8%, R0 resection 95.1%. Pathologic complete response 11%. Circumferential margin involvement 2.4%. Median number of lymph nodes 17. Mean distal margin20 mm, after 12 months Median Wexner score 6. Incontinence for (flatus 11%, liquid 4.9%, solid 4.3%). Median bowel motions in a 24-h were 3. Faecal urgency 17.7%. Stool fragmentation 18.9%. Difficult evacuation 17.7%, lifestyle alteration 14.6%. Difficulty Feces/flatus discrimination 43.3%. nocturnal soiling in 17.1%. Daytime soiling 11%. Pad wearing 23.8%. Anti-diarrhoea medication loperamide 14%. Conclusion: ISR is a feasible surgical procedure for low rectal cancer. Oncologic and functional, outcomes after are acceptable.

关键词： Intersphincteric Resection ISR Cancer Rectum Functional Outcomes Oncologic Outcomes

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Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第8期19卷 2027-2039页

作者： Ramzy S.Hamied anwar n.Mohammed Ali Khalid A.Sukkar Petroleum Technology Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Department of Chemical Engineering University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq

The process of transporting crude oil across pipelines is one of the most critical aspects of the midstream petroleum *** the present experimental work,the effect of temperature,pressure drop,and pipe diameter on the flow rate of heavy crude oil have been ***,the total discharge and energy losses have been evaluated in order to demonstrate the improvements potentially achievable by using solar heating method replacing pipe,and adjusting the value of the initial pressure *** oil of API=20 has been used for the experiments,with the studied pipelines sections connecting the separator unit to the storage tank operating at a temperature of 25℃-100℃,pressure drop of 3,4,5,and 6 kg/cm^(2),and with pipe diameter of 4,6,and 8 *** results show that on increasing the temperature and/or the pressure drop,the flow rate through the pipeline becomes higher,thus raising the total pumping energy(as the pipe diameter increase),while energy losses increase from the last separator to the storage tank in the field.A pipe diameter increase can also produce a growth of the total pumping energy(i.e.,energy losses increase).The results of the present analysis suggest that employing an optimal temperature(50℃)is needed to ensure good performance.

关键词： Petroleum industry heavy crude oil horizontal flow viscosity reduction

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