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High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Zwitterion-Capped-ZnO Quantum Dots as Electron Transport Layer and NH_(4)X(X=F,Cl,Br)Assisted Interfacial Engineering

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 321-331页

作者： Rashmi Runjhun Essa A.Alharbi Zygmunt Druzyński anurag krishna Ma■gorzata Wolska-Pietkiewicz ViktorŠkorjanc Thomas P.Baumeler George Kakavelakis Felix Eickemeyer Mounir Mensi Shaik M.Zakeeruddin Michael Graetzel Janusz Lewiński Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/5201-224 WarsawPoland Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringSchool of Basic SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland Microelectronics and Semiconductors Institute King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)11442 RiyadhSaudi Arabia Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of TechnologyNoakowskiego 300-664 WarsawPoland Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneValais WallisCH-1951 SionSwitzerland

The systematic advances in the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been driven by the developments of perovskite materials,electron transport layer(ETL)materials,and interfacial passivation between the relevant *** zinc oxide(ZnO)is a promising ETL in thin film photovoltaics,it is still highly desirable to develop novel synthetic methods that allow both fine-tuning the versatility of ZnO nanomaterials and improving the ZnO/perovskite *** various inorganic and organic additives,zwitterions have been effectively utilized to passivate the perovskite *** this vein,we develop novel,well-characterized betaine-coated ZnO QDs and use them as an ETL in the planar n-i-p PSC architecture,combining the ZnO QDs-based ETL with the ZnO/perovskite interface passivation by a series of ammonium halides(NH_(4)X,where X=F,Cl,Br).The champion device with the NH4F passivation achieves one of the highest performances reported for ZnO-based PSCs,exhibiting a maximum PCE of~22%with a high fill factor of 80.3%and competitive stability,retaining~78%of its initial PCE under 1 Sun illumination with maximum power tracking for 250 h.

关键词： interface passivations perovskites quantum dots solar cells zinc oxide zwitterions

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High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Zwitterion-Capped-Zn0 Quantum Dots as Electron Transport Layer and NH4X（X=F,Cl,Br） Assisted Interfacial Engineering

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期 325-335页

作者： Rashmi Runjhun Essa A.Alharbi Zygmunt Druzynski anurag krishna Ma?gorzata Wolska-Pietkiewicz Viktor ?korjanc Thomas P.Baumeler George Kakavelakis Felix Eickemeyer Mounir Mensi Shaik M.Zakeeruddin Michael Graetzel Janusz Lewinski Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Microelectronics and Semiconductors Institute King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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Nanoscale interfacial engineering enables highly stable and efficient perovskite photovoltaics

Nanoscale interfacial engineering enables highly stable and ...

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第八届新型太阳能材料科学与技术学术研讨会

作者： anurag krishna Hong Zhang Zhiwen Zhou Thibaut Gallet Mathias Dankl Olivier Ouellette Felix T.Eickemeyer Fan Fu Mounir Mensi Shaik M.Zakeeruddin Ursula Rothlisberger G.N.Manjunatha Reddy Alex Redinger Michael Gr?tzel Anders Hagfeldt Laboratory of Photomolecular Science Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineeringécole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Long-term operational stability remains the primary concern for perovskite solar cells. Consequently, there is a quest for searching for new compositions that enable stable and efficient perovskites. We report a new molecular-level interface engineering strategy using a multifunctional ligand that augments long-term operational and thermal stability by chemically modifying the formamidinium lead iodide rich photoactive layer. The surface derivatized solar cells exhibited high operational stability(maximum powering point tracking at 1 sun) with a stabilized T80(the time over which the device efficiency reduces to 80% of its initial value of post-burn-in) of ≈5950 h at 40 oC and stabilized efficiency over 23%. The origin of high device stability and performance is correlated to the nano/subnanoscale molecular level interactions between ligand and perovskite layer, which is corroborated by comprehensive multiscale characterization. Our results provide key insights into the modulation of the grain boundaries, local density of states, surface bandgap, and interfacial recombination. Chemical analysis of the aged devices showed that interface passivation inhibited ion migration and prevented photoinduced I2 release that irreversibly degrades the perovskite. This study shows that passivating ligands have the potential to overcome stability issues associated with the high performing hybrid perovskite compositions, thus allowing a step closer to achieving long-standing stability of perovskitebased solar cells.

关键词： perovskite solar cells supramolecular chemistry molecular passivation grain boundaries defects operational stability

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Restless head syndrome:A retrospective study

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 51-59页

作者： Sanjay Prakash Varoon Vadodaria Niraj Chawda Chetsi S Shah anurag Prakash Department of Neurology Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute and Research CentreSumandeep VidyapeethVadodara 391760GujarātIndia Department of Medicine Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute and Research CentreSumandeep VidyapeethVadodara 391760GujarātIndia Department of Medicine Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research CentreParul University WaghodiaVadodara 391760India

BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower *** typically affects the ***,it can also affect several other body regions,such as the arms,abdomen,face,neck,head,and genital *** are only a few reports of the RLS variant affecting the *** To assess the epidemiological,clinical,and other aspects of the RLS variant affecting the *** We conducted a retrospective study of 17 adult patients(>18 years)who met the RLS criteria and simultaneously experienced RLS-like symptoms in the *** The median age at which symptoms appeared was 41.6 *** and females were equally affected(1.1:1).All 17 patients had uncomfortable sensations in the lower *** or disturbed sleep was the most common comorbidity(n=16,88.2%).However,headache was the most common presenting or primary symptom(n=10,70.5%).Dizziness or an abnormal sensation in the head was the second most common presenting symptom(5 patients,29.4%).Other presenting features were leg pain,backache,and generalized body *** patients responded favorably to dopaminergic *** If RLS-related unpleasant sensations and pain are felt in the head,they may be misinterpreted as headache,dizziness,or psychosomatic *** and headaches in a subset of patients may be two phenotypic manifestations of the same disorder.

关键词： Restless legs syndrome Restless head syndrome Dopamine Headache Migraine Tension-type headache

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Characterization of value-added chemicals derived from the thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation of sewage sludge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 185-198页

作者： Milan Malhotra anurag Garg Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowai Mumbai 400076India

We evaluated the effect of hydrothermal pretreatments,i.e.,thermal hydrolysis(TH)and wet oxidation(WO)on sewage sludge to promote resource *** hydrothermal processes were performed under mild temperature conditions(140°C–180°C)in a high pressure *** reaction in acidic environment(pH=3.3)suppressed the formation of the color imparting undesirable Maillard’s *** oxidative conditions resulted in higher volatile suspended solids(VSS)reduction(~90%)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal(~55%)whereas TH caused VSS and COD removals of~65%and~27%,respectively at a temperature of 180°*** TH,the concentrations of carbohydrates and proteins in treated sludge were 400–1000 mg/L and 1500–2500 mg/L,***,WO resulted in solids solubilization followed by oxidative degradation of organics into smaller molecular weight carboxylic acids such as acetic acid(~400–500 mg/L).Based on sludge transformation products generated during the hydrothermal pretreatments,simplified reaction pathways are ***,the application of macromolecules(such as proteins),VFAs and nutrients present in the treated sludge are also *** future study should focus on the development of economic recovery methods for various value-added compounds.

关键词： Hydrothermal pretreatment Reaction kinetics Reaction pathway Sewage sludge Thermal hydrolysis Wet oxidation

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On vector variational-like inequalities and vector optimization problems with (G, α)-invexity

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2017年第3期32卷 323-338页

作者： JAYSWAL anurag CHOUDHURY Sarita Department of Applied Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)Dhanbad-826004 Jharkhand India Department of Mathematics Science College (Autonomous) Hinjilicut Ganjam-761102 Odisha India

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship among Minty vector variational-like inequality problem, Stampacchia vector variational-like inequality problem and vector optimization problem involving (G, α)-invex functions. Furthermore, we establish equivalence among the solutions of weak formulations of Minty vector variational-like inequality problem, Stampacchia vector variational-like inequality problem and weak efficient solution of vector optimization problem under the assumption of (G, α)-invex functions. Examples are provided to elucidate our results.

关键词： Minty vector variational-like inequality problem Stampacchia vector variational-like inequality problem vector optimization problem (G, α)-invexity vector critical point

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THE CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFICIENCY AND SADDLE POINT CRITERIA FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM WITH VANISHING CONSTRAINTS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2019年第2期39卷 382-394页

作者： anurag JAYSWAL Vivek SINGH Department of Applied Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)

In this article, we focus to study about modified objective function approach for multiobjective optimization problem with vanishing constraints. An equivalent η-approximated multiobjective optimization problem is constructed by a modification of the objective function in the original considered optimization problem. Furthermore, we discuss saddle point criteria for the aforesaid problem. Moreover, we present some examples to verify the established results.

关键词： multiobjective optimization problem with vanishing constraints efficient solution invexity η-Lagrange function saddle point

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Structural, Optical, and Ferroelectric Behaviors of Cu_(1-x)Li_xO(0≤x≤0.09) Nanostructures

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 306-312页

作者： Prakash Chand anurag Gaur Ashavani Kumar Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra

We report structural, optical, and ferroelectric behaviors of lithium-doped copper oxide （CU1-xLixO with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09） nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method. The XRD pattern indicates the pure phase formation of CuO without any impurity, and the crystallite size is found to be increases for x = 0-0.07 and decreases for x = 0.09. FESEM analysis shows that the average size of Cul xLixO nanostructures increases with the increasing the Li-doping concentrations up to 7% and then decreases for 9% Li doping concentration. Moreover, Raman and photoluminescence spectrum also confirm the phase formation of CuO. A significant reduction in optical band gap is observed up to x = 0.07, and then band gap increases for x ~ 0.09 due to segregation of the impurities on the surface or grain boundaries, which may suppress the grain growth and results the enhancement in optical band gap. Moreover, a weak ferroelectricity is observed in CuO nanostructures for pure and 9% Li doping through polarization versus electric field （P- E）.

关键词： CuO nanostructure Optical properties PL and Raman spectroscopy

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An Exact l(1) Penalty Approach for Interval-Valued Programming Problem

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2016年第4期4卷 461-481页

作者： anurag Jayswal Jonaki Banerjee Department of Applied Mathematics Indian School of MinesDhanbadJharkhand 826004India

The objective of this paper is to propose an exact l1 penalty method for constrained interval-valued programming problems which transform the constrained problem into an unconstrained interval-valued penalized optimization *** some suitable conditions,we establish the equivalence between an optimal solution of interval-valued primal and penalized optimization ***,saddle-point type optimality conditions are also established in order to find the relation between an optimal solution of penalized optimization problem and saddle-point of Lagrangian *** examples are given to illustrate the derived results.

关键词： Exact l1 penalty method Interval-valued programming Convexity LU optimal Optimality conditions Saddle-points

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An Exact l_(1) Exponential Penalty Function Method for Multiobjective Optimization Problems with Exponential-Type Invexity

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2014年第1期2卷 75-91页

作者： anurag Jayswal Sarita Choudhury Department of Applied Mathematics Indian School of MinesDhanbad 826004JharkhandIndia

The purpose of this paper is to devise exact l_(1) exponential penalty function method to solve multiobjective optimization problems with exponentialtype *** conditions governing the equivalence of the(weak)efficient solutions to the vector optimization problem and the(weak)efficient solutions to associated unconstrained exponential penalized multiobjective optimization problem are *** are given to illustrate the obtained results.

关键词： Exact l_(1)exponential penalty method Exponential penalized vector optimization problems (p,r)-invexity

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