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Hydrometeorological assessments and suspended sediment delivery from a central Himalayan glacier in the upper Ganga basin

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第4期33卷 493-509页

作者： Amit Kumar Akshaya Verma Anupam Anand Gokhale Rakesh Bhambri Anshuman Misra Shipika Sundriyal Dwarika Prasad Dobhal Naval Kishore Centre for Glaciology Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Department of Geology Panjab University

Integrated hydrometeorological investigations are not frequently available at a regional scale over a longer time period, especially near the terminus of Indian Himalayan glaciers. An integrated approach to the collection of hydrological data has major advantages for understanding the runoff generation mechanisms at basin scale, particularly when coupled with meteorological observations. The current study involves time series analysis of hydrometeorological records collected near the terminus of the Chorabari Glacier, for four consecutive ablation seasons(June-Sept.) 2009-2012. The analysis shows that variation in rainfall was higher(c= 0.9) at the same elevation over proximal sites, while the intensity of extreme rainfall events was 121-160 mm/d. The diurnal temperature range(DTR) has a tendency to reduce over the ablation season because of the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon(ISM) and then further increases during the ISM withdrawal indicating humid-temperate conditions. The peak discharge(Qpeak) was found to be higher during July and August. Snow and glacier melt contributed 76% of the total suspended sediment transport during peak ISM months(July and August) reflecting seasonal evolution of the hydrologic conduits. The results indicate that Karakoram and western Himalayan glaciers produce comparatively low sediment yield compared to central Himalayan glaciers. The hydrological variations are depicted through flow duration curves(FDC) for meltwater discharge and sediment load. The flow corresponding to Q, Q, and Q(where Qx is the discharge that is exceeded x percent of the time referred to as % dependability) are 4.2, 3.7, and 2.8 m~3/s; and the corresponding dependability for suspended sediment loads(SSLs) are 409.0, 266.0, and 157.2 t/d, respectively. The daily SSL and discharge(Q) from 2009 to 2012 were used to develop a sediment rating curve(SSL = 39.55 × Q. R~2 = 0.8).Multiple regressions are used to determine the impacts of meteorological parameters on glacier melt.The meteorological conditions, hydrol

关键词： High elevation meteorology Suspended sediment transport Flow duration curves Multivariate regression Indian summer monsoon

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Differential fault location identification by machine learning

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2021年第1期6卷 17-24页

作者： Anubhab Baksi Santanu Sarkar Akhilesh Siddhanti Ravi anand anupam Chattopadhyay Nanyang Technological University Singapore Indian Institute of Technology ChennaiIndia Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaUSA Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurIndia

As the fault‐based attacks are becoming a more pertinent threat in today's era of edge computing/internet‐of‐things,there is a need to streamline the existing tools for better accuracy and ease of use,so that we can gauge the attacker's power and a proper countermeasure can be devised in the long run.In this regard,we propose a machine learning(ML)assisted tool that can be used in the context of a differential fault attack.In particular,finding the exact fault location by analysing the output difference(typically the XOR of the nonfaulty and the faulty ciphertexts)is somewhat nontrivial.During the literature survey,we notice that the Pearson's correlation coefficient dominantly is used for this purpose,and has almost become the defacto standard.While this method can yield good accuracy for certain cases,we argue that an MLbased method is more powerful in all the situations we experiment with.We sub-stantiate our claim by showing the relative performances(we choose the commonly used multilayer perceptron as our ML tool)with two variants of Grain‐128a(a stream cipher,and a stream cipher with authentication),the lightweight stream cipher LIZARD and the lightweight block cipher SIMON‐32(where the faults are injected at the fifth last rounds).Our results demonstrate that a common ML tool can outperform the correlation with the same training/testing data.We believe that our work extends the state‐of‐the‐art by showing how traditional cryptographic methods can be replaced by a more powerful ML tool.

关键词： fault typically gauge

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Isolating type-specific phenologies through spectral unmixing of satellite time series

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第3期11卷 233-245页

作者： Jyoteshwar R.Nagol Joseph O.Sexton anupam anand Ritvik Sahajpal Thomas C.Edwards Global Land Cover Facility Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA USGS Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Wildland ResourcesCollege of Natural ResourcesUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Vegetation phenology is commonly studied using time series of multispectral vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery.Differences in reflectance among land-cover and/or plant functional types are obscured by sub-pixel mixing,and so phenological analyses have typically sought to maximize the compositional purity of input satellite data by increasing spatial resolution.We present an alternative method to mitigate this‘mixed-pixel problem’and extract the phenological behavior of individual land-cover types inferentially,by inverting the linear mixture model traditionally used for sub-pixel land-cover mapping.Parameterized using genetic algorithms,the method takes advantage of the discriminating capacity of calibrated surface reflectance measurements in red,near infrared,and short-wave infrared wavelengths,as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the Normalized Difference Water Index.In simulation,the unmixing procedure reproduced the reflectances and phenological signals of grass,crop,and deciduous forests with high fidelity(RMSE<0.007 NDVI);and in empirical tests,the algorithm extracted the phenological characteristics of evergreen trees and seasonal grasses in a semi-arid savannah.The approach shows potential for a wide range of ecological applications,including detection of differential responses to climate,soil,or other factors among vegetation types.

关键词： Spectral unmixing landsurface phenology NDVI genetic algorithms

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Global, 30-m resolution continuous fields of tree cover: Landsat-based rescaling of MODIS vegetation continuous fields with lidar-based estimates of error

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2013年第5期6卷 427-448页

作者： Joseph O.Sexton Xiao-Peng Song Min Feng Praveen Noojipady anupam anand Chengquan Huang Do-Hyung Kim Kathrine M.Collins Saurabh Channan Charlene DiMiceli John R.Townshend Global Land Cover Facility Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

We developed a global,30-m resolution dataset of percent tree cover by rescaling the 250-m MOderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)Vegetation Continuous Fields(VCF)Tree Cover layer using circa-2000 and 2005 Landsat images,incorporating the MODIS Cropland Layer to improve accuracy in agricultural areas.Resulting Landsat-based estimates maintained consistency with the MODIS VCF in both epochs(RMSE=8.6%in 2000 and 11.9%in 2005),but showed improved accuracy in agricultural areas and increased discrimination of small forest patches.Against lidar measurements,the Landsat-based estimates exhibited accuracy slightly less than that of the MODIS VCF(RMSE=16.8%for MODIS-based vs.17.4%for Landsat-based estimates),but RMSE of Landsat estimates was 3.3 percentage points lower than that of the MODIS data in an agricultural region.The Landsat data retained the saturation artifact of the MODIS VCF at greater than or equal to 80%tree cover but showed greater potential for removal of errors through calibration to lidar,with post-calibration RMSE of 9.4%compared to 13.5%in MODIS estimates.Provided for free download at the Global Land Cover Facility(GLCF)website(***),the 30-m resolution GLCF tree cover dataset is the highest-resolution multi=temporal depiction of Earth’s tree cover available to the Earth science community.

关键词： tree cover continuous fields Landsat MODIS lidar

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肾素血管紧张素系统抑制剂与高血压患者新型冠状病毒肺炎易感性的关系:一项初级保健倾向评分匹配的队列研究

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中华高血压杂志 2021年第8期29卷 747-747页

作者：刘青(摘译) 郑武洪(审校) Haroon S Subramanian A Cooper J anand A gokhale K Byne NDhalla S Acosta-Mena D Taverner T Okoth K Wang J Chandan JS Sainsbury C Zemedikun DT Thomas GN Parekh D Marshall T Sapey E Adderley NJ Nirantharakumar K 不详

肾素血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)抑制剂被认为影响严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,SARS-CoV-2)的易感性。本研究调查高血压患者处方与新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)的... 详细信息

肾素血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)抑制剂被认为影响严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,SARS-CoV-2)的易感性。本研究调查高血压患者处方与新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)的发病率和全因死亡率之间是否存在关联。方法:研究者在英国大型初级保健数据库(健康改善网络)中进行了一项倾向得分匹配的队列研究.

关键词：初级保健肾素血管紧张素系统倾向得分匹配队列研究肺炎严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒健康改善

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印度黑颈鹤现状与分布

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Zoological Research 2014年第S01期35卷 39-50页

作者： Pankaj Chandan Afifullah Khan Jigmet Takpa Syed A.Hussain Kamal Mehdi Pushpinder Singh Jamwal Rohit Rattan Nisa Khatoon Tsewang Rigzin anupam anand Pijush Kr.Dutta Tanveer Ahmad Partha S.Ghose Priyadarshinee Shrestha Lak Tsheden Theengh WWF-India 172-BLodi EstateNew DelhiIndia Aligarh Muslim University AligarhIndia Department of Wildlife Protection Ladakh J&KGovernmentIndia Wildlife Institute of India DehradunGovernment of IndiaIndia University of Maryland USA Tata Institute of Social Sciences Guwahati CampusIndia

为了弄清和监测印度黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)的现状与分布,作者于2000-2014年开展了长期研究。每年在所有已知的黑颈鹤分布点开展调查,同时探索了新的区域。基于黑颈鹤的历史分布区,包括查谟和克什米尔、锡金等的文献记载和调查,该文... 详细信息

为了弄清和监测印度黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)的现状与分布,作者于2000-2014年开展了长期研究。每年在所有已知的黑颈鹤分布点开展调查,同时探索了新的区域。基于黑颈鹤的历史分布区,包括查谟和克什米尔、锡金等的文献记载和调查,该文对印度黑颈鹤的现状与分布进行了综述,详细列出了黑颈鹤在印度的当前现状与分布。首次对过去15年来印度黑颈鹤种群状况进行了报道:整个研究期间,于2012年在拉达克的繁殖地最多记录到139只黑颈鹤个体,于2006年在印度东北部记录到11个越冬个体。

关键词：黑颈鹤高海拔湿地拉达克锡金

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