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Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第2期18卷 161-165页

作者： chan-Su Ryu Center for Asian Monsoon and Climate Environment Research Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea

The zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high remarkably influences the climate anomalies in China. In this paper,a new zonal index of the subtropical high is defined by modifying previous indices,and is used to investigate the relationship between the zonal displacement of the subtropical high and the dominant modes of 850-hPa circulations. It is found that the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is significantly correlated with the first two leading modes of circulations. In particular,the correlation coefficient between the index and the time series associated with the second mode is as high as 0.78 in 1958-2003 (46 years). Since the second mode is not associated with significant anomalies of sea surface temperatures,the above results imply the diffculty in seasonal forecasting of the zonal displacement of the subtropical high. In addition,the interannual variability in the zonal displacement of the subtropical high has been considerably enhanced since 1978,due to the effects of both dominant modes,especially the second mode. This is likely to account for the frequent occurrence of anomalous climate in China during the recent two decades.

关键词： Western Pacific subtropical high General circulation Dominant mode Interannual variability Interdecadal variation

On De Giorgi's conjecture: Recent progress and open problems

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第11期61卷 1925-1946页

作者： Hardy chan Juncheng Wei Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia

In 1979,De Giorgi conjectured that the only bounded monotone solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation △u+u-u^3=0 in R^N,are *** conjecture and its connection with minimal surfaces and Toda systems are the subject of this... 详细信息

关键词： De Giorgi's conjecture classification of solutions Allen-Cahn equation minimal surfaces Toda systems

Sensitivity of the Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Size to Microphysics Schemes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第9期33卷 1024-1035页

作者： Kelvin T.F.chan Johnny C.L.chan School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong

The sensitivity of the simulation of tropical cyclone （TC） size to microphysics schemes is studied using the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model （WRF）. Six Tcs during the 2013 western North Pacific typhoon season and three mainstream microphysics schemes-Ferrier （FER）, WRF Single-Moment 5-class （WSM5） and WRF Single-Moment 6-class （WSM6）-are investigated. The results consistently show that the simulated TC track is not sensitive to the choice of microphysics scheme in the early simulation, especially in the open ocean. However, the sensitivity is much greater for TC intensity and inner-core size. The TC intensity and size simulated using the WSM5 and WSM6 schemes are respectively higher and larger than those using the FER scheme in general, which likely results from more diabatic heating being generated outside the eyewall in rainbands. More diabatic heating in rainbands gives higher inflow in the lower troposphere and higher outflow in the upper troposphere, with higher upward motion outside the eyewall. The lower-tropospheric inflow would transport absolute angular momentum inward to spin up tangential wind predominantly near the eyewall, leading to the increment in TC intensity and size （the inner-core size, especially）. In addition, the inclusion of graupel microphysics processes （as in WSM6） may not have a significant impact on the simulation of TC track, intensity and size.

关键词： tropical cyclone microphysics size intensity track numerical modelling

Differential signaling of Flt3 activating mutations in acute myeloid leukemia:a working model

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Protein & Cell 2011年第2期2卷 108-115页

作者： Perry M.chan Neuroscience Research Partnership Biomedical Sciences Instituteaffiliated with Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyASTARSingapore 138673Singapore

Receptor tyrosine kinases couple a wide variety of extracellular cues to cellular *** class III subfamily comprises the platelet-derived growth factor receptor,c-Kit,Flt3 and c-Fms,all of which relay cell proliferation signals upon ligand ***,mutations in these proteins that confer ligand-independent activation are found in a subset of *** mutations cluster in the juxtamembrane(JM)and catalytic tyrosine kinase domain(TKD)*** the case of acute myeloid leukemia(AML),the juxtamembrane(named ITD for internal tandem duplication)and TKD Flt3 mutants differ in their spectra of clinical *** the mechanism of aberrant activation has been largely elucidated by biochemical and structural analyses of mutant kinases,the differences in disease presentation cannot be attributed to a change in substrate specificity or signaling strength of the catalytic *** review discusses the latest literature and presents a working model of differential Flt3 signaling based on mis-localized juxtamembrane autophosphorylation,to account for the disease *** will have bearing on therapeutic approaches in a complex disease such as AML,for which no efficacious drug yet exists.

关键词： acute myeloid leukemia receptor tyrosine kinase oncogenic mutation autoinhibition intracellular traf-ficking

PHASE TRANSITION IN SEQUENCE UNIQUE RECONSTRUCTION

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2007年第1期20卷 18-29页

作者： Li XIA chan ZHOU Theoretical Life Science Research Center Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China James D. Waston Institute of Genome Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310008 China.

In this paper, sequence unique reconstruction refers to the property that a sequence is uniquely reconstructable from all its K-tuples. We propose and study the phase transition behavior of the probability P（K） of unique reconstruction with regard to tuple size K in random sequences （iid model）. Based on Monte Carlo experiments, artificial proteins generated from lid model exhibit a phase transition when P（K） abruptly jumps from a low value phase （e.g. 〈 0.1） to a high value phase （e.g. 〉 0.9）. With a generalization to any alphabet, we prove that for a random sequence of length L, as L is large enough, P（K） undergoes a sharp phase transition when p ≤ 0.1015 where p = P （two random letters match）. Besides, formulas are derived to estimate the transition points, which may be of practical use in sequencing DNA by hybridization. Concluded from our study, most proteins do not deviate greatly from random sequences in the sense of sequence unique reconstruction, while there are some ＂stubborn＂ proteins which only become uniquely reconstructable at a very large K and probably have biological implications.

关键词： Phase transition probability protein sequence SBH unique reconstruction

Improvement of plant abiotic stress tolerance through modulation of the polyamine pathway

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第2期56卷 114-121页

作者： Haitao Shi Zhulong chan Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Gardenthe Chinese Academy of Sciences

Polyamines （mainly putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd）, and spermine （Spin）） have been widely found in a range of physiological processes and in almost all diverse environ- mental stresses. In various plant species, abiotic stresses modulated the accumulation of polyamines and related gene expression. Studies using loss-of-function mutants and transgenic overexpression plants modulating polyamine metabolic pathways confirmed protective roles of polyamines during plant abiotic stress responses, and indicated the possibility to improve plant tolerance through genetic manipulation of the polyamine pathway. Additionally, puta- tive mechanisms of polyamines involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance were thoroughly discussed and crosstalks among polyamine, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide in plant responses to abiotic stress were emphasized. Special attention was paid to the interaction between polyamine and reactive oxygen species, ion channels, amino acid and carbon metabolism, and other adaptive responses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the polyamine signaling pathway, especially polyamine-regulated downstream tar- gets and the connections between polyamines and other stress responsive molecules.

关键词： Abiotic stress crosstalk polyamine polyamine metabolic pathway transgenic plants

On Univalence of the Power Deformation z（f（z）/z）c

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2012年第6期33卷 823-830页

作者： Yong chan KIM Toshiyuki SUGAWA Department of Mathematics Education Yeungnam University Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University

The authors mainly concern the set Uf of c E C such that the power deformation z（f-（z）/z）c is univalent in the unit disk ｜z｜〈 1 for a given analytic univalent function f（z） = z ＋ a2z2 ＋ ... in the unit disk. It is shown that Uf is a compact, polynomially convex subset of the complex plane C unless f is the identity function. In particular, the interior of Uf is simply connected. This fact enables us to apply various versions of the X-lemma for the holomorphic family z（f（z）/z）c of injections parametrized over the interior of Uf. The necessary or sufficient conditions for Uf to contain 0 or 1 as an interior point are also given.

关键词： Univalent function Holomorphic motion Quasiconformal extension Grunsky inequality Univalence criterion

Convergence Rate for Galerkin Approximation of the Stochastic Allen–Cahn Equations on 2D Torus

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2021年第3期37卷 471-490页

作者： Ting MA Rong chan ZHU College of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065P.R.China Department of Mathematics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081P.R.China Department of Mathematics University of BielefeldD-33615 BielefeldGermany

In this paper we discuss the convergence rate for Galerkin approximation of the stochastic Allen–Cahn equations driven by space-time white noise on T^(2). First we prove that the convergence rate for stochastic 2D heat equation is of order α-δ in Besov space C^(-α) for α∈(0, 1) and δ > 0 arbitrarily small. Then we obtain the convergence rate for Galerkin approximation of the stochastic Allen–Cahn equations of order α-δ in C^(-α) for α∈(0, 2/9) and δ > 0 arbitrarily small.

关键词： Stochastic Allen–Cahn equations convergence rate Galerkin projection Besov space white noise

Management of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第1期115卷 129-135页

作者： Critchley JA Zhao HL Tomlinson B Leung W Thomas GN chan JC Cockram cs Chinese Univ Hong Kong Prince Wales Hosp Dept Med & Therapeut Div Clin Pharmacol Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

Purpose To review evidence-based management of nephropathy in patients with type 2 *** sources A literature search (MEDLINE 1966 to 2000) was performed using the key word 'diabetic nephropathy'. Relevant book chapters were also *** selection Well-controlled, prospective landmark studies and expert review articles on diabetic nephropathy were *** extraction Data and conclusions from the selected articles that provide solid evidence to the optimal management of diabetic nephropathy were extracted and interpreted in light of our clinical research experience with many thousands of Hong Kong Chinese *** Hypertension, long diabetes duration, poor glycaemic control and central obesity are the most important risk factors. Microalbuminuria is a practical marker to predict overt nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Risk factor modification, renal function monitoring and combined therapies are the current integrated approaches to manage patients with diabetic kidney disease. Optimal glycaemic control is the mainstay of treatment but effective antihypertensive therapy is also key to delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonists have important renoprotective actions independent of their blood pressure lowering actions. Conclusions Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Monitoring renal function and screening for microalbuminuria will allow the identification of patients with nephropathy at a very early stage for intervention. Tight glycaemic control and aggressive antihypertensive treatment as well as the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors should substantially delay the progression of nephropathy.

关键词： type 2 diabetes · nephropathy · albuminuria · hypertension · renin-angiotensin system