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Where Is Phase Velocity in Minkowski Space?

j.urnal of Modern Physics 2024年第10期15卷 1555-1566页

作者： antony j. bour.illon Ultra-High Resolution Lithography San Jose CA USA

In the special theory of relativity, massive particles can travel at neither the speed of light c nor faster. Meanwhile, since the photon was quantized, many have thought of it as a point particle. How pointed? The idea could be a mathematical device or physical simplification. By contrast, the preceding notion of wave-group duality has two velocities: a group velocity vg and a phase velocity vp. In light vp = vg = c;but it follows from special relativity that, in massive particles, vp > c. The phase velocity is the product of the two best measured variables, and so their product constitutes internal motion that travels, verifiably, faster than light. How does vp then appear in Minkowski space? For light, the spatio-temporal Lorentz invariant metric is s2=c2t2−x2−y2−z2, the same in whatever frame it is viewed. The space is divided into 3 parts: firstly a cone, symmetric about the vertical axis ct > 0 that represents the world line of a stationary particle while the conical surface at s = 0 represents the locus for light rays that travel at the speed of light c. Since no real thing travels faster than the speed of light c, the surface is also a horizon for what can be seen by an observer starting from the origin at time t = 0. Secondly, an inverted cone represents, equivalently, time past. Thirdly, outside the cones, inaccessible space. The phase velocity vp, group velocity vg and speed of light are all equal in free space, vp = vg = c, constant. By contrast, for particles, where causality is due to particle interactions having rest mass mo > 0, we have to employ the Klein-Gordon equation with s2=c2t2−x2−y2−z2+mo2c2. Now special relativity requires a complication: *** = c2 where vg c and therefore vp > c. In the volume outside the cones, causality due to light interactions cannot extend beyond the cones. However, since vp > c and even vp >> c when wavelength λ is long, extreme phase velocities are then limited in their causal effects by the particle uncertainty σ,

关键词： Event Horizon Scattering Range Wave Packet Phase Velocity Group Velocity Dispersion Dynamics Quantum Physics

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Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/SiC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–GA Approach

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j.urnal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 938-952页

作者： Yesudhasan Thooyavan Lakshmi Annamali Kumaraswamidhas Robinson Dhas Edwin Raj.j.seph Selvi Binoj.Bright Brailson Mansingh antony Sagai Francis Britto Alamry Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad(ISM)DhanbadJharkhand826004India Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya(GSV-A Central University Funded By GoI in the Ministry of Railways) LalbaugVadodaraGujarat390004India Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamilnadu602105India Metal j.ining Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringSri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641022India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamTamil Nadu629401India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11942Al-KharjSaudi Arabia

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic *** fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(SiC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear *** application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of *** stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and Genetic Algorithm(GA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant *** predicted and tested ANN–GA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 j.s,43 HV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and *** can be noted that the nano-sized SiC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its *** predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–GA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

关键词： Hybrid polymer composite Prediction Process modelling Artificial neural networks Genetic algorithm

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Ethnic and Religious Violence in South China： The Hakka-Tiandihui Uprising of 1802

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第4期11卷 532-562页

作者： Robert j. antony Canton's Thirteen Hongs Research Center Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China

In 1802 the second maj.r Tiandihui （Heaven and Earth Society） uprising erupted in the mountains of Huizhou prefecture near Canton. Before it was suppressed over a year later, the disturbances came to involve several tens of thousands of people and nearly a quarter of Guangdong province. This study, which is based on extant historical sources and fieldwork, takes an interdisciplinary approach, combining the methodologies of history, anthropology, and folklore. The areas where the uprising occurred were predominantly Hakka, an ethnic Chinese minority who came into conflict with the earlier settlers, known as the Punti. As violence escalated, both sides organized their own paramilitary units： Hakka formed Tiandihui groups and Punti formed Ox Head Societies. Significantly too, the Tiandihui groups in Huizhou belonged to a much wider network of secret society and sectarian organizations that spread across the Hakka heartland on the j.angxi, Fuj.an, and Guangdong border. This article addresses key issues concerning the social, political, and religious contexts and motivations of this Hakka-led uprising.

关键词： Hakka Punti Tiandihui ethnic feuds violence Buddhist lay sects Dachengj.ao

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Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers:Transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 324-334页

作者： antony j.LYNAM Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronx New YorkUSA

A century ago,tigers(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758)were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests,and governments sponsored their *** loss and fragmentation,market-driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former *** 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding,national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly *** future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover *** a regional scale,the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and *** j.cksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation *** where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability(likelihood of extinction)and irreplaceability(likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation)of tiger *** 1 site in Thailand supporting10000 km^(2))block of dry forest habitat available in the region.A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there.

关键词： conservation priorities Indochinese tigers irreplaceability threats vulnerability

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Chinese Secret Societies and Popular Religions Revisited： An Introduction

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第4期11卷 503-509页

作者： Robert j. antony j.seph Tse-Hei Lee Canton's Thirteen Hongs Research Center Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of History and Confucius Institute Pace University New York NY 10038 USA

It has been over forty years since j.an Chesneaux published his edited volume Popular Movements and Secret Societies in China, and some twenty years since David Ownby and Mary Somers Heidhues published their edited volume Secret Societies Reconsidered On popular religions, both Daniel Overmyer＇s FoItc Buddhist Religion and Susan Naquin＇s Millenarian Rebellion in China were also published almost forty years ago.1 Although there have been a number of important studies published both inside and outside of China on secret societies and popular religions since the 1990s, in recent years there has been a surge in new research, much of it still unpublished, on this important subj.ct in Chinese history.

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Mass excess of ^(69)Br and the rp process

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第9期39卷 55-57页

作者： M.S.antony j.-B.Bueb Résidence Einstein 11 rue de Klingenthal

The proton separation energy Sp of -786.07±11.49 keV has been evaluated for 69Br from a least squares fit of mass difference of analog states versus α/A1/3, where a is the average charge of the mirror nuclei and A is the mass number. The extracted Sp value is indicative of the rapid proton-capture process rp, and subsequent Type I X-ray bursts.

关键词： proton separation energy rapid proton-capture type I X-ray bursts analog levels

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Influence of interparticle interactions on the kinetics of self-assembly and mechanical strength of nanoparticulate aggregates

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Particuology 2009年第2期7卷 106-113页

作者： Roberto Moreno-Atanasio Simon j.antony Richard A.Williams Institute of Particle Science and Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUnited Kingdom

Computer simulations based on Discrete Element Method have been performed in order to investigate the influence of interparticle interactions on the kinetics of self-assembly and the mechanical strength of nanoparticle aggregates. Three different systems have been considered. In the first system the interaction between particles has been simulated using the j.R （j.hnson, Kendall and Roberts） contact theory, while in the second and third systems the interaction between particles has been simulated using van der Waals and electrostatic forces respectively. In order to compare the mechanical behaviour of the three systems, the magnitude of the maximum attractive force between particles has been kept the same in all cases. However, the relationship between force and separation distance differs from case to case and thus, the range of the interparticle force. The results clearly indicate that as the range of the interparticle force increases, the self-assembly process is faster and the work required to produce the mechanical failure of the assemblies increases by more than one order of magnitude.

关键词： Nanoparticles Discrete Element Method (DEM) Self-assembly j.R model van der Waals force

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Polysaccharide composition during cotton seed fibre development:temporal differences between species and in different seasons

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j.urnal of Cotton Research 2022年第4期5卷 12-24页

作者： PETTOLINO Filomena A. YULIA Dina BACIC antony LLEWELLYN Danny j. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO) Agri-culture and FoodCanberraACT 2601Australia Department of Animal Plant&Soil SciencesLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture and FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background:Cotton seed fibres are long single-celled epidermal trichomes that first appear on the surface of the ovule at anthesis and then elongate rapidly over a period of 15-25 days until a secondary cell wall(SCW)begins to develop through a rapid increase in the deposition of microfibrillar cellulose between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall that eventually terminates *** measurements of the different polysaccharide components in both wall types over time and how they influence fibre quality can direct studies involved in enhanc-ing fibre properties for yarn quality through cell wall manipulation or molecular ***:A detailed chemical analysis of cell wall composition by differential solvent fractionation was used to identify the range of polysaccharides present in mature cotton fibres and used to validate a simpler total cell wall monosaccharide linkage analysis protocol for wall compositional *** of fibres from 5 days post-anthesis through maturity for three cultivated species,Gossypium hirsutum,***,and ***,showed the dynamic nature of cell wall polysaccharide composition through fibre development and that it progressed differently for each *** grown in the glasshouse during either autumn to winter or spring to summer and within each species had fibre qualities and temporal aspects of cell wall development that were different for each ***,the timing of the deposition of the SCW was delayed in winter grown plants and appeared to influence key fibre qual-ity ***:These results suggest that the temporal aspects of cell wall polysaccharide biogenesis during fibre development influence final fibre quality,and this timing is determined by both genetic and environmental *** onset of SCW synthesis appears to be a critical factor coinciding with termination of fibre elongation and specify-ing the duration of wall thickening that then affects fibre le

关键词： Fibre development Gossypium hirsutum Gossypium barbadense Gossypium arboreum

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Parkinson's disease: From genetics to molecular dysfunction and targeted therapeutic approaches

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 786-798页

作者： Yue Huang j.n Wei antony Cooper Margaret j.Morris China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Pharmacology School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine&HealthUNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia The Garvan Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSW 2010Australia St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine&Healthand School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in the elderly. As the pathogenesis of PD is still not fully understood, medications with the capacity of halting the disease progression are currently unavailable. The discovery of genes that are causative for, or increase susceptibility to PD is pivotal for the development of novel therapeutic approaches, as they are critical for the onset of PD and the molecular pathways underlying its pathogenesis. By reviewing relevant data, we discuss causative genes, and those associated with PD susceptibility and quantitative traits. Through Gene Ontology database and STRING analysis, we emphasize the roles of inorganic cation transmembrane transport pathways and hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis, in addition to the established roles of inflammation/oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. It is hoped these insights 1) untangle the clinical complex presentations of PD, 2) reveal the interwoven molecular network leading to PD, and 3) identify critical molecular targets to facilitate novel PD drug discovery, with a view to providing improved consultation and personalized medicine for patients with PD in the future.

关键词： Drug discovery Genetics Molecular function Parkinson's disease Quantitative traits

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Inhibition of retroviral Gag assembly by non-silencing miRNAs promotes autophagic viral degradation

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Protein & Cell 2018年第7期9卷 640-651页

作者： Na Qu Zhao Ma Mengrao Zhang Muaz N. Rushdi Christopher j. Krueger antony K. Chen Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical-Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

We recently reported an unconventional mechanism by which miRNAs inhibit HIV-1 viral production. This occurs when miRNAs bind nonspecifically to the viral structural protein Gag, interfering with viral RNA-medi- ated Gag assembly at the plasma membrane. Conse- quently, misassembled viral complexes are redirected into the endocytic pathway where they are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. In this study, we demon- strate that autophagy is a critical mediator of the viral degradation pathway and that this pathway is not HIV-1 specific. Misassembled viral complexes were found to colocalize extensively with LC3 and p62 in late endo- somesllysosomes, demonstrating a convergence of autophagy with functional degradative compartments. Knocking down autophagosome formation machineries reduced this convergence, while treatment with autop- hagy-inducer rapamycin enhanced the convergence. Furthermore, similar autophagy-dependent nonspecific miRNA inhibition of murine leukemia virus （MLV） assembly was shown. Overall, these results reveal autophagy as a crucial regulator of the retroviral degradation pathway in host cells initiated by non- specific miRNA-Gag interactions. These findings could have significant implications for understanding how cells may regulate retroviral complex assembly by miRNA expression and autophagy, and raise the possi- bility that similar regulations can occur in other biolog- ical contexts.

关键词： microRNA Gag protein autophagy

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