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Imaging biomarkers in parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian syndromes:current and emerging concepts

Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 67-91页

作者： Usman Saeed Jordana Compagnone Richard I.Aviv antonio p.strafella Sandra E.Black Anthony E.Lang Mario Masellis Institute of Medical Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto and Division of NeuroradiologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada Division of Brain Imaging&Behaviour-Systems NeuroscienceToronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Division of Neurology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Heart&Stroke Foundation Canadian partnership for Stroke Recovery Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Movement Disorders Centre Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Edmond J.Safra program in parkinson’s Disease University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Cognitive&Movement Disorders Clinic Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre2075 Bayview Ave.Room A4-55TorontoOntario M4N 3 M5Canada

Two centuries ago in 1817,James parkinson provided the first medical description of parkinson’s disease,later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants(also termed,parkinson-plus syndromes).Today,parkinson’s disease represents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 ***,atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with parkinson’s disease,but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological *** of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders,including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker *** imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important,as it allows a‘window’into the underlying pathophysiological *** this article,we first present an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of,1)synucleinopathies:parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders,as well as multiple system atrophy,and 2)tauopathies:progressive supranuclear palsy,and corticobasal degeneration.A comprehensive presentation of wellestablished and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then *** for the following imaging modalities are reviewed:1)structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)using T1,T2,and susceptibilityweighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses,as well as MRI derived visual signatures,2)diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity,3)proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites,4)single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity(as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors),a

关键词： Biomarkers parkinson’s disease Atypical parkinsonian syndrome MRI pET SpECT Diffusion tensor imaging Molecular imaging Myocardial scintigraphy Transcranial sonography

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Therapeutic targeting of cellular prion protein: toward the development of dual mechanism anti-prion compounds

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1009-1014页

作者： antonio Masone Chiara Zucchelli Enrico Caruso Giovanna Musco Roberto Chiesa Laboratory of prion Neurobiology Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly Biomolecular NMR Unit Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of InsubriaVareseItaly

prpSc,a misfolded,aggregation-prone isoform of the cellular prion protein(prpC),is the infectious prion agent responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other *** adopt different pathogenic conformations(prion strains),which can be resistant to potential drugs,or acquire drug resistance,posing challenges for the development of effective *** prpCis the obligate precursor of any prion strain and serves as the mediator of prion neurotoxicity,it represents an attractive therapeutic target fo r prion *** this minireview,we briefly outline the approaches to target prpCand discuss our recent identification of Zn(Ⅱ)-Bn pyp,a prpC-targeting porphyrin with an unprecedented bimodal mechanism of *** argue that in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism by which Zn(Ⅱ)-Bn pyp targets prpCmay lead toward the development of a new class of dual mechanism anti-prion compounds.

关键词： anti-prion drug anti-prpC antibody antisense oligonucleotide neurodegeneration pharmacological chaperone porphyrin prion disease prpC degrader prpC shedding zinc finger repressor

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Seismic response of deep circular tunnels subjected to S-waves:Axial bending

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Underground Space 2024年第4期17卷 267-279页

作者： Chatuphat Savigamin antonio Bobet Osvaldo p.M.Vitali HR Engineering Services Inc.MedleyFL 33166United States Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822United States

Ovaling deformation of circular tunnels has received great interest from the tunneling community because this mode of seismicinduced deformation is considered the most ***,there is growing evidence that other deformation modes can also be important and thus need to be considered in *** study presents a new analytical solution to estimate axial bending(snaking),a mode of deformation caused by S-waves impinging on a tunnel parallel to the tunnel *** solution is developed using the soilstructure interaction approach with the assumption that the interface between the ground and the tunnel lining is frictionless(fullslip).Full dynamic numerical simulations are conducted to verify the new full-slip solution,together with the existing no-slip *** of dynamic amplification are also explored for both full-slip and no-slip interface conditions by changing the wavelength(or frequency)of the seismic input motions.

关键词： Seismic response of tunnels Analytical solutions Soil-structure interaction Axial bending Snaking S-waves

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Anthropomorphism Indexes of the Kinematic Chain for Artificial Hands

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第3期17卷 501-511页

作者： Immaculada Llop-Harillo antonio pérez-González Javier Andrés-Esperanza Grupo de Biomecdnicay Ergonomia Departamento de Ingenieria Mecdnicay Construccidny Universitat Jaume I(UJI)Castelldn 12071Spain

Anthropomorphic hands have received increasing research interest in the fields of robotics and *** it is not yet clear how to evaluate their *** in the kinematic chain is essential to achieve both functionality and cosmesis.A few previous works have addressed the definition of anthropomorphism indexes,although they have some limitations in its *** this study,three different anthropomorphism indexes have been defined to compare the kinematic chain of artificial hands with that of the human *** indexes are based on the comparison of:(I)the parameters of the kinematic chain(dimensions,type of joints,orientations and ranges of motion),(2)the reachable workspace,and(3)common grasping *** artificial hands with different degrees of anthropomorphism have been compared using the three Anthropomorphism Indexes of the Kinematic Chain(AIKC).The results show a high correlation between the first and third AIKC for the hands *** second AIKC presents much lower values than the other two,although they are higher for hands that combine abduction/adduction and flexion/extension movements in the kinematic chain of each *** indexes can be useful during the initial stage of designing artificial hands or evaluating their anthropomorphism.

关键词： anthropomorphism grasping indexes kinematics multifingered hands

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Quasi-freestanding graphene on Ni（110）： A graphene/ metal contact with suppressed interface states

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Nano Research 2016年第6期9卷 1795-1800页

作者： antonio politano Department of physics University of Calabria via Ponte Bucci 3 I/C 1-87036 Rende (CS) Italy

Graphene/Ni（110） has been studied by time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. The C ls core level shows a splitting typical of periodically rippled interfaces. The analysis of the C K-edge reveals that the interface states previously observed for graphene/Ni（111） are suppressed in graphene/Ni（110）. This suppression is due to the reduced hybridization of the Dirac-cone electrons in graphene with the d-bands of the （110）-oriented nickel contacts. Our results show that, contrary to commensurate growth of graphene on Ni（111）, epitaxially grown graphene on Ni（110） behaves as a quasi-freestanding sheet, as the lattice mismatch gives rise to a moir6 reconstruction.

关键词： graphene electronic properties synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy near-edge X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy

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Interplay between the glass and the gel transition

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第10期62卷 45-50页

作者： Annalisa Fierro antonio de Candia antonio Coniglio CNR-SpIN c/o Complesso di Monte S.AngeloNapoli 80126Italy Dipartimento di Fisica"pancini" Universita di Napoli"FedericoⅡ"Complesso di Monte S.AngeloNapoli 80126Italy

By changing the control parameters, many physical systems reach a slow dynamics regime followed by an arrested or a quasiarrested state. Examples, among others, are gels and glasses. In this paper, we discuss some experimental and theoretical results in polymer and colloidal systems, where gel and glass transitions interfere, and use models from Mode Coupling Theory（MCT）to illustrate the rich phenomenology observed. The continuous and the discontinuous transition lines, found in the MCT models,are considered suitable to describe respectively the gel and the glass transitions, so we suggest that the interplay between gel and glass may be interpreted in terms of the F13 MCT model, clarifying also the origin of logarithmic decays often observed in such systems. In particular, the theoretical predictions of the MCT in the F13 model are compared with Molecular Dynamics simulations in model systems for chemical gels and charged colloids.

关键词： glass gel and sol colloid

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3D finite element modelling optimization for deep tunnels with material nonlinearity

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Underground Space 2018年第2期3卷 125-139页

作者： Osvaldo p.M.Vitali Tarcisio B.Celestino antonio Bobet Lyles School of Civil Engineering Pwrdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Sao Carlos School of Engineering.Univerity of Sao paulo Sao CarlosSP 13566Brazil

3D modeling of tunnels using a nonlinear ground model is still a time-consuming task because it usually requires a large number of incremental phases with iterative processes,to ensure accuracy while minimizing computational *** of theﬁnite element mesh is of utmost *** the current tendency towards 3D modeling of tunnels,few publications are concerned with mesh optimization considering model size,grid reﬁnement and order of *** paper improves the understanding of key issues that affect 3D modeling of *** results shown that:(1)2nd order elements are more effcient when material nonlinearity is present and should be preferred;(2)the plastic zone size has a strong inﬂuence on the model dimensions and may require discretizations much larger than those currently *** paper provides recommendations for mesh reﬁnement and model dimensions(width and length)as a function of the plastic zone size,for accurate 3D models with reduced computational cost.

关键词： Tunnel Numerical modeling Finite element method Mesh optimization Nonlinear material

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Conditioning of a Calcaric Soil with Biosolid and Compost Under Laboratory Conditions: Exploration of Soil property Evolution

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pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 266-272页

作者： José antonio GALáN-péREZ Aránzazu pE?A Andalusian Institute for Earth Sciences Spanish National Research Council-University of Granada (CSIC-UGR)

Dear Editor,Conditioning of soils of low organic carbon(OC)is essential to establish optimal fertility conditions for the growth and development of future crops.A usual practice is the substrates of various origins,among which cheap wastes from agricultural or urban residues with high organic matter(OM)content have been gaining popularity in the last *** increase in soil OM is considered a desirable trait in agriculture because of its benefits.

关键词： Exploration Conditioning Laboratory

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Behavior of tunnels excavated with dip and against dip

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Underground Space 2021年第6期6卷 709-717页

作者： Osvaldo p.M.Vitali Tarcisio B.Celestino antonio Bobet Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao PauloSao CarlosSP 13566Brazil

Rock masses with remarked rock structure are likely to be highly anisotropic;thus,the relative orientation of the tunnel with respect to the rock structure will affect the tunnel *** measured at the walls of tunnels in highly anisotropic rock masses often reveal an asymmetric deformation pattern around the tunnel perimeter,which is often interpreted as the result of rock heterogeneity or changing ***,numerical and analytical investigation of tunnels in anisotropic rock masses show that the tunnel axis misalignment with the principal directions of stress and material anisotropy induce anti-symmetric axial displacements(i.e.,axial distortion of the tunnel cross section)far behind the tunnel *** the face,the axial distortion is partially constrained,causing asymmetric radial *** this study,tunnels excavated with and against dip of the major rock mass discontinuity are explored using 3D FEM modeling.A detailed analysis on the mechanisms associated with the direction of excavation is *** is shown that the asymmetric displacements near the face may strongly affect the displacements measured at the tunnel walls,which may explain the asymmetric displacements commonly observed on tunnels in anisotropic rock.

关键词： Tunnel Tunnel misalignment Anisotropic rock Face effects

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Construction strategies for a NATM tunnel in Sao paulo, Brazil, in residual soil

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Underground Space 2022年第1期7卷 1-18页

Due to the fast growth of urban areas worldwide,the demand for tunnels in developed areas is *** design and construc-tion of those tunnels are complex because of their shallow depths and their interaction with existing aboveground and buried structures,which results in rather limited allowable ground deformations induced by the tunnel excavation and *** tropical regions,residual porous soils near the surface are *** soils are highly deformable;thus,tunneling may induce large ground deformations that may damage nearby *** new Austrian tunneling method(NATM)and the sprayed concrete lining(SCL)technique are being widely employed in several big cities in tropical regions,but little research has been conducted to assess the induced ground deformations in residual soils,common in tropical *** paper provides insight into this issue.A well-documented metro tunnel in Sa˜o paulo,Brazil,in a residual red porous clay,was analyzed using 3D finite element method(FEM).The behavior of the residual red porous clay was approximated by an advanced constitutive soil model calibrated with triaxial tests on intact samples extracted at the *** of the tunnel deformations during construction matched the field *** calibrated model was then used to explore the tunnel per-formance under different construction *** influence of partial face excavation,unsupported span length,support stiffness and pipe roof umbrella were *** numerical results showed that partial face excavation was effective to reduce ground deformations ahead of the face of the tunnel and to improve face stability;however,the settlements behind the face increased because of the delay in closing the primary *** installation of a stiffer liner closer to the face reduced the ground deformations *** pipe roof umbrella was the most effective technique to reduce the ground deformations around the tunnel;however,the numerical results

关键词： Tunnel NATM Residual soil FEM 3D face effects Ground deformation Face stability

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