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Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escalona Erica Gobbi Pedro L.Valenzuela Simon J.Bennett Pierluigi Aschieri Manuel Martin-Loeches antonio Paoli oscar Martinez-de-Quel Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy Department of Systems Biology University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Italian Judo WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiology&Methods for the Behavioural Sciences Department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 ***:Twenty schools in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±SD)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,*** included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;p0.05).Conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school *** results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

关键词： Academic performance Cardiorespiratory fitness Conduct problems Karate Physical fitness

Clinicopathological alterations in wild mammals from the reservoir system of Trypanosoma cruzi:a scoping review

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 48-58页

作者： Ricardo Sanchez Pérez JoséManuel Aranda-Coello Joséantonio De Fuentes Vicente oscar Rico Chavez Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan Universidad Nacional Autonoma deMexicoCuautitlan lzcalliEstadodeMexicoMexico El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Campeche CampecheCampecheMexico Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas-Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Tuxtla GutierrezChiapasMexico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Nacional Autonoma deMexico Ciudad deMexicoMexico

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas *** flagellated protozoan is transmitted to humans as well as different species of domestic and wild animals via vectors from the Reduviidae family(known as"kissing bugs").Despite the fact that hundreds of species of wild mammals are part of the reservoir system,the morphologi-cal changes and clinical manifestations resulting from the pathogenesis of the infection have been largely *** aim of this review is to systematically compile the available information regarding clinicopathological altera-tions in wild mammals due to natural infection by *** was obtained from six online bibliographic data search platforms,resulting in the identification of 29 publications that met the inclusion *** was the most common clinical manifestation,cardiac damage was the main finding at necropsy,and lymphoplas-macytic inflammation was the most frequent microscopic ***,regardless of its role as a reservoir,*** has the potential to affect the health status of wild mammals,a situation that highlights the need for further research to analyze,measure,and compare its effects at both the individual and population levels.

关键词： Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas disease American trypanosomiasis Clinicopathological alterations Natural infection Wild mammals

亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi Luo oscar J Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra James F Cahill jr.Zi Wang Dong He Yongfa Chen Chengjin Chu Youshi Wang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Ecology and the Environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

Drought Tolerance and Recovery of the Sedge Carex planostachys (Cyperaceae) from Central Texas Woodlands

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 746-765页

作者： E. Rob Wayne oscar William Van Auken Natural Sciences Department St. Philips College San Antonio USA Department of Integrative Biology The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio USA

Carex planostachys Kunze (Cyperaceae, Cedar sedge) is an herbaceous species in a genus commonly inhabiting mesic or hydric habitats. Carex planostachys is found in arid and semi-arid Juniperus woodlands. Arid conditions impose survival challenges to plants in dry areas. Some plants have plasticity responses to soil water content and continued normal though reduced functions through droughts, but most herbaceous plants do not survive. Limited previous studies have suggested C. planostachys is tolerant of drought. Physiological responses of C. planostachys from Juniperus woodlands was examined is this study to determine how long plants could survive without water and if they are capable of recovery from very negative water potentials beyond what is considered the permanent wilting point for most herbaceous plants. Plants were placed in pots in partial shade in this experiment. Water loss from the soil with plants was an inverse 2nd order polynomial function with soil water decreasing from 32% to 8% by day 28 of the study. Leaf water potential was also an inverse 2nd order polynomial function but did not decline significantly until 14 days without watering. Leaf water potential was −10.0 MPa after 35 days without watering. Non-watered plants Anet, (photosynthetic rate) was significantly lower compared to the water treatment by day 21 as was stomatal conductance and transpiration. When non-watered plants were watered after 21, 28 or 35 days, full recovery of physiological responses occurred within 7 days. The length of time that C. planostachys was able to withstand drought was greater than the annual trends in lack of precipitation during springtime in this area. Carex planostachys can photosynthesize at water stress between −8 and −10 MPa. Carex planostachys drought and shade tolerance enables it to occupy an understory niche devoid of other herbaceous plants.

关键词： CO2 Uptake Conductance Gas Exchange Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Water Stress Water Potential.

Gas Exchange Rates of Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana) in Central Texas Woodlands

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 329-348页

作者： Matthew B. Grunstra oscar W. Van Auken Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon) is a secondary species in most Juniperus ashei/Quercus fusiformis woodlands in central Texas. It has high density, but plants are mostly in the community understory. Light response curves at ambient and elevated levels of CO2 and temperature were measured for D. texana. The Anet (photosynthetic rate) increased significantly as both light level and CO2 levels increased but not temperature. The Amax (maximum photosynthetic rate) of D. texana in full sun at elevated levels of CO2 was increased for all treatments. Stomatal conductance increased with levels of CO2 but only if the interaction was removed from the model. Intercellular levels of CO2 increased with both temperature and CO2 treatments as did water use efficiency (WUE). Furthermore, light saturation (Lsat) increased with CO2 treatments and light compensation (Lcp) increased with temperature. The dark respiration (Rd) increased with both temperature and CO2 treatments. Markov population models suggested D. texana populations would remain ecologically similar in the future. However, sub-canopy light levels and herbivory should be considered when examining population projections. For example, Juniperus ashei juveniles are not recruited into any canopy unless there are high light levels. Herbivory reduces the success of Quercus juveniles from reaching the canopy. These factors do not seem to be a problem for D. texana juveniles which would allow them to reach the canopy without need of a high light gap and are not prevented by herbivory. Thus, Juniperus/Quercus woodlands will change in the future to woodlands with D. texana a more common species.

关键词： Replacement Dynamics Ecological Succession CO2 Concentrations Temperature Levels Photosynthetic Rates Drought Tolerance Herbivory Species Replacement Encroachment Juniper

Effect of rhenium on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Fe–2.25Cr–1.6W–0.25V-0.1C bainitic steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第12期33卷 1487-1493页

作者： José antonio Jiménez Manuel Carsí oscar antonio Ruano Department of Physical Metallurgy Centro Nacional de lnvestigaciones MetalurgicasC.S.I.CAvda.Gregorio del Amo 828040 MadridSpain

A new ferritic creep resistant steel has been developed by eliminating Nb and adding 1.5 mass % Re to a ferritic steel grade T/P23 with the aim of enhancing its mechanical properties at high *** ingots of both steels, new grade and ASTM T/P 23, were hot rolled at 900℃ and then submitted to a thermal treatment consisting of solubilization at 1050℃ and tempering at 700℃. Tempered bainitic microstructures obtained contain second phases reinforcing carbide particles, mainly M_6C and M_（23）C_6 at the boundaries of both, prior austenite grains and bainitic ferrite laths, as well as MC within the grains. Mechanical properties at temperatures ranging from 540 to 600℃ were studied by strain-ratechange tests in compression at strain rates between 10^（-7） and 10^（-4）s^（-1）. These tests showed high stress exponents（n ≥ 20） and activation energies（Q ≈ 400 k J/mol） for both alloys, which were associated with a dislocation movement mechanism with a strong interaction between dislocations and precipitates. On the other hand, a creep exponent of 5 was derived for the stress dependence of minimum creep rate from conventional-type creep tests at 600℃. Although this stress exponent is usually related to a dislocation climb controlled creep mechanism, remarkable microstructural degradation observed with increasing creep time makes difficult to elucidate the true deformation mechanism controlling creep.

关键词： Creep resistant steel T/P23 Thermal treatment Tempered bainite High temperature mechanical properties Creep

A Pseudo-Stokes Mesh Motion Algorithm

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2013年第2期5卷 194-211页

作者： Luciano Goncalves Noleto Manuel N.D.Barcelos jr. antonio C.P.Brasil jr. Universidade de Brasılia Faculdade de TecnologiaDepartamento de Engenharia MecanicaLaboratorio de Energia e Ambiente.Asa Norte.Brasılia-DFBrasil70.910-900 Universidade de Brasılia no Gama.Complexo de Educa¸c˜ao CulturaEsporte e Lazer.A rea Especial de Industria 1Setor LesteFaculdade Lote 1.Gama-DFBrasil72.444-210

This work presents a moving mesh methodology based on the solution of a pseudo flow *** mesh motion is modeled as a pseudo Stokes problem solved by an explicit finite element projection *** mesh quality requirements are satisfied by employing a null divergent velocity *** methodology is applied to triangular unstructured meshes and compared to well known approaches such as the ones based on diffusion and pseudo structural *** of the test cases is an airfoil with a fully meshed domain.A specific rotation velocity is imposed as the airfoil boundary *** other test is a set of two cylinders that move toward each other.A mesh quality criteria is employed to identify critically distorted elements and to evaluate the performance of each mesh motion *** results obtained for each test case show that the pseudo-flow methodology produces satisfactory meshes during the moving process.

关键词： Moving boundaries mesh motion strategy finite element projection methods

Spinal cord injury-induced cognitive impairment: a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2649-2654页

作者： oscar V.Alcántar-Garibay Diego Incontri-Abraham antonio Ibarra Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud(CICSA) Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Anáhuac México Campus NorteHuixquilucanEstado de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury is a serious damage to the spinal cord that can lead to life-long *** on its etiology,spinal cord injury can be classified as traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord ***,the pathology of spinal cord injury can be divided into two phases,a primary injury phase,and a secondary injury *** primary spinal cord injury phase involves the initial mechanical injury in which the physical force of impact is directly imparted to the spinal cord,disrupting blood vessels,axons,and neural cell *** the primary injury,a cascade of secondary events begins,expanding the zone of neural tissue damage,and exacerbating neurological *** injury is a progressive condition characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines,reactive oxygen species,oxidative damage,excitatory amino acids such as glutamate,loss of ionic homeostasis,mitochondrial dysfunction,and cell *** secondary phase lasts for several weeks or months and can be further subdivided into acute,subacute,and *** of the most frequent and devastating complications developed among the spinal cord injury population is cognitive *** risk of cognitive decline after spinal cord injury has been reported to be 13 times higher than in healthy *** exact etiology of this neurological complication remains unclear,however,many factors have been proposed as potential contributors to the development of this disorder,such as concomitant traumatic brain injury,hypoxia,anoxia,autonomic dysfunction,sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea,body temperature dysregulation,alcohol abuse,and certain *** review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and its relationship to cognitive *** highlight the main mechanisms that lead to the development of this neurological complication in patients with spinal cord injury.

关键词： autonomic dysfunction cognitive impairment spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury

Buzz-pollination in Neotropical bees:genus-dependent frequencies and lack of optimal frequency for pollen release

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 133-142页

作者： Conrado Augusto Rosi-Denadai Priscila Cassia Souza Araujo Lucio antonio de Oliveira Campos Lirio Cosme jr. Raul Narciso Carvalho Guedes Departamento de Entomologia Universidade Federal de VigosaVigosaMinas GeraisBrazil Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de VigosaVigosaMinas GeraisBrazil

Over 50 genera of bees release pollen from flower anthers using thoracic vibrations,a phenomenon known as *** efficiency of this process is directly affected by the mechanical properties of the buzzes,namely the duration,amplitude,and ***,although the effects of the former two properties are well described,the role of buzz frequency on pollen release remains ***,nearly all of the existing studies describing vibrational properties of natural buzz-pollination are limited to bumblebees(Bombus)and carpenter bees(Xvlocopa)constraining our current understanding of this behavior and its ***,we attempted to minimize this shortcoming by testing whether flower anthers exhibit optimal frequency for pollen release and whether bees tune their buzzes to match these(optimal)*** true,certain frequencies will trigger more pollen release and lighter bees will reach buzz frequencies closer to this optimum to compensate their smaller buzz *** strategies were used to test these hypotheses:(i)the use of(artificial)vibrational playbacks in a broad range of buzz frequencies and amplitudes to assess pollen release by tomato plants(Solarium Ivcopersicum L.)and(ii)the recording of natural buzzes of Neotropical bees visiting tomato plants during *** playback experiment indicates that although buzz frequency does affect pollen release,no optimal frequency exists for *** addition,the recorded results of natural buzz-pollination reveal that buzz frequencies vary with bee genera and are not correlated with body ***,neither bees nor plants are tuned to optimal pollen release *** frequency of buzz-pollination is a likely consequence of the insect flight machinery adapted to reach higher accelerations,while flower plant response to buzz-pollination is the likely result of its pollen granular properties.

关键词： buzz amplitude buzz frequency floral sonication pollination stingless bees vibration