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Effect of Noisy Fitness in Real-Time Strategy Games Player Behaviour Optimisation Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第5期27卷 1007-1023页

作者： antonio M. Mora antonio fernndez-ares Juan J. Merelo Pablo García-Snchez Carlos M. fernandes Computer Architecture and Technology Department University of Granada Institute for Systems and Robotics Technical University of Lisbon

This paper investigates the performance and the results of an evolutionary algorithm （EA） specifically designed for evolving the decision engine of a program （which, in this context, is called bot） that plays Planet Wars. This game, which was chosen for the Google Artificial Intelligence Challenge in 2010, requires the bot to deal with multiple target planets, while achieving a certain degree of adaptability in order to defeat different opponents in different scenarios. The decision engine of the bot is initially based on a set of rules that have been defined after an empirical study, and a genetic algorithm （GA） is used for tuning the set of constants, weights and probabilities that those rules include, and therefore, the general behaviour of the bot. Then, the bot is supplied with the evolved decision engine and the results obtained when competing with other bots （a bot offered by Google as a sparring partner, and a scripted bot with a pre-established behaviour） are thoroughly analysed. The evaluation of the candidate solutions is based on the result of non-deterministic battles （and environmental interactions） against other bots, whose outcome depends on random draws as well as on the opponents＇ actions. Therefore, the proposed GA is dealing with a noisy fitness function. After analysing the effects of the noisy fitness, we conclude that tackling randomness via repeated combats and reevaluations reduces this effect and makes the GA a highly valuable approach for solving this problem.

关键词： real-time strategy game genetic algorithm noisy fitness player behaviour optimisation parameter adaptation

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Woody plant taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity decrease along elevational gradients in Andean tropical montane forests:Environmental filtering and arrival of temperate taxa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 491-501页

作者： Guillermo Bañares-de-Dios Manuel J.Macía Gabriel Arellano Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda Julia Vega-álvarez Itziar Arnelas Carlos I.Espinosa Norma Salinas Luis Cayuela Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain Departamento de Biología Área de BotánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Oikobit LLC ***AlbuquerqueNM87120USA Real Jardín Botánico–CSIC Plaza Murillo 2MadridES-28014Spain Departamento de Biología Animal EcologíaParasitologíaEdafología y Química AgrícolaUniversidad de SalamancaCalle Donantes de Sangre s/nSalamancaES-37007Spain Departamento de Biodiversidad Ecología y EvoluciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridCalle JoséAntonio Nováis 12Ciudad UniversitariaES-28040Spain Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de LojaA.P.11-01-608 LojaEcuador Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúA.P.Lima 32LimaPeru ECI School of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOX13QYOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global(IICG-URJC) Universidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain

Mountains are paramount for exploring biodiversity patterns due to the mosaic of topographies and climates encompassed over short *** research has traditionally focused on taxonomic diversity when investigating changes along elevational gradients,but other facets should be *** first time,we simultaneously assessed elevational trends in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in Andean tropical montane forests and explored their underlying ecological and evolutionary *** investigation covered four transects(traversing ca.2200 m a.s.l.)encompassing 114 plots of 0.1 ha across a broad latitudinal range(ca.10).Using Hill numbers to quantify abundance-based diversity among 37,869 individuals we observed a consistent decrease in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity as elevation increased,although the decrease was less pronounced for higher Hill *** exception was a slight increase in phylogenetic diversity when dominant species were *** decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity might be attributed to an environmental filtering process towards highlands,where the increasingly harsher conditions exclude species and functional ***,the differences in steepness decrease between Hill orders suggest that rare species disproportionately contribute to functional *** phylogenetic diversity the shifting elevational trend between Hill orders indicates a greater than previously considered influence in central Andean highlands of tropical lowlands originated species with strong niche conservatism relative to distantly related temperate *** could be explained by a decreasing presence and abundance of temperate,extratropical taxa towards the central Andes relative to northern or southern Andes,where they are more ***©2024 Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.

关键词： Altitudinal gradients Andes Environmentalﬁltering Out of the Tropical Lowlands Functional rarity Tropical Niche Conservatism

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Plant adaptation to low phosphorus availability:Core signaling,crosstalks,and applied implications

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Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 104-124页

作者： Javier Paz-ares Maria Isabel Puga Monica Rojas-Triana Iris Martinez-Hevia Sergio Diaz Cesar Poza-Carrión Miguel Mi(n)ambres antonio Leyva Department of Plant Molecular Genetics Centro Nacional de Biotecnología(CNB-CSIC)Darwin 3Campus Universidad Autónoma28049 MadridSpain Institute of Plant Biochemistry Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLASUniversity of Düsseldorf40225 DüsseldorfGermany

Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for plant growth and *** preferentially absorb P as orthophosphate(Pi),an ion that displays low solubility and that is readily fixed in the soil,making P limita-tion a condition common to many soils and Pi fertilization an inefficient *** cope with Pi limitation,plants have evolved a series of developmental and physiological responses,collectively known as the Pi starvation rescue system(PSR),aimed to improve Pi acquisition and use efficiency(PUE)and protect from Pi-starvation-induced *** research has been carried out during the last 20 years to un-ravel the mechanisms underlying the control of the PSR in *** we review the results of this research effort that have led to the identification and characterization of several core Pi starvation signaling components,including sensors,transcription factors,microRNAs(miRNAs)and miRNA inhibitors,kinases,phosphatases,and components of the proteostasis *** also refer to recent results revealing the existence of intricate signaling interplays between Pi and other nutrients and antagonists,N,Fe,Zn,and As,that have changed the initial single-nutrient-centric view to a more integrated view of nutrient ***,we discuss advances toward improving PUE and future research priorities.

关键词： inositol pyrophosphate plant nutrient PHR1 transcription factor PUE(phosphorus acquisition and use efficiency) SPX sensor and STOP1 transcription factor

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Impact of mass screening for gluten-sensitive enteropathy in working population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第11期15卷 1331-1338页

作者： Meritxell Mariné fernando fernández-Baares Montserrat Alsina Carme Farré Montserrat Cortijo Rebeca Santaolalla antonio Salas Margarita Tomàs Elias Abugattas Carme Loras Ingrid Ordás Josep M Viver Maria Esteve Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of Mútua de TerrassaResearch Foundation Mútua de TerrassaUniversity of Barcelona08221 TerrassaCataloniaSpain Department of Immunology(Catlab) University Hospital of Mútua de TerrassaResearch Foundation Mútua de TerrassaUniversity of Barcelona08221 TerrassaCataloniaSpain Department of Biochemistry Sant Joan de DéuHospitalEsplugues08950 CataloniaSpain Occupational Health Department Egarsat(Prevention Society)Sant Cugat del Vallès08173 CataloniaSpain Department of Pathology University Hospital of Mútua de TerrassaResearch Foundation Mútua de TerrassaUniversity of Barcelona08221 TerrassaCataloniaSpain

AIM:To assess:(1)frequency and clinical relevanceof gluten sensitive enteropathy(GSE)detected by serology in a mass screening program;(2)sensitivity of antitransglutaminase(tTGA)and antiendomysium antibodies(EmA);and(3)adherence to gluten-free diet(GFD)and follow-up. METHODS:One thousand,eight hundred and sixtyeight subjects recruited from an occupational health department underwent analysis for tTGA and EmA and, if positive,duodenal biopsy,DQ2/DQ8 genotyping, clinical feature recording,blood tests,and densitometry were ***>98%of individuals had tTGA <2 U/mL,this value was established as the cut-off limit of normality and was considered positive when confirmed twice in the same *** to a GFD and follow up were registered. RESULTS:Twenty-six(1.39%)subjects had positive tTGA and/or EmA,and 21 underwent biopsy:six Marsh Ⅲ(oneⅢa,fourⅢb,oneⅢc),nine MarshⅠand six Marsh 0(frequency of GSE 1:125).The sensitivity of EmA for GSE was 46.6%(11.1%for MarshⅠ,100% for MarshⅢ),while for tTGA,it was 93.3%(88.8% for MarshⅠ,100%for MarshⅢ).All 15 patients with abnormal histology had clinical features related to ***ⅠandⅢsubjects had more abdominal pain than Marsh 0(P=0.029),and a similar trend was observed for distension and *** differences in the percentage of osteopenia were found between MarshⅠandⅢ(P=0.608).Adherence to follow-up was 69.2%.Of 15 GSE patients,66.7%followed a GFD with 80%responding to it. CONCLUSION:GSE in the general population is frequent and clinically relevant,irrespective of histological *** is the marker of *** screening programs are useful in identifying patients who can benefit from GFD and follow-up.

关键词：总人口肠病筛查临床意义 GSE EMA 检查程序卫生部门

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Arsenite provides a selective signal that coordinates arsenate uptake and detoxification through the regulation of PHR1 stability in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2022年第11期15卷 1826-1826页

作者： Cristina Navarro Cristian Mateo-Elizalde Thotegowdanapalya CMohan Eduardo Sánchez-Bermejo Oscar Urrutia María Nieves fernández-Muñiz JoséMGarcía-Mina Riansares Muñoz Javier Paz-ares Gabriel Castrillo antonio Leyva 不详

(Molecular Plant 14,1489-1507;September 6,2021)In the“Accession numbers”section in the originally published version of our manuscript,we mistakenly listed At5g44570 as the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative locus identif... 详细信息

关键词： Arabidopsis identifier stability

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The 2.7 K black-body radiation background reference frame

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第4期19卷 16-20页

作者： López-Carrera Benjamín Rosales Marco antonio ares de Parga Gonzalo Departamento de Física Escuela Superior de Física y MatemticasInstituto Politécnico NacionalU.P.A.López MateosZacatenco 07738México DFMéxico Departamento de Física Universidad de las AméricasSanta Catarina MrtirC.P.72820CholulaPuebla.México

This paper reports that the directional temperature is used to present a scheme for deducing the velocity of the reference frame where the black-body which produces the 2.7 K radiation background is at rest. The new r... 详细信息

关键词： relativistic transformations thermodynamics covariance black-body radiation

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Arsenite provides a selective signal that coordinates arsenate uptake and detoxification through the regulation of PHR1 stability in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1489-1507页

作者： Cristina Navarro Cristian Mateo-Elizalde Thotegowdanapalya C.Mohan Eduardo Sanchez-Bermejo Oscar Urrutia Maria Nieves fernandez-Muniz Jose M.Garcia-Mina Riansares Munoz Javier Paz-ares Gabriel Castrillo antonio Leyva Department of Plant Molecular Genetics Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid 28049Spain Department of Environmental Biology Sciences SchoolUniversity of NavarraPamplona 31008Spain Department of Analytical Chemistry School of Chemical SciencesUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain Present address:Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Life SciencesJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnataka 570015India Present address:S&A Fresh Produce.Brook Farm MardenHereford HR13ETUK Future Food Beacon of Excellence&School of Biosciences University of NottinghamNottingham LE125RDUK

In nature,plants acquire nutrients from soils to sustain growth,and at the same time,they need to avoid the uptake of toxic compounds and/or possess tolerance systems to cope with *** is particularly challenging when the toxic compound and the nutrient are chemically similar,as in the case of phosphate and *** this study,we demonstrated that regulatory elements of the phosphate starvation response(PSR)coordinate the arsenate detoxification machinery in the *** showed that arsenate repression of the phosphate transporter PHT1;1 is associated with the degradation of the PSR master regulator *** arsenic is sequestered into the vacuole,PHR1 stability is restored and PHT1;1 expression is ***,we identified an arsenite responsive SKP1-like protein and a PHR1 interactor F-box(PHIF1)as constituents of the SCF complex responsible for PHR1 *** found that arsenite,the form to which arsenate is reduced for compartmentalization in vacuoles,represses PHT1;1 expression,providing a highly selective signal versus phosphate to control PHT1;1 expression in response to ***,our results provide molecular insights into a sensing mechanism that regulates arsenate/phosphate uptake depending on the plant’s detoxification capacity.

关键词： arsenic signaling F-box protein arsenate uptake arsenic detoxification phosphate starvation phytoremediation

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Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of iron deficiency anaemia of unknown origin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第26期19卷 4166-4171页

作者： Helena Monzón Montserrat Forné Maria Esteve Mercé Rosinach Carme Loras Jorge C Espinós Josep M Viver antonio Salas fernando fernández-Baares Departments of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfer-medades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Departments of Pathology Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa

AIM: To assess the aetiological role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in adult patients with ironrefractory or iron-dependent anaemia of previously unknown origin. METHODS: Consecutive patients with chronic irondeficient anaemia (IDA) with H. pylori infection and a negative standard work-up were prospectively evaluated. All of them had either iron refractoriness or iron dependency. Response to H. pylori eradication was assessed at 6 and 12 mo from follow-up. H. pylori infection was considered to be the cause of the anaemia when a complete anaemia resolution without iron supplements was observed after eradication. RESULTS: H. pylori was eradicated in 88 of the 89 patients. In the non-eradicated patient the four eradicating regimens failed. There were violations of protocol in 4 patients, for whom it was not possible to ascertain the cause of the anaemia. Thus, 84 H. pylori eradicated patients (10 men; 74 women) were available to assess the effect of eradication on IDA. H. pylori infection was considered to be the aetiology of IDA in 32 patients (38.1%; 95%CI: 28.4%-48.8%). This was more frequent in men/postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women (75% vs 23.3%; P < 0.0001) with an OR of 9.8 (95%CI: 3.3-29.6). In these patients, anaemia resolution occurred in the first follow-up visit at 6 mo, and no anaemia or iron deficiency relapse was observed after a mean follow-up of 21 ± 2 mo. CONCLUSION: Gastric H. pylori infection is a frequent cause of iron-refractory or iron-dependent anaemia of previously unknown origin in adult patients.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Iron-deficiency anaemia Iron refractoriness Gluten-sensitive enteropathy Menopause

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Portal hypertensive colopathy is associated with portal hypertension severity in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第38期15卷 4781-4787页

作者： antonio Diaz-Sanchez Oscar Nuez-Martinez Cecilia Gonzalez-Asanza Ana Matilla Beatriz Merino Diego Rincon Inmaculada Beceiro Maria Vega Catalina Magdalena Salcedo Rafael Baares Gerardo Clemente Liver Unit-CIBEREHD.Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraón Madrid 28007Spain Gastroenterology Unit Hospital Infanta Leonor Gastroenterology Unit Hospital Infanta Sofia Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias

AIM:To assess the prevalence of portal hypertension (PH) related colorectal lesions in liver transplant candidates, and to evaluate its association with the severity of ***: Between October 2004 and December 2005, colonoscopy was performed in 92 cirrhotic liver transplant candidates. We described the lesions resulting from colorectal PH and their association with the grade of PH in 77 patients who underwent measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG).RESULTS: Mean age was 55 years and 80.7% of patients were men. The main etiology of cirrhosis was alcoholism (45.5%). Portal hypertensive colopathy (PHC) was found in 23.9%, colonic varices in 7.6% and polyps in 38% of patients (adenomatous type 65.2%). One asymptomatic patient had a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The manifestations of colorectal PH were not associated with the etiology of liver disease or with the Child-Pugh grade. Ninety percent of patients with colopathy presented with gastroesopha-geal varices (GEV), and 27.5% of patients with GEV presented with colopathy (P=0.12). A relationship between higher values of HVPG and presence of col-opathy was observed (19.9±6.2 mmHg vs 16.8±5.4 mmHg, P=0.045), but not with the grade of col-opathy (P=0.13). Preneoplastic polyps and neoplasm (P=0.02) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (P=0.006) were more prevalent in patients with colopathy. We did not observe any association between previous β-blocker therapy and the presence of colorectal portal hypertensive ***: PHC is common in cirrhotic liver trans-plant candidates and is associated with higher portal pressure.

关键词：严重程度门静脉肝硬化患者高压结肠压性

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New low-cost magnifying device for temporal bone laboratory

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Journal of Otology 2019年第2期14卷 73-75页

作者： Vittorio Rinaldi Manuele Casale antonio Moffa Giovanni Mancini Daniela Carioli Didier Portmann Michele Cassano Lorenzo Pignataro Unit of Otolaryngology UOS ORL TICampus Bio-Medico UniversityRomeItaly Department of Otolaryngology University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly ORL ROMA Care&Research RomeItaly Department of Otolaryngology Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthFondazione I.R.C.C.S.Ca’GrandaOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly Institut G.Portmann 114 avenue d'Ares33076Bordeaux cedexFrance

Temporal bone dissection has important role in educating and training oto and skull base *** of a temporal bone laboratory is expensive.A dedicated magnifying system,such as a surgical microscope or an endoscopic equipment,represents one of the most significant *** aim of this study is to test and demonstrate the utility of a commercial USB as a low-cost solution to equip the laboratory with a good magnifying system and illumination.

关键词： Temporal bone dissection Temporal bone laboratory Temporal bone surgical technique training

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