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millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： Ryan m.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard antonio Lauto Spinal cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several conditions.Despite potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse generators.These facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential applications.Reducing nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic applications.However,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering challenge.This review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation devices.These are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound power.We highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

Integrating Levels of Hierarchical Organization in Porous Organic molecular materials

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 134-153页

作者： Jesus Ferrando‑Soria antonio Fernandez Instituto de ciencia molecular(Icmol) Universidad de Valencia46980 ValenciaSpain School of Science Loughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

Porous organic molecular materials(POmms)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POmms represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,c-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular materials.In some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized properties.Therefore,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POmms in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both topics.Herein,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POmms,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.

关键词： Porous organic molecular materials Hierarchy Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks Porous cages Fullerene

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1671-1677页

作者： Yolanda Diz-chaves Zainab maastor carlos Spuch José antonio Lamas Lucas c.González-matías Federico mallo Biomedical Research centre(cINBIO) Laboratory of EndocrinologyUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain Translational Neuroscience Research Group Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteCIBERSAMHospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroSala InvestigaciónEstrada Clara CampoamorVigoSpain Biomedical Research centre(cINBIO) Laboratory of NeuroscienceUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain regions.Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis.The glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous system.After brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive astrocytosis.These activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult.Furthermore,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many diseases.Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control mechanisms.The glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry response.This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,vascular dementia,or chronic migrai

关键词： astrocytes brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor inflammation microglia

Litter production and leaf nutrient concentration and remobilization in response to climate seasonality in the central Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 131-141页

作者： Ricardo antonio marenco Saul Alfredo Antezana-Vera Daniela Pereira Dias Luiz antonio candido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Coordenagao de Uso da Terra e Mudanca ClimaticaAv.Andre Araujo 2936ManausAM69067-375Brazil Programa de pos-Graduagao em Agricultura no Tropico Umido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPAManausAMBrazil Unidade Academica de ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de JataiBR 364km 195JataiGO 75801-615Brazil

Litterfall is the largest source of nutrients to for-est soils of tropical rainforests.However,variability in lit-terfall production,nutrient remobilization,and changes in leaf nutrient concentration with climate seasonality remain largely unknown for the central Amazon.This study meas-ured litterfall production,leaf nutrient remobilization,and leaf area index on a forest plateau in the central Amazon.Litterfall was measured at monthly intervals during 2014,while nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and mag-nesium concentrations of leaf litter and canopy leaves were measured in the dry and rainy seasons,and remobilization rates determined.Leaf area index was also recorded in the dry and rainy seasons.monthly litterfall varied from 33.2(in the rainy season)to 87.6 g m^(-2) in the dry season,while leaf area index increased slightly in the rainy season.climatic seasonality had no effect on concentrations of nitrogen,calcium,and magnesium,whereas phosphorous and potassium responded to rainfall seasonality oppositely.While phosphorous increased,potassium decreased during the dry season.Over seasons,nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorous decreased in leaf litter;calcium increased in leaf litter,while magnesium remained unaffected with leaf aging.Regardless,the five nutrients had similar remobilization rates over the year.The absence of climate seasonality on nutrient remobilization suggests that the current length of the dry season does not alter nutrient remobilization rates but this may change as dry periods become more prolonged in the future due to climate change.

关键词： Throughfall Nutrient cycling climatic seasonality Leaf mass per area

Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arlette Fauteux antonio Onofre Soares Eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly studied.However,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on pepper.The present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber crop.The preimaginal development and voracity of E.americanus were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(A.gossypi)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to adult.Preimaginal development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey species.The weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker prey.The ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal prey.Results suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing E.americanus for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

Novel insights into D-Pinitol based therapies:a link between tau hyperphosphorylation and insulin resistance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 289-295页

作者： Dina medina-Vera antonio Jesús López-Gambero Juan antonio Navarro carlos Sanjuan Elena Baixeras Juan Decara Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBImA Plataforma BIONAND UGC Salud MentalMálagaSpain Facultad de ciencias Universidad de MálagaMálagaSpain cIBER Enfermedades cardiovasculares(cIBERcV) Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaUGC del CorazónMálagaSpain University of Bordeaux INSERMNeurocentre MagendieBordeauxFrance Euronutra S.L.calle Johannes Kepler MálagaSpain Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología molecular Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease cyclin-dependent kinase 5 diabetes D-Pinitol inositols insulin resistance kinases phosphorylation PI3K/Akt tau

Influence of manufacturing process-induced geometrical defects on the energy absorption capacity of polymer lattice structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 47-59页

作者： Alexandre Riot Enrico Panettieri antonio cosculluela marco montemurro Universite de Bordeaux Arts et Metiers Institute of TechnologyCNRSINRABordeaux INPHESAM UniversiteI2M UMR 5295F-33405 TalenceFrance French Atomic Energy commission Route des GargailsCedexF-33114Le BarpFrance

modern additive manufacturing processes enable fabricating architected cellular materials of complex shape,which can be used for different purposes.Among them,lattice structures are increasingly used in applications requiring a compromise among lightness and suited mechanical properties,like improved energy absorption capacity and specific stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios.A dedicated modeling strategy to assess the energy absorption capacity of lattice structures under uni-axial compression loading is presented in this work.The numerical model is developed in a non-linear framework accounting for the strain rate effect on the mechanical responses of the lattice structure.Four geometries,i.e.,cubic body centered cell,octet cell,rhombic-dodecahedron and truncated cuboctahedron 2+,are investigated.Specifically,the influence of the relative density of the representative volume element of each geometry,the strain-rate dependency of the bulk material and of the presence of the manufacturing process-induced geometrical imperfections on the energy absorption capacity of the lattice structure is investigated.The main outcome of this study points out the importance of correctly integrating geometrical imperfections into the modeling strategy when shock absorption applications are aimed for.

关键词： Lattice structures Architected cellular materials Dynamic simulation Energy absorption Geometrical imperfection Additive manufacturing

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Oligodendroctyes:the forgotten players of diabetes pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2349-2350页

作者： Juan antonio López-Villodres Beatriz García-Díaz Departamento Fisiología Humana Histología HumanaAnatomía Patológica y Educación Física y DeportivaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain UGc Neurociencia.Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina(IBImA Plataforma Bionand) MálagaSpain

Oligodendrocytes(OLs),glial cells that provide myelin sheaths to axons in the central nervous system(cNS),have a dual role.First,this myelin fatty cover around the axons protects the nerves and is crucial for the saltatory propagation of action potentials.Second and not less important,OLs provide trophic support to neurons and axons.Thus,OL metabolism is important for OL well-being and the proper accomplishment of their functions,and OL metabolism energetics directly affect the energy metabolism of neighboring neurons.

关键词： metabolism nerves myelin

multichannel coupling induced topological insulating phases with full multimerization

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 491-498页

作者： JUN LI YAPING YANG c-m.HU mOE Key Laboratory of Advanced micro-Structured materials School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada

We propose and experimentally realize a class of quasi-one-dimensional topological lattices whose unit cells are constructed by coupled multiple identical resonators,with uniform hopping and inversion symmetry.In the presence of coupling-path-induced effective zero hopping within the unit cells,the systems are characterized by complete multimerization with degenerate-1 energy edge states for open boundary condition.

关键词： symmetry topological coupling