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Vigilance behavior of Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica:Effect of sex and position in the herd

Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 232-237页

作者： antoni dalmau Alfred FERRET Xavier MANTECA Irta Finca Camps i Armet s/n Monells Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona School of Veterinary Science Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments

The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presencein open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages (a reduction in the risk of predation) and disadvantages(competition between members of the herd) of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group livingmay vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheralposition in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group sizeeffect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males,vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in thecentral part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ accordingto position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilancebehavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differencesin vigilance behavior might be due to social

关键词：警戒行为位置效应牛群羚羊性别社会交往捕食风险规模效应

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聚乙二醇化α干扰素注射后引起皮肤坏死

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 7-8页

作者： dalmau J Pimentel C.L Puig L 罗素菊 Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167 08025 Barcelona Spain.Dr

Pegylated interferon alfa-2b is a formulation of recombinant human interferon conjugated with polyethylene glycol. Compared with standard interferon alfa injections, this preparation has a longer half-life allowing for once-weekly injections and superior antiviral efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis C when used in combination with ribavirin. Cutaneous side effects caused by interferon are well known. Cutaneous necrosis as a result of interferon alfa is an infrequent complication with unknown pathogenesis, in which a cutaneous local immune-mediated inflammatory process might be involved. We report 5 patients (3 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b in association with oral ribavirin and two patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia) who developed local cutaneous reactions at sites of injection after the administration of weekly subcutaneous injections of pegylated interferon alfa-2b at different doses. The ulcers slowly healed with local therapy, but two patients required dose modification of the pegylated interferon alfa-2b and one patient required treatment withdrawal. We review the literature on previously reported cases of cutaneous necrosis after injection of standard interferon alfa or pegylated interferon alfa-2b and discuss the different pathophysiologic mechanisms that might be involved.

关键词： α干扰素聚乙二醇化慢性丙型肝炎免疫介导结合物剂量调整发病机制病理生理机制

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