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Effects of Industrial Agriculture and Urbanization on Structure and Functional Organization of Macroinvertebrate of Coastal Streams in Cameroon

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第2期13卷 154-171页

作者： Fils Mamert Onana antoine arfao tamsa Siméon Tchakonte Ernest Koji Nectaire Lié Nyamsi Tchatcho Yannick Nkouefuth Nfongmo Serge Hubet Zebaze Togouet Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroun Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Saint Jerome Polytechnic Institute Saint Jerome Catholic University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The impact of land use changes on watercourses is poorly documented in Cameroon. Therefore, this study examines the effects of agriculture and urbanization on water quality, the structure and functional organization of macroinvertebrates of streams in the coastal zone of Cameroon. Nine sampling stations including three per catchment area with different land occupations (agricultural, urban and forest) were selected. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly from February to July 2018 and the physicochemical variables were measured simultaneously. The urban and agricultural streams showed highly polluted waters with high nutrient and suspended matter content, whereas the forest stream waters are moderately polluted. In addition, the hierarchical ascending classification indicated a proximity in water quality between the agricultural and forest streams for which the main physicochemical variables did not vary significantly. With regards to macroinvertebrates, the forest watercourse is characterized by the proliferation of pollution-sensitive taxa, high diversity indices and complex trophic structuring, indicating its good ecological status. In contrast the urban watercourse, heavily polluted is characterized by low diversity indices reflecting a simplification of the structure of stands dominated by the pollution-tolerant collector-gatherer stands. The majority of biological indices and functional feeding groups were not significantly different between the agricultural and forest streams, suggesting a less pronounced impact of agriculture on macroinvertebrates. Our results showed that, riparian vegetation even though constituted of perennial crops, reduces the effects of agricultural inputs on streams and promotes the establishment of diversified macroinvertebrate communities.

关键词： Industrial Agriculture Urbanization Macroinvertebrates Water Quality Riparian Vegetation Perennial Crops

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Comparing Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Forest and Urban Streams of the Coastal Ecological Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Ecology 2019年第12期9卷 521-537页

作者： Fils Mamert Onana Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet antoine arfao tamsa Nectaire Lié Nyamsi Tchatcho Siméon Tchakonte Ernest Koji Armel William Yemtsa Yemeli Abigaelle Natacha Sandrine Mouto Makong Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Saint Jerome Polytechnic Institute Saint Jerome Catholic University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

In this study conducted in the coastal zone of Cameroon, biological indices and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates were used to assess the health status of two urban streams. For a better diagnosis, two streams located in coastal forest zone were used as a reference. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly over a 3-month period (from May to July 2017) in six urban stations and six forest stations. Measurements of the physicochemical variables were done simultaneously. Physicochemical analysis revealed that urban streams are strongly polluted with high content of decaying organic matters, while forest streams are slightly polluted as indicated by the Principal Component Analysis. Concerning benthic macroinvertebrates, urban streams are poorly diversified with the proliferation of taxa tolerant to water pollution and belonging to the functional feeding groups of collectors-gatherers. Inversely, forest streams are more diversified and dominated by sensitive taxa, most belonging to the functional feeding groups of predators and shredders. These marked differences between biological indices and feeding mode of benthic macroinvertebrates in forest and urban rivers confirm the reliability of benthic macroinvertebrates as good indicators of freshwater ecosystem in the coastal zone of Cameroon.

关键词： Urban and Forest Streams Benthic Macroinvertebrates Water Pollution Biological Indices Functional Feeding Groups

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Level of Bacteriological and Physicochemical Pollution of Surface Waters in Rural Area: The Case of Mbankomo Municipality (Center Region, Cameroon)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 173-188页

作者： Vanelle Lontchi Segnou Blandine Pulchérie Tamatcho Kweyang Ernest Koji Siméon Tchakonte Murielle Patricia Mabou Tokam Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti Fils Mamert Onana Ornella Eunice Wandji Kweya antoine tamsa arfao Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Microbiology University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Sciences Yaounde Cameroon Natural Resources and Environmental Management Unit Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Sciences Yaounde Cameroon Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratoire d’Application et d’Analyses Médicales Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé et du Management de Garoua Garoua Cameroun

A study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water was therefore carried out in a few watercourses in the municipality of Mbankomo, located in the Center Region (Cameroon). The physico-chemical parameters were measured according to the standard method. The organic pollution index (OPI) was determined from the contents of nitrates, phosphates, and ammoniacal nitrogen to characterize the level of organic pollution of the water. The microorganisms sought were total flora, indicators of faecal contamination like total coliforms, faecal coliforms, feacal streptococci and Escherichia coli, as well as the species Clostridium perfringens. The organic pollution index indicates a high-level organic pollution level during the small rainy season and high to moderate during the small dry season. High concentrations of the total and fecal coliforms, streptococci fecal, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens respectively of 1712 × 105 CFU/100mL;82 × 105 CFU/100mL;10 × 105 CFU/100mL;27 × 105 and 40 × 103 CFU/100mL, all higher than WHO standards, indicate that the waterways of Mbankomo are subject to feacal pollution and harbor pathogenic microflora. The cell densities of main bacteria were significantly correlated with main abiotic parameters, such as Escherichia coli, which was significantly correlated with the pH of the water (r = 0.35;p < 0.05). The variation of organic pollution index category means correspond to a high level of organic pollution during the small rainy season and a high to moderate level during the small dry season. The deterioration of the quality of these waters is favored by their proximity to sources of pollution (toilets, plantation), the runoff of the waters contaminated, the use of detergents and wrong maintenance. These waters without any treatment are not recommendable for human consumption according to standards of the World Health Organization.

关键词： Bacteriological Quality Physicochemical Parameters Surface Waters Organic Pollution Index

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Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater of Mbankomo Municipality(Center Region,Cameroon)

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2023年第3期12卷 115-127页

作者： Murielle Patricia Mabou Tokam antoine tamsa arfao Fils Mamert Onana Ernest Koji Vanelle Lontchi Segnou Yves Poutoum Yogne Awawou Manouore Njoya Ornel Kadji Tchantcha Ahmadou Fadimatou Sylvie Chinche Belengfe Edith Brunelle Mouafo Tamnou Moïse Nola Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDouala 24157Cameroon Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory University of Yaounde 1Faculty of SciencesYaounde 812Cameroon Laboratoire d’Application et d’Analyses Médicales Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques de la Santéet du Management de GarouaBP.51 GarouaCameroun Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Laboratory S3MN2E Faculty of SciencesMohammed-V University RabatAv.Ibn-BattoutaRabatMorocco 8007.N.U.North Africa Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BueaBuéa 63Cameroon

A study to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater was carried out in the commune of Mbankomo(Centre-Cameroon)at 4 wells and 4 springs during the period from March to *** physico-chemical parameters were measured by the standard *** bacteria of fecal contamination,namely HAB(Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria),total and faecal coliforms(Escherichia coli),and faecal streptococci were isolated by the surface spreading technique on PCA(Plate Count Agar),Endo and BEA(Bile Esculin Azide)agar respectively,and sulphite-reducing clostridia by the incorporation method on Tryptone Sulfite Cycloserine(TSC)*** a physico-chemical point of view,the groundwater in Mbamkomo is characterized by an average temperature(24.24±0.24°C);it is polluted with organic matter,acid and poorly *** was noted from a bacteriological point of view that these waters have a high and varied bacterial load with an average value of 100.8 × 10^(5) CFU/100 mL for coliforms,16.3 × 10^(5) CFU/100 mL for fecal streptococci,5.6 × 10^(5) CFU/100 mL for Escherichia coli and 4.8 ×10^(²)CFU/100 mL for Clostridium *** concentrations are all higher than the WHO(World Health Organization)standards which are set at 0 CFU/100 mL for coliforms,fecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens and indicate fecal pollution of these *** coli cell densities were significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen in the water(r=0.510;p<0.05).The degradation of the quality of these waters is favored by their proximity to pollution sources,poor maintenance and poor protection of the *** waters,without any treatment,are not recommended for human consumption according to the standards of the WHO.

关键词： Groundwater physico-chemical quality bacteriological quality.

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